Högskolan i Skövde

Juiciness does not have a widespread understanding in both the games industry and academia. By using several sources from the industry and formal research on game feel, juiciness, and cognitive theory, the function of juiciness was found to be a multimodal learning tool which focuses on feedback, clarity and coherency within a game. The design of juiciness involves the tasks of Game Characteristics Alignment, Game State Integration, and Direct Feedback Design. By using several sources as a foundation, a definition was created that can be better used in a broad development context which aims to reduce confusion on what juiciness is so it can be better communicated between disciplines. In order to validate that juiciness is serving its function, the player experience and presence was measured via a mix of standardized questions from known questionnaires together with specific questions for the juiciness and game. The impact of the juiciness on the experience was clear and problematic areas was identified. This results in an iterative process which becomes part of the game development process.

OBJECTIVE: Autophagy is a fundamental biological pathway with vital roles in intracellular homeostasis. During autophagy, defective cargoes including mitochondria are targeted to lysosomes for clearance and recycling. Recessive truncating variants in the autophagy gene EPG5 have been associated with Vici syndrome, a severe early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with extensive multisystem involvement. Here, we aimed to delineate the extended, age-dependent EPG5-related disease spectrum.

METHODS: We investigated clinical, radiological, and molecular features from the largest cohort of EPG5-related patients identified to date, complemented by experimental investigation of cellular and animal models of EPG5 defects.

RESULTS: Through worldwide collaboration, we identified 211 patients, 97 of them previously unpublished, with recessive EPG5 variants. The phenotypic spectrum ranged from antenatally lethal presentations to milder isolated neurodevelopmental disorders. A novel Epg5 knock-in mouse model of a recurrent EPG5 missense variant featured motor impairments and defective autophagy in brain areas particularly relevant for the neurological disorders in milder presentations. Novel age-dependent neurodegenerative manifestations in our cohort included adolescent-onset parkinsonism and dystonia with cognitive decline, and myoclonus. Radiological features suggested an emerging continuum with brain iron accumulation disorders. Patient fibroblasts showed defects in PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagic clearance and α-synuclein overexpression, indicating a cellular basis for the observed neurodegenerative phenotypes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, EPG5 knockdown caused motor impairments, defective mitophagic clearance, and changes in mitochondrial respiration comparable to observations in C. elegans knockdown of parkinsonism-related genes.

INTERPRETATION: Our findings illustrate a lifetime neurological disease continuum associated with pathogenic EPG5 variants, linking neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders through the common denominator of defective autophagy. ANN NEUROL 2025;98:932-950.

The invasive Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, poses an increasing ecological risk in Swedish waters, prompting the need for effective detection methods. This study aimed to detect E. sinensis using environmental DNA extracted from controlled aquarium setups and field sediment samples from Lake Vänern, employing both qPCR and Nanopore sequencing. Effectiveness of water and sediment as matrices for recovery and detection of E. sinensis eDNA was evaluated. Aquarium experiments revealed unpredictable variability in DNA concentrations due to complex DNA dynamics likely influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Water samples consistently showed higher DNA concentrations, potentially influenced by the sediment type and the agitation performed before sampling, and better qPCR detection rates compared to sediment samples. Although sediment yielded less DNA here, it remains promising as a complementary matrix because DNA can adsorb to particles and persist, potentially integrating signals over longer periods; with optimized extraction and inhibitor mitigation, sediment may improve site-level detectability. Although Nanopore sequencing demonstrated substantial potential for eDNA analysis due to its portability and PCR-free approach, limitations were observed, including low data output, classification errors, and dependency on high-quality, comprehensive reference databases. The qPCR approach emerged as a more reliable, practical, and cost-effective method for targeted E. sinensis detection. Field sampling, performed in known hotspots during the low-activity spring season did not yield any definitive detections with either method. Future research should focus on optimizing sample processing, improving reference databases, and exploring more sensitive and specific molecular detection technologies.

Many real-world machine learning classification problems suffer from imbalanced training data, where the least frequent label has high relevance and significance for the end user, such as equipment breakdowns or various types of process anomalies. This imbalance can negatively impact the learning algorithm and lead to misclassification of minority labels, resulting in erroneous actions and potentially high unexpected costs. Most previous oversampling methods rely only on the minority samples, often ignoring their overall density and distribution in relation to the other classes. In addition, most of them lack in the oversampling method’s explainability. In contrast, this paper proposes a novel oversampling method that considers a subspace of the feature-set for the creation of synthetic minority samples using nonlinear optimization of a class-sensitive objective function. Suitable subspaces for oversampling are identified through a Bayesian reinforcement strategy based on Dirichlet smoothing, which may be useful for explainable-AI. An empirical comparison of the proposed method is performed with 10 existing techniques on 18 real-world datasets using two traditional machine learning classifiers and four evaluation metrics. Statistical analysis of cross-validated runs over the 18 datasets and four metrics (i.e. 72 experiments) reveals that the proposed approach is among the best performing methods in 6 and 2 instances when using random forest classifier and support vector machine classifier, thus placing it at the top. The study also reveals that some feature combinations are more important than others for minority oversampling, and the proposed approach offers a way to identify such features.

Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes är ett växande globalt folkhälsoproblem. På grund av migration runt om i världen, av olika orsaker, möter den migrerande befolkningen stora hinder för att få tillgång till informativ och praktisk behandling av god kvalitet för sin tidigare dolda eller nyligen diagnostiserade typ 2-diabetes.

Syfte: Att beskriva hur migranter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 upplever hälso- och sjukvården i sitt nya hemland.

Metod: Metasyntes baserad på 6 artiklar med kvalitativ design.

Resultat: Fyra teman framkom från de inkluderade artiklarna: ekonomiska svårigheter och social isolering, bristande kunskap om sjukdomen typ 2-diabetes, emotionell stress inför nödvändiga livsstilsförändringar i samband med sjukdomen, kulturella och religiösa faktorer som hinder för livsstilsförändringar.

Slutsats: De ekonomiska svårigheter och isolering som migranter upplever, liksom bristen på gemenskap med andra befolkningsgrupper, bidrar till att sjukdomen överskuggas av andra, enligt deras uppfattning, viktigare problem. Den låga utbildningsnivån som de flesta har från sina ursprungsländer leder till att de tillgriper alternativa behandlingsmetoder, vilket ofta leder till permanenta skador på deras hälsa.

Objective: The couple’s relationship is affected by the transition to parenthood, but research findings are mixed,with some studies showing positive effects on the relationship and others indicating negative impacts. This studyaims to explore first-time mothers’ and their partners’ perceived quality of dyadic relationship (QDR36) duringpregnancy and the following eight years after childbirth as well as what factors that are associated with a higherQDR36.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study on 917 Swedish parents, with repeated questionnaires at:gestational week 25 (T1); first week after childbirth (T2); six months (T3); one year (T4); two years (T5); fouryears (T6), and eight years (T7) after childbirth. Non-parametric tests and Cohen’s effect size calculation wereconducted to analyze change over time in QDR36. Multiple linear regressions were carried out with index forQDR36 as dependent variable, at all time points (T1-T7).

Results: QDR36 varied over time among both first-time mothers and partners, showing an increase between T1and T2, followed by a decrease between each point in time. QDR36 was statistically lower at T7 compared to allother points in time (T1-T6). Variations were observed in the variables that were associated with a higher QDR36at different time points, however higher sense of coherence (SOC-13) and social support (MSPSS) were consis-tently associated.

Conclusion: First-time mothers and partners’ perceived quality of couple relationship declines the first eight yearsafter birth. To support them in their couple relationship, healthcare professionals should acknowledge parents’sense of coherence and social support.

The article aims to understand how changes in nurses' and physician's daily workcreate opportunities for distributed leadership outside formal managerial positions.The paper demonstrates ways in which nurses and physicians are engaged in dis-tributed leadership locally at primary care centers. The study involves in-depth in-terviews with nurses, physicians, and managers at Primary Care centers in Sweden.The study uncovers three basic mechanisms through which nurses and physiciansengage in distributed leadership. The study shows how the two groups differ in howthey are able to draw benefits from engaging in distributed leadership.

Bakgrund: Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor möter ofta på utmaningar i övergången från utbildning till yrkesliv, särskilt i att hantera stress och höga krav. Trots teoretiska och praktiska moment i utbildningen upplever många bristande förberedelse, vilket kan resultera i osäkerhet, stress och i vissa fall utbrändhet. Tillgång till stöd, välstrukturerade introduktionsprogram och effektiv handledning är avgörande. Forskning visar att en stabil arbetsmiljö med stödjande kollegor är viktig för både sjuksköterskors hälsa och patientsäkerhet.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen var att analysera orsaken till utbrändhet hos nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor.

Metod: En litteraturöversikt med både kvalitativa samt kvantitativa studier har analyserats enligt Fribergs modell för att ge en bred förståelse av nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av krav och utmaningar.

