Högskolan i Skövde

Background: Previous research has shown that the Swedish speaking minority in Finland has slightly but significantly better health compared with the Finnish speaking majority. However, a clear explanation for this is lacking. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore differences of perceived health comparing three groups: Swedish speakers with reported dominance of Swedish also in the preceding generation; contemporary Finnish speakers with reported dominance of Finnish in the preceding generation and a group with a reported mixed-language structure of Finnish and Swedish between generations. Individuals and methods: Health and Social Support is an on-going population-based survey initiated in 1998 (N = 64,797), aimed at working-age adults. The present study is based on the 2012 follow-up survey, which included a question on the dominating language (Swedish or Finnish) of the respondents and their parents. The outcome was perceived health, which in this study was dichotomized to very good/good and intermediate/poor/very poor. The statistical analysis was carried with logistic regression, using SAS software. Age, gender and occupational training were included as covariates in the multivariable analysis. Results: This study found that the Swedish-speaking group in Finland report better perceived health compared with the Finnish-speaking group (odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.57, p < 0.001). The health of the mixed language-speaking group fell between the other two groups. Conclusions: The results gave some support to a culturally mediated mechanism for the health advantage of Swedish speakers. Cultural features of Swedishspeaking groups in Finland may also support health promotion of the Finnish-speaking majority.

This study aims to generate a flexible competence framework that enables the digital and social inclusion of students through teacher training. In order to understand the needs of the teaching staff, both focus groups and interviews were used in a qualitative framework. A total of 6 focus groups with the participation of 29 educators were carried out, as well as 23 semi-structured individual interviews. The research work involved teachers from several countries: Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Fifty-two teachers participated in the fieldwork. The data obtained from the interviews and focus groups were analyzed based on five dimensions: everydayness, temporality, spatiality, intersubjectivity and vulnerability. The results indicate deficits linked to the digital and social competences of teachers, which are addressed with the design of the FLEXI-COMP competence framework that includes different levels and is articulated based on knowledge and skills in three dimensions: basic digital competences, advanced digital competences and specific competences for working with vulnerable students. These dimensions are divided into 8 areas, developed in turn into 26 specific competences. This competence framework has been implemented in online training courses for teachers in different countries by applying podcasting, gaming and microlearning as learning strategies. This competence framework proposal is considered an innovation by combining the explicit digital dimension with the inclusion of soft competences, in accordance with the emerging demands of the fieldwork. Based on existing frameworks, teachers have been involved to become agents of change with their students, paying more attention to infodemically vulnerable students. The teachers who participated in the training highlighted the promotion of creativity, collaborative intelligence and the use of digital resources as key elements. The combination of digital and social competences of the competence framework responds to the demands detected and its flexibility of methods guarantees a wide replicability. This study allows advancing on the needs of educators in relation to digital competences, both instrumental and those related to soft skills.

Este estudio persigue generar un marco de competencias flexible que permita la inclusión digital y social del alumnado. La metodología cualitativa con una muestra de educadores de Italia, España, Suecia y Reino Unido indagó sobre necesidades docentes a través de 6 grupos de discusión y 23 entrevistas personales individuales. Los resultados orientan sobre déficits vinculados a las competencias digitales y sociales de docentes a las que se trata de dar respuesta con el diseño de un marco competencial estructurado en 3 dimensiones, 8 áreas y 26 competencias, aplicado posteriormente a través de cursos formativos online a docentes. El profesorado que realizó la formación destaca como claves la promoción de la creatividad, la inteligencia colaborativa y el uso de recursos digitales. La combinación de competencias digitales y sociales del marco competencial responde a las demandas detectadas y su flexibilidad de métodos garantiza una amplia replicabilidad.

Burn injuries are most certainly stressful events, particularly when permanent disfigurement is a result. This situation can lead to the onset of irrational beliefs which can in turn lead to long-term psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, shame, guilt, posttraumatic stress, etc. The objective of this study is to explore the irrational beliefs among burn patients and its correlates in an Iranian sample. This cross-sectional study included 329 patients who had experienced disfigurement, as result of burn injuries. In order to assess irrational beliefs, a Scale for Irrational Thoughts after Burning was used. To identify correlated variables with irrational beliefs, both bivariate and multivariate analysis methods were conducted. In multivariate linear regression, forward strategy was used for building the model. The results of bivariate analysis showed that the location of the burn on bodies (body parts generally exposed in social environment or parts culturally perceived as sensitive areas of body), marital status, urbanities, age group, geographical areas, etiology of burning, and intent of injury had significant relationships with irrational beliefs (P < .05). Using forward linear regression, gender, marital status, geographical areas, etiology of burning, body burn by location (body parts generally exposed in social environment or parts culturally perceived as sensitive areas of body), and intent of injury had significant correlation with irrational beliefs. The models predicted 15.5% (P < .001) of irrational beliefs. Considering to irrational beliefs and development of facilities for screening is necessary. Moreover, consultation with mental health experts after burn injuries is highly recommended. 

