Högskolan i Skövde

Diet plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in modulating inflammation, a key factor in various chronic diseases. While several studies have explored the relationship between diet and disease, the complexity of this topic demands more extensive investigation. This study aims to examine the impact of seafood-rich diet, focusing on the fatty acid content, in modulating inflammation.

The dietary intervention was similar to a Mediterranean diet, emphasizing unsaturated fats while minimizing saturated fats. Seafood and fish was prioritized as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Blood biomarkers, including homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, C-reactive protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were analyzed before and after diet. Folate and vitamin B12 levels had increased significantly after diet, with folate increasing by 11.5 nmol/L (54% increase) and vitamin B12 by 37.25 pmol/L (9.99% increase). However, triglyceride levels experienced significant reduction by 0.32 mmol/L (29.5% decrease). Amino acid analysis indicated no significant changes. Gene expression analysis of interleukin-18, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was hindered by data contamination, precluding further interpretation. Tumor necrosis factor gene expression revealed no significant differences. However, the significant increase in vitamin B12 and folate levels stays an important discovery. Both molecules play essential roles in a pathway aimed at reducing homocysteine levels, which is associated with inflammation. This finding underscores the potential of seafood-rich diet in preventing inflammation. Additionally, the study lays groundwork for potential improvements in dietary guidelines as a preventative strategy against inflammatory diseases.