Resultat: Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors hälsa och förmåga att ge säker vård påverkas av faktorer på både individnivå och organisationsnivå. Utbrändhet framträder som hög nivå hos nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor vilket indikerar ett stort behov av förebyggande insatser. Stöd från erfarna kollegor och ett öppet arbetsklimat lyfts som avgörande skyddsfaktorer.

Konklusion: Patientsäkerhet är en hörnsten i vården. Genom strukturerad stöd och god arbetsmiljö kan sjuksköterskors lärande, trygghet och yrkesutveckling främjas, vilket i sin tur stärker patientens livskvalitet. Att satsa långsiktigt med fokus på arbetsmiljö och handledning är därför viktigt för att förebygga utbrändhet och främja en varaktig hållbar vårdpersonal.

Background

Access to social networks is uneven among parents, creating barriers to support. The role of social capital in relation to parental support remains underexplored. This study explored whether parents collaborate with other parents and associated factors.

Methods

The study is based on baseline data from a project evaluating the effects of a parental support program. Data were collected via a questionnaire to parents of children aged 3, 6, 9, and 14 in schools and preschools in a Swedish municipality. A total of 181 parents responded. Data were analysed using chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results

Nearly all participants (97.2%) talked to close contacts (family and friends), 63.3% to other personal contacts, and 57.6% to institutional actors (e.g. schools, child health centres, support groups) about their child/children. Of all participants, 77% reported usually collaborating or discussing with other parents about parenting challenges. A higher proportion of women, compared to men, reported collaborating with other parents (82.6% vs. 58.5%, p = 0.001). Native speaking parents were more likely than others to collaborate (80.2% vs. 64.1%, p = 0.038) and talk to personal contacts outside of family and friends (53.8% vs. 46.2%, p = 0.010). In adjusted analyses, being male remained a significant predictor of not collaborating with other parents (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-7.2), while the effect of native language was attenuated. Moreover, a larger number of social contacts was associated with a lower risk of not collaborating (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8).

Conclusions

Social networks are widely used by parents, but men and non-native speakers engage in such collaboration to a lesser extent. A larger social network is a protective factor, particularly for non-native speakers. As both men and non-native speaking parents can be harder to reach and might have a limited social capital, targeted efforts are needed to better engage and support these groups in parenting.

Key messages

• Most parents use social networks for support, but men and non-native speakers engage less - highlighting the need for targeted approaches in parental support initiatives.

• A larger social network reduces the risk of parental isolation, especially for non-native Swedish speakers - underlining the importance of strengthening parents’ social ties.

Denitrification is a key microbial process that completes the nitrogen cycle by reducing nitrate to dinitrogen gas. A critical intermediate step in this pathway is the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide, catalyzed by two non-homologous enzymes: copper nitrite reductase (NirK) and cytochrome cd₁ nitrite reductase (NirS). This process enables microbial respiration under oxygen-limited conditions and plays a vital role in both natural and engineered ecosystems. Given the ecological importance of denitrification, understanding the mobility of nir genes is essential, especially in environments subject to anthropogenic influence or rapid microbial turnover. To explore the potential for horizontal gene transfer, public databases of mobile genetic elements (MGEs)—including plasmids (IMG-PR), viruses (IMG-VR; PhageScope), and integrative/conjugative elements (ICEberg 3.0)—were systematically screened. The analysis focused on identifying instances of nirK and nirS within these MGEs, determining their host taxa, and evaluating their distribution across various biomes. Enrichment analysis was performed to detect overrepresentation in specific ecological contexts, particularly aquatic and engineered environments. Across all MGEs, nirK was consistently more prevalent than nirS, although both genes remained rare overall. Enrichment analysis revealed that nirK is disproportionately found in aquatic and engineered sub-biomes such as bioreactors, built environments, and industrial production systems. In contrast, nirS was largely confined to engineered niches. Example rates included approximately 1–3% nirK among plasmids from wastewater-related contexts, while nirS was detected at ≤0.1% overall, with occasional spikes in industrial settings. Viral nirK was observed sporadically in Caudoviricetes infecting Gammaproteobacteria, whereas nirS was not detected in any viral datasets surveyed. These findings support a model in which plasmids serve as the dominant vectors for nirK dissemination across taxonomically broad hosts and ecologically engineered niches, while nirS shows restricted mobility. This asymmetry in gene transfer potential has important implications for microbial community structure, process stability, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in managed ecosystems. Understanding the differential mobility of these genes can inform strategies to optimize nitrogen removal and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater treatment and other engineered environments.

Bakgrund: Trots att äldre generellt har en god psykisk hälsa är suicidtalen i Sverige högst bland personer äldre än 65. Sjuksköterskor inom hemsjukvård har en viktig roll att upptäcka psykisk ohälsa och bedöma suicidrisk. Depression, ensamhet och förlust är vanliga orsaker, men symtomen kan vara svåra att upptäcka. Bristande dokumentation och samordning kan försvåra det suicidpreventiva arbetet. Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt och samtal präglade av tillit är avgörande i mötet med suicidala patienter.

Syfte: Att belysa specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av suicidriskbedömning bland äldre patienter inom hemsjukvård.

Metod: Studien hade kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom fokusgruppsintervjuer med tio sjuksköterskor. Analysen följde Krueger och Caseys sexstegsmodell.

Resultat: Två huvudkategori framkom; utmaningar i mötet med patienter, med underkategorier Att våga fråga, tid för relationsskapande och akut omhändertagande, att tolka tecken. Den andra huvudkategorin var; organisatoriska utmaningar, med underkategorierna avsaknad av rutiner, eller rutiner som inte möjliga att följa, vikten av teamsamverkan, bristfällig utbildning.

Konklusion: Sjuksköterskors möte med suicidala patienter är emotionellt krävande och påverkas av organisatoriska hinder. Att våga fråga om suicid är centralt men svårt. Tid, närvaro och förståelse för patientens livsvärld är avgörande. Brist på utbildning och anhöriginvolvering försvårar det suicidpreventiva arbetet.

Bakgrund: Klimakteriet markerar slutet på kvinnors reproduktiva fas och kan ge fysiska och psykiska symtom som påverkar livskvaliteten. Kvinnor uttrycker ett behov av ett empatiskt och stödjande bemötande från vårdpersonal när de söker vård för sina besvär.

Syfte: Undersöka kvinnors erfarenhet av vårdens bemötande vid klimakteriebesvär inom öppenvården.

Metod: En kvantitativ enkätstudie med kvalitativa inslag genomfördes via Facebook sommaren 2025. Totalt besvarade 106 deltagare frågor om erfarenheter av vårdens bemötande. Data analyserades med deskriptiv och inferentiell statistik samt kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Resultat: Studien visade erfarenheter av en låg kunskapsnivå och bristande stöd från vårdpersonal gällande klimakteriet. Äldre deltagare rapporterade högre tillfredsställelse med bemötandet än yngre. Gynekologiska mottagningar skattades ha ett bättre bemötande än andra vårdinstanser. Den kvalitativa analysen identifierade kategorierna; brister i vårdpersonalens lyhördhet och respekt, vårdpersonal som saknar kunskap, omsorgsfullt och stödjande bemötande och känslan av att bli avfärdad och bortprioriterad.

Konklusion: Kvinnor har erfarenheter av att vårdpersonal har bristande bemötande och kunskap inom öppenvården när de sökt för klimakteriebesvär. Resultatet understryker bemötandes betydelse och behovet av ökad kompetens inom klimakterievården.

This thesis examines why female figures are frequently depicted as terrifying in horror games and how this effect is achieved through the use of symbolism, narrative, and mechanics. Drawing on Jung/Neumann, Kristeva, Butler, Eisler and Foucault, it develops a five-dimensional framework: Character Framing, Visual Representation, Socio-Cultural Resonance, Ritualized Violence and Player Interaction Mechanics, and applies it to Silent Hill 2 Remake (2024), Resident Evil Village (2021), The Evil Within(2014), Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly (2003), and Paper Dolls (2019-2020). Analyses show that female monstrosity condenses anxieties about maternal omnipotence, bodily permeability, and gender intelligibility, and that games proceduralize these anxieties by foreclosing dialogue and scripting expulsion. The framework spans cultural contexts and is refined by distinguishing between symbolic ritual (what worlds stage and justify) and procedural complicity (how players are compelled to enact it). The study clarifies how contemporary horror games re-stage patriarchal mechanisms of exclusion while making players perform them.

Bakgrund: När en förälder drabbas av allvarlig sjukdom påverkas hela familjen och barn riskerar att drabbas av oro, psykisk ohälsa och långsiktiga konsekvenser. Hälso- och sjukvårdslagen betonar barnets rätt till information, råd och stöd. Sjuksköterskor har en central roll i att ge individanpassad och åldersadekvat information samt att inkludera familjen i vården. Genom ett familjefokuserat omvårdnadsperspektiv kan sjuksköterskor bidra till ökad trygghet och delaktighet för barn som anhöriga.

Syfte: Undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta barn som anhöriga till en allvarligt sjuk förälder.

Metod: En induktiv ansats tillämpades där en empirisk kvantitativ metod kombinerades med kvalitativa inslag. Data analyserades med deskriptiv statistik och kvalitativ innehållsanalys på manifest nivå.

Resultat: Sjuksköterskor möter stora utmaningar i arbetet med barn som anhöriga, där brist på tid, riktlinjer och kunskap är centrala hinder. Samtidigt framhålls behov av utbildning, tvärprofessionellt samarbete och praktiska verktyg för att förbättra sjuksköterskors arbete i mötet med barn. Resultaten understryker vikten av organisatoriska resurser för att främja barns delaktighet och trygghet.

Konklusion: Studien visar att tydliga rutiner, utbildning och tvärprofessionellt samarbete är avgörande för att stärka sjuksköterskors förutsättningar att stödja barn som anhöriga.

Managing fever in febrile patients is vital for effective management, and this study sought to evaluate the emerging antipyretic options for the management of fever. A literature review was performed via electronic search in PubMed and Google Scholar, ultimately identifying 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria, comprising 7,865 patients from multiple regions. The studies included in this meta-analysis, each had the following characteristics: prospective cohort methodology, the effect size being odds ratios (OR), and a comparison of emerging antipyretic treatments and standard treatments. The pooled OR analysis with a random-effects model found that the new antipyretic manages fever better than traditional methods (pooled OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.30-1.75; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that there was a 1.8-times greater change in duration of fever (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.42-2.15) and a 1.5-times greater change in patient comfort level (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.30-1.70). These findings would suggest that new antipyretic therapies ought to be considered as part of a fever management protocol. Clinicians ought to consider these options for enhanced management of fever, particularly in critically ill patients. Future studies should provide data on longer-term safety and effectiveness, especially for vulnerable populations.

The human relationship with mortality has been widely studied in psychology, with extensive studies suggesting that death-related stimuli impact behavior even without reflective awareness. In recent decades, neuroimaging studies have yielded various contenders for brain regions underlying the online processing of death-related stimuli. To the best of our knowledge, we present here the first systematic review of these findings. We conducted a comprehensive search for studies where participants were presented with death-related and death-unrelated but negatively valenced (unpleasant) stimuli while undergoing functional brain imaging. We found seven functional magnetic resonance imaging studies with a total of 204 participants. Five of six within-group studies found that unpleasant stimuli consistently elicited increased insular activity, but only when it was unrelated to mortality. This novel finding—that insular deactivation alone marks the processing of death-related stimuli—suggests a critical difference between the neural processing of death-related and non-death related, unpleasant stimuli. We argue that preexisting explanatory frameworks fail to unite our results with findings on threat processing mechanisms in the insula or lack evolutionary plausibility. We present an alternative explanation: death might be unique in that it evades the insula's typical threat-assessment mechanisms.

Further research is needed to determine whether this neural signature is robust and what its function and consequences may be. A better understanding of how individuals process death-related information promises deeper insight into the human relationship with mortality, with significant implications for individuals and society, not least for mental health interventions and end-of-life care.

With the increase in complexity of industrial systems it becomes more and more challenging to make well-grounded decisions for system design and operation. Following the concept of Virtual Factories with Knowledge-Driven Optimization (VF-KDO), this paper proposes a graph database approach to support knowledge-driven and simulation-based optimization. With the mapping of a VF-KDO ontology to a graph database, competency questions that facilitate traceability, transparency, and group decision making can be answered. This is exemplified with an industrial use case and a scenario form academic education.

This thesis contains an experimental study on the virtual assembly of an electric vehicle battery box. Three strategies were tested for assembly to test the cycle time and the cobot utilization level. The strategies were a fully manual assembly in AR, a fully automated UR5 cobot assembly programmed in RoboDK, and an HRC assembly with Mixed reality using HoloLens in Unity. The joints were exported from RoboDK to Unity through a TCP server using Python. The results show that the manual assembly is the fastest. Considering other factors as cobot utilization and ergonomics, makes HRC a better-suited option for this project to remove harmful and repetitive moments for the human. The task allocation has two major components, where the box assembly is performed by the human and the fastening of the screws by the cobot. Many factors impacted the result, which leads to further research points to assess.

Adopt a Baby is a story-driven e-pet simulator that explores human beings' possessive and controlling nature in relation to objects or creatures. The story follows the player who adopts a creature called a "baby" and raises it, choosing whether to eat it when it grows up. The game's art style is Tamagotchi-inspired, its core gameplay mechanics will be based on audio interactions, and it will focus on possessiveness and control in the game's story text.

Introduktion: Arbetsrelaterad stress har blivit ett växande problem under de senaste decennierna för personal inom hälso- och sjukvård vilket påverkar medarbetarnas välbefinnande, produktivitet och sjukfrånvaro. Det har även noterats att stressrelaterade sjukskrivningar ökat mellan våren 2019 och våren 2024. Samtidigt som stressrelaterad ohälsa har ökat så har digitala hälsolösningar utvecklats och uppmärksammats som flexibelt stöd och kostnadseffektivt för att minska arbetsrelaterad stress.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva om och hur digitala verktyg kan hantera arbetsrelaterad stress hos vårdpersonal.

Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie som är baserad på 18 vetenskapliga artiklar som sedan analyserades med tematisk analysmetod.

Resultat: Resultatet visar att digitala verktyg i form av appar för mindfulness och meditation, webbaserade stresshanteringsprogram samt teknikstöd i form av AI i stor utsträckning visar sig vara effektiva mot arbetsrelaterad stress bland vårdpersonal. Däremot pekar resultatet på att interventionernas effekt kan förstärkas av faktorer som individanpassning, tillgänglighet, flexibilitet, följsamhet och psykologiskt stöd.

Slutsats: Resultatet visar på att digitala verktyg kan bidra till minskad arbetsrelaterad stress hos vårdpersonal och analys med JD-R modellen visar att digitala verktyg kan fungera som arbetsresurser. Det behövs dock fortsatt forskning på ämnet med längre uppföljningstider för att säkerställa långsiktiga effekter och optimal integration i arbetsmiljön.

Projektets syfte är att på ett metodiskt vis utveckla ett koncept i form av ett källsorteringssystem för inomhusbruk i flerbostadshus. Detta i samarbete med ett företag som äger hyresrätterna. Arbetet följer en process som består av hållbar produktutveckling samt metoden Design thinking. Metoden delades in i sex faser: empatisera, definiera, idé, prototpa, test samt vidareutveckling av koncept. Först utfördes en förstudie för att samla kunskap kring källsortering, lagar och hållbar utveckling. För att ta reda på krav och önskemål för en produkt av denna karaktär, utfördes enkätstudier, intervjuer och sedan observationer för att ge grund till beslut kring funktioner och övriga lösningar som bör implementeras. Det slutliga konceptet blev ett källsorteringssystem med sex kärl som anpassats utefter återanvändingsbara förpackningar som plast, metall, kartong, färgat och ofärgat glas, matavfall och restavfall. Samtliga kärl utom kartongkärlet har lock för att minska lukt och locken är avtagbara för att det ska finnas möjlighet att anpassa utformningen efter användarens individuella behov. Användaren kan sortera sitt avfall på ett och samma utrymme i hemmet för att underlätta hanteringen samt transporteringen till sopstationen.

Accurate sales forecasting is critical for effective planning and decision-making in retail, yet conventional statistical and machine learning models often overlook the value of human judgment. This thesis investigates the integration of human forecasts (HF) with model-based approaches in the context of weekly, multi-SKU sales data characterized by heterogeneous data availability. The study addresses two research questions: (1) to compare human forecasts with statistical and machine learning models trained on routinely available data, and (2) to assess whether simple, transparent human-in-the-loop (HITL) ensembles improve forecast accuracy relative to either humans or models alone.To this end, seven base models Exponential Smoothing (ETS), ARIMA, polynomial regression, Random Forest, Extra Trees, Histogram-based Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost were trained across three feature sets: (A) sales and derived features, (B) sales plus promotional information and prognosis leads, and (C) all features including human forecasts. Ensembles were designed by combining subsets of models with HF, incorporating promotion-gating rules and quantile-based weighting. Model and ensemble performance was evaluated using rolling-origin cross-validation with a strict temporal split into 26-week holdout, validation, and out-of-sample blocks. Metrics included MASE, RMSSE, MAE, RMSE, MAPE, ME, and pinball loss.The findings demonstrate that human forecasts provide valuable information but are not significantly biased across SKUs. HITL ensembles consistently reduced forecast error, particularly for products with sparse or irregular promotional histories, while preserving transparency and interpretability. This work contributes to the literature on judgmental forecasting by empirically showing when and how human judgment can be effectively integrated with data-driven methods, highlighting the practical potential of lightweight HITL designs for retail forecasting.

Introduction: Health-promoting telephone counselling is a growing but underexplored area of nursing, where district nurses (telenurses) play a key role in supporting patients' health and autonomy without physical presence. While this form of care is widespread, time constraints, emotional strain, and system limitations may challenge telenurses' ability to create meaningful, person-centred encounters. Gaining insight into how telenurses experience health-promoting interactions is essential for improving care quality and support systems. This study contributes new knowledge by exploring the lived experiences of telenurses in such encounters, offering perspectives that can inform education, policy, and practice development.

Aim: The study aim was to describe health-promoting encounters with patients in telephone counselling as experienced by telenurses.

Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological interview study, grounded in a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach, was conducted with 12 participants in western Sweden.

Findings: The findings comprise one key essence with three constituents. The essence of the phenomenon of health-promoting encounters with patients in telephone counselling as experienced by telenurses involves a moment of confirmation and the creation of a sense of security for the patient. The phenomenon is further described with all its variations and nuances through its three constituents: creation of mutual understanding and meaningfulness, attentiveness to patients in their context, and a calm conversation without stress.

Conclusion: The results in this study reveal that telenurses have an intention to create mutual understanding and a sense of security to achieve meaningfulness in the encounter with patients. Confirming the patient through attentive listening and being present in the encounter facilitates a holistic perspective based on the patient as a whole, which is in accordance with a person-centred approach. The results in this study contribute to knowledge in the area of health-promoting encounters with patients in telephone counselling, a topic with limited research.

The purpose of this study is to understand how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use intuitive decision-making in times of crisis. The study was conducted among retailing SMEs in Sweden. In total, 28 store managers were interviewed in 2021, while the COVID-19 pandemic was still ongoing. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic forms an important context for this paper. Theoretically, the paper draws on intuitive decision-making, complemented by literature on crisis and organisational resilience (OR). The study finds that intuitive decision-making was common, particularly at the beginning of the pandemic-with store managers employing creative and problem-solving approaches to intuitive decision-making. The study thereby contributes to research on intuitive decision-making in a crisis context as well as to an understanding of the resilience of stores.

Aims: To examine the association between the widely used social deprivation index, the Child Adjusted Care Need Index, and healthcare centres with a higher proportion of children with specific health risk factors monitored within the Swedish Child Health Services.

Methods: Data on health outcomes and index scores were obtained from the Swedish Child Health Services Register and grouped by healthcare centre. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between index scores and various health outcomes.

Results: The index partly explained the variation in the proportion of children exposed to second-hand smoke and those who failed language screening. However, associations between the index and the proportions of overweight, obese or non-breastfed children were weak.

Conclusions: The Child Adjusted Care Need Index may be useful in identifying centres with higher proportions of children at risk for second-hand smoke exposure and failures in language screening. However, it appears less effective in identifying centres with higher proportions of children at risk for overweight, obesity or not being breastfed. This calls for further research on the Child Adjusted Care Need Index and other sociodemographic factors that affect children's health in order to improve resource allocation, guided by the principles of proportionate universalism.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is divided into unmutated (UM-CLL) and mutated (M-CLL) subtypes depending on somatic hypermutation (SHM) frequency in their immunoglobulin heavy chain V (IGHV) region. We previously demonstrated that CD27^bright memory B cells (MBCs) are germinal center (GC)-dependent with higher mutation rate, whereas CD27^dull MBCs accumulate fewer mutations and originate independently from the GC. We conducted a meta-transcriptomic analysis on bulk RNA data from 116 individuals combining four CLL cohorts and healthy B cell subsets (naïve, CD27^dull and CD27^bright MBCs) to decipher the transcriptional and mechanistic functions of CLL subtypes. CD27^bright MBCs showed more transcriptional similarity to M-CLL rather than UM-CLL. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LPL, ZNF667 and ZNF667-AS1 are potential informative biomarkers for stratification of CLL subtypes. They are part of the mechanistic regulatory pathways of CLL pathology through cholesterol and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulation. We applied markers for the GC B-cell substages to map in silico the CLL cohorts to their potential GC B cell counterpart. UM-CLL represented transcriptional mimicry to an early intermediary GC substage whereas M-CLL mimicked later substages in the GC. This could potentially explain the IGHV mutational status of M-CLL as well as hypothesize that CLL subtypes could derive from a GC-dependent pathway.

Predictive maintenance is a central concept in the shift towards Industry 4.0. Accurately estimating the remaining useful life of a machine, or a machine component, is an important aspect of predictive maintenance. Deep learning models have previously been applied to this task with success. However, these models may not perform well for cases where training data is sparse. In these situations, the model should also provide some degree of uncertainty about its prediction to instill trust in the user. Hence, predictive models should accurately estimate their own uncertainty, in addition to providing correct predictions. In this paper, we propose up-sampling of sparse ballbar measurement data in order to generate adequate samples to train and evaluate deep neural networks. The inference is conducted with three different types of models, Monte Carlo Dropout, variational inference, and deep ensemble. The approaches are compared based on point prediction accuracy, and uncertainty quantification quality. It is found that both Monte Carlo Dropout and deep ensemble perform well in regards to predictive accuracy, with the deep ensemble consistently resulting in the best calibrated uncertainty estimation. 

Machine tools are essential to manufacturing for precise and efficient component production. With Industry 4.0, abundant machine condition data enables data-driven maintenance decisions. However, deploying condition-based maintenance solutions is challenging due to the diverse configurations of equipment, complex failure modes, and compatibility issues with the digital infrastructure. While machine tool health monitoring relies on detailed tests like Ballbar measurements, they consume valuable production time. To address these challenges, this article presents a human-centric development and deployment of a condition-based data-driven maintenance dashboard. The solution uses data from the controller system to improve machine tool testing in a Swedish heavy-duty vehicle powertrain facility.

Background: Sterile water injections have been demonstrated to effectively manage back pain experienced during labour with no side effects other than the administration pain. Abdominal labour pain differs to back pain in location and likely physiological derivation. It is not known if sterile water injections would be efficacious in the relief of abdominal labour contraction pain.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of sterile water injections to reduce abdominal labour contraction pain. Design: A two-arm superiority randomised placebo-controlled trial. Setting: A referral maternity hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Participants: Women in spontaneous or induced labour at term requesting analgesia.

Methods: Between April 2022 and November 2023 consenting participants were assigned (1:1) by an independently generated randomisation schedule to injections of either sterile water or saline placebo. The primary outcome was the difference between groups in self-reported visual analogue pain score at 30 min following allocated treatment. Secondary outcomes included use of pharmacologic analgesia following allocation. Analysis was by intention to treat.

Results: 160 women were randomised to sterile water injections (n = 81) or injections of saline placebo (n = 79). Seven participants withdrew prior to treatment. Primary outcome data was provided by 68 women (intervention) and 64 (placebo). The mean visual analogue scores at 30 min were: intervention: 52.13 mm (with 100 mm indicating worst conceivable pain) and placebo: 71.14 mm; mean difference: − 19.00 mm (95 % Confidence interval (CI) − 26.10 to − 11.91). Pain scores in the secondary repeated measures model at 60 min post treatment were (61.28 mm vs.76.15 mm) − 14.84 (95 % CI − 22.23 to − 7.46). There was no difference in pain scores at 90 min, use of other pharmacological analgesia, or maternal or neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion: Sterile water injections provided a statistically significant reduction in pain when compared to a placebo for up to 60 min following treatment. However, the use of other pharmacological analgesia such as epidural did not differ between groups.

Trial registration: The trial is registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12621001036808). Registration date 5/08/2021. First recruitment 29th April 2022.

Bakgrund och problem: Revision är avgörande för att säkerställa tillförlitlig finansiell information och därmed upprätthålla förtroendet i det ekonomiska systemet. Revisorer förväntas vara oberoende granskare, men utmanas av intressekonflikter, kommersiellt tryck och förändrade samhällskrav. Skandalen har skadat förtroendet för revisorskåren och aktualiserat frågan om revisorns roll, oberoende och ansvar.

Syfte och metod: Syftet är att undersöka hur revisorer främjar och bevarar förtroendet hos intressenter. Studien bygger på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma revisorer och analyseras utifrån tre teorier: förtroendeteorin, legitimitetsteorin och intressentteorin. En kvalitativ ansats har använts för att fånga revisorns erfarenheter och strategier.

Resultat: Studien visar att revisorers förtroendeskapande bygger på tre faktorer: kompetens, integritet och välvilja. Revision ses som ett verktyg för legitimitet både för företaget och revisorn. Kommunikativ förmåga och oberoende är avgörande i hanteringen av olika intressenters krav. Revisorer står inför etiska dilemman men strävar efter att upprätthålla objektivitet och trovärdighet även vid konflikter eller press.

Slutsats: Revisorns roll är komplex och kräver balans mellan närhet och objektiv distans. Genom etiskt ansvar, transparens och tydlig kommunikation kan revisorn skapa och bevara förtroende i ett allt mer krävande intressentlandskap. Studien visar att revisorernas samhällsroll är större än att enbart granska siffror, det handlar om att vara en garant för ordning, ansvar och förtroende.

This thesis investigates whether neural networks can classify sentiment in customer reviews and predict purchase intent from review text using the Yelp Open Dataset. The study compares three models: a TF-IDF plus linear baseline, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network with Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe) embeddings, and a fine-tuned DistilBERT transformer. Preprