The present systematic review examined the effects of chronic stress on functional brain connectivity across studies utilizing resting-state and taskbased fMRI approaches. Overall, the findings suggest that chronic stress is associated with widespread alterations in neural connectivity, particularly within fronto–limbic circuits, thalamic and salience-processing systems, hippocampal networks, and large-scale brain systems involved in emotional regulation and cognitive control. Collectively, the reviewed studies indicate that chronic stress may disrupt the balance between neural systems responsible for emotional processing, salience detection, executive functioning, and adaptive recovery from stress.