This study investigates how timing of the introduction of unpleasant emotional tone in a traffic safety video impacts the intensity of the viewer?s emotional experience. Traffic safety advertising is a multi-million-dollar business in the United States. In many instances, 30?60?s ads are produced to raise awareness of the consequences of unsafe behaviors with the expectation that simply providing information will motivate safer behaviors. Producing videos intended to generate behavior change requires a complex understanding of what motivates behavior. Behavior change theory, neuroscience, and psychophysiology all provide guidance to improve the persuasive power of traffic safety videos. This study consisted of a 3 (message tone)???3 (video)???4 (order) repeated measures within subjects designed experiment. Participants (N?=?75) were 20?30-year-old men who were shown nine traffic safety videos. Arousal intensity, attention, and negative emotion were tracked with the psychophysiological measures of skin conductance (measuring intensity of arousal), heart rate (measuring attention paid during the video), and corrugator muscle activation (measuring the negative emotional experience). Videos with three different aversive tones were used, low, high, and videos in which the tone switched from low to high aversive. Aversive tone is defined as stimuli that motivate a desire to escape or avoid something like death or pain. All videos were designed to prevent motor vehicle crashes. The results obtained from this study indicate that when attempting to persuade males aged 20?30 to practice safer driving behaviors, switched message tone appears to be the most effective message design in terms the intensity of emotional arousal and maintenance of attention.

Background: Despite the popularity of the sport, few studies have investigated community-level football injury patterns. This study examines football injuries treated at emergency medical facilities using data from three Swedish counties.

Methods: An open-cohort design was used based on residents aged 0-59 years in three Swedish counties (pop. 645 520). Data were collected from emergency medical facilities in the study counties between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2010. Injury frequencies and proportions for age groups stratified by sex were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and displayed per diagnostic group and body location.

Results: Each year, more than 1/200 person aged 0-59 years sustained at least one injury during football play that required emergency medical care. The highest injury incidence was observed among adolescent boys [2009 injuries per 100 000 population years (95% CI 1914-2108)] and adolescent girls [1413 injuries per 100 000 population years (95% CI 1333-1498)]. For female adolescents and adults, knee joint/ligament injury was the outstanding injury type (20% in ages 13-17 years and 34% in ages 18-29 years). For children aged 7-12 years, more than half of the treated injuries involved the upper extremity; fractures constituted about one-third of these injuries.

Conclusions: One of every 200 residents aged 0-59 years in typical Swedish counties each year sustained a traumatic football injury that required treatment in emergency healthcare. Further research on community-level patterns of overuse syndromes sustained by participation in football play is warranted.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a scale for assessing irrational thoughts among burned patients. The present study was mixed (qualitative-methodologic) which was performed in several stages such as investigating similar or related scales, interviewing with patients and psychologists. Content validity was calculated by modified KAPPA basis on relevance and clarity. The reliability of the scale was measured using internal consistency and the test-retest method. To determine the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis approach using maximum likelihood extraction with varimax rotation was conducted. A total of 329 burned patients were recruited from Tehran, Tabriz, and Kermanshah provinces of Iran. Modified kappa scores were 0.80 and 0.91 for relevance and clarity of the items included in scale. The Cronbach alpha for overall scale, subscale 1, and subscale 2 were 0.89, 0.88, and 0.8, respectively. Test-retest reliability was also acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80). The best solution from the maximum likelihood analysis of the 39 items of the scale revealed two factors corresponding to the two subscales with 14 items that subscale 1 (self-acceptance) consisted of 10 statements accounting for 60% of the variance (eigenvalue = 5.04) and subscale 2 (distastefulness and pity) consisted of four statements accounting for 40% of the variance (eigenvalue = 1.53). The scale reflects acceptable levels of validity and reliability in assessing the irrational thoughts among Iranian patients. Moreover, the testing populations of both patients with burned faces and patients with other burned body parts indicates that the scale may also be applicable for patients' burn disfigurements on any part of their bodies.