What are the neural substrates of religious experiences? This essay attempts to answer the question by identifying key studies in the field of neurotheology. Topics include: neuroimaging studies of prayer, the neural substrates of drug-induced mystical states and the neural underpinnings of religious experiences during epileptic seizures. The results of the aforementioned studies are explained and compared to each other. Additionally, leading theories on the neural substrates of religious experiences are discussed. The research suggests that several brain areas are involved in religious experiences. Areas include: the temporal lobe, the prefrontal cortex and the posterior superior parietal lobe. However, the essay also concludes that neuroscientific research has reached rather inconclusive results on the neural substrates of religious experiences, both empirically and theoretically. Consequently, the discussion chapter examines whether methodological problems could account for that incongruence. Another possibility is that religious experiences lack a common neural substrate, since it is a very complex phenomenon.