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Multimodal fine-grained grocery product recognition using image and OCR text
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. ITAB Shop Products AB, Jönköping, Sweden ; Jönköping University, Sweden. (Virtual Production Development (VPD))ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8880-7965
Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Jönköping University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2900-9335
Department of Computing, Jönköping University, Sweden.
2024 (English)In: Machine Vision and Applications, ISSN 0932-8092, E-ISSN 1432-1769, Vol. 35, no 4, article id 79Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Automatic recognition of grocery products can be used to improve customer flow at checkouts and reduce labor costs and store losses. Product recognition is, however, a challenging task for machine learning-based solutions due to the large number of products and their variations in appearance. In this work, we tackle the challenge of fine-grained product recognition by first extracting a large dataset from a grocery store containing products that are only differentiable by subtle details. Then, we propose a multimodal product recognition approach that uses product images with extracted OCR text from packages to improve fine-grained recognition of grocery products. We evaluate several image and text models separately and then combine them using different multimodal models of varying complexities. The results show that image and textual information complement each other in multimodal models and enable a classifier with greater recognition performance than unimodal models, especially when the number of training samples is limited. Therefore, this approach is suitable for many different scenarios in which product recognition is used to further improve recognition performance. The dataset can be found at https://github.com/Tubbias/finegrainocr.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024. Vol. 35, no 4, article id 79
Keywords [en]
Grocery product recognition, Multimodal classification, Fine-grained recognition, Optical character recognition
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics Computer graphics and computer vision Natural Language Processing
Research subject
Virtual Production Development (VPD)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23933DOI: 10.1007/s00138-024-01549-9ISI: 001243616100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85195555790OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-23933DiVA, id: diva2:1867571
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 2020-0044Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), 2018-05973Swedish Research CouncilUniversity of Skövde
Note

CC BY 4.0

Tobias Pettersson tobias.pettersson@itab.com

The authors would like to thank ITAB Shop Products AB and Smart Industry Sweden (KKS-2020-0044) for their support. The machine learning training was enabled by resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at C3SE, partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973.

Open access funding provided by University of Skövde

Available from: 2024-06-10 Created: 2024-06-10 Last updated: 2025-12-15Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Product Recognition with OCR Text: Advancing Grocery Product Recognition through Robust Approaches, Fine-Grained Recognition, and Domain Adaptation for Real-Time Performance
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Product Recognition with OCR Text: Advancing Grocery Product Recognition through Robust Approaches, Fine-Grained Recognition, and Domain Adaptation for Real-Time Performance
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The physical retail sector faces challenges in improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing customer experience. Over the past decade, companies have introduced product recognition technology solutions to improve checkout efficiency, inventory management, and fraud detection. However, most initiatives have struggled to scale or achieve sufficient accuracy due to the complex nature of physical retail, which includes a large number of products that continuously change, as well as varied environmental conditions. In parallel, academic research has tackled many of these challenges by providing datasets and new methods to improve recognition performance, but considerable challenges persist.

This thesis addresses three main challenges in grocery product recognition: robust recognition, recognition of visually similar products, and domain adaptation between different retail systems. To address these challenges, the work centers on the use of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to extract textual information found on product packaging for product recognition. With extensive experiments and the creation of a dataset, the results show that OCR-based methods for product recognition can improve recognition robustness, enable more accurate differentiation between similar products, and also work across different retail systems.

Therefore, the main contribution of this thesis is the development and validation of these OCR text-based methods and approaches, specifically designed to address the requirements in physical retail.

Abstract [sv]

Den fysiska detaljhandeln står inför utmaningar med att förbättra den operativa effektiviteten, sänka kostnader och stärka kundupplevelsen. Under det senaste decenniet har företag introducerat lösningar baserade på produktigenkänningsteknik för att effektivisera kassaprocesser, förbättra lagerhantering och upptäcka bedrägerier. De flesta initiativ har dock haft svårt att skala upp eller uppnå tillräcklig noggrannhet på grund av detaljhandelns dynamiska natur, som kännetecknas av ett stort och ständigt föränderligt produktsortiment samt skiftande butiksmiljöer. Parallellt har akademisk forskning adresserat många av dessa utmaningar genom att tillhandahålla datamängder och nya metoder för att förbättra igenkänningsprestandan, men betydande utmaningar kvarstår.

Denna avhandling adresserar tre huvudsakliga utmaningar inom produktigenkänning i dagligvaruhandeln: robust igenkänning, finmaskig igenkänning av visuellt liknande produkter samt domänanpassning mellan olika retailsystem. För att hantera dessa utmaningar fokuserar arbetet på att använda optisk teckenläsning (OCR) för att extrahera textinformation från produktförpackningar för produktigenkänning. Genom omfattande experiment och skapandet av en datamängd visar resultaten att OCR-baserade metoder kan förbättra robustheten i igenkänningen, möjliggöra mer noggrann differentiering mellan produkter samt fungera över olika retailmiljöer.

Avhandlingens huvudsakliga bidrag är utvecklingen och valideringen av metoder och tillvägagångssätt för produktigenkänning med text från OCR som möter de unika kraven inom den fysiska detaljhandeln.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Skövde: University of Skövde, 2025. p. xv, 140
Series
Dissertation Series ; 67
National Category
Computer graphics and computer vision Natural Language Processing Artificial Intelligence
Research subject
Virtual Production Development (VPD)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-26062 (URN)978-91-989080-7-7 (ISBN)978-91-989080-8-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2026-01-23, ASSAR Industrial Innovation Arena, Kavelbrovägen 2B, 541 36, Skövde, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

PUBLICATIONS WITH LOW RELEVANCE [se även rubriken Delarbeten/List of papers]

7. Puneet Mishra, Aneesh Chauhan, and Tobias Pettersson. “Seeing through plastics: A novel combination of NIR hyperspectral imaging and spectral orthogonalization for detecting fresh fruit inside plastic packaging to support automated barcode less checkouts in supermarkets”. In: Food Control 150 (2023), p. 109762.

8. Faeze Zakaryapour Sayyad, Tobias Pettersson, Seyed Jalaleddin Mousavirad, Irida Shallari, and Mattias O’Nils. “AdAPT: Advertisement detector adaptation under newspaper domain shift with null-based pseudo-labeling”. In: Machine Learning with Applications (2025), p. 100806.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlwa.2025.100806.

Available from: 2025-12-15 Created: 2025-12-12 Last updated: 2026-03-09Bibliographically approved

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Pettersson, TobiasRiveiro, Maria

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