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Frånvarande men inte osynliga, problematisk skolfrånvaro ur ett elevperspektiv: en strukturerad litteraturgranskning
University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences.
University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Absent but not invisible, problematic school absenteeism from a student perspective : A structured literature review (English)
Abstract [sv]

Introduktion: Problematisk skolfrånvaro är ett växande folkhälsoproblem med negativ inverkan på barns och ungas hälsa och framtidsutsikter. Trots ökad uppmärksamhet saknas ofta elevernas egna perspektiv i forskningen. Syfte: Att undersöka orsaker till problematisk skolfrånvaro utifrån elevers egna upplevelser och vilka faktorer som främjar skolnärvaro. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturöversikt baserad på 20 vetenskapliga originalartiklar genomfördes. Artiklarna valdes via systematiska sökningar i SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science och Academic Search Premier, vilka täcker både hälso- och utbildningsvetenskap. Sökorden var: ” "school absentee*" AND "student" AND "factor*". För analysen av det empiriska materialet användes systematisk textkondensering. Resultat: Elevers perspektiv beskriver emotionella svårigheter som psykisk ohälsa, social isolering samt omotiverad inställning till skolan som centrala orsaker till skolfrånvaro. Därtill lyfts riskfaktorer så som en otrygg skolmiljö och problem i hemmet fram som betydande hinder för elever att kunna delta i undervisningen. Känslor av utanförskap och svårigheter i sociala relationer bidrar till att elever undviker skolan. Samtidigt uttrycker eleverna att skyddsfaktorer som relationer till trygga vuxna och anpassningar i undervisningen kan göra skolan mer hanterbar och meningsfull. Slutsats: Problematisk skolfrånvaro är ett komplext fenomen som påverkas av flertalet faktorer. En trygg och stödjande skolmiljö med meningsfull undervisning och goda lärarrelationer kan ses förebygga skolfrånvaro. Elevens egna perspektiv bör integreras i utformningen av insatser för att skapa mer effektiva och relevanta stödåtgärder. Slutligen kan skolfrånvaro ses som ett folkhälsoproblem i samhället som kräver fortsatt forskning och en tvärsektoriell samverkan mellan olika samhällsaktörer.

Abstract [en]

Introduction: Problematic school absenteeism is a growing public health issue that negatively affects the health and prospects of children and adolescents. Despite increased attention, students’ own perspectives are often missing in the research. Aim: To examine the causes of problematic school absenteeism based on students’ own experiences, and to identify factors that promote school attendance. Method: A structured literature review based on 20 original scientific articles was conducted. The articles were selected through systematic searches in SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Academic Search Premier, which cover both health and educational sciences. The search terms used were: "school absentee" AND "student" AND "factor"*. Systematic text condensation was used to analyze empirical material. Results: Students’ perspectives describe emotional difficulties such as mental health issues, social isolation, and a lack of motivation toward school as central causes of absenteeism. Additionally, risk factors such as an unsafe school environment and problems at home are highlighted as significant obstacles preventing students from participating in education. Feelings of exclusion and difficulties in social relationships contribute to students avoiding school. At the same time, students express those protective factors, such as relationships with trusted adults and adjustments in teaching, can make school more manageable and meaningful. Conclusion: Problematic school absenteeism is a complex phenomenon influenced by multiple factors. A safe and supportive school environment with meaningful instruction and strong teacher relationships can help prevent absenteeism. The student’s own perspective should be integrated into the design of interventions to create more effective and relevant support measures. Finally, school absenteeism can be viewed as a public health issue in society that requires continued research and cross-sector collaboration among various societal actors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 32, 17, 1
Keywords [en]
School absenteeism, students, risk factors, protective factors, experiences, and school and family environments
Keywords [sv]
Skolfrånvaro, elever, riskfaktorer, friskfaktorer, upplevelser samt skol-och familjemiljöer
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-25358OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-25358DiVA, id: diva2:1977708
Subject / course
Public Health Science
Educational program
Public Health Sciences
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-26 Created: 2025-06-26 Last updated: 2025-09-29Bibliographically approved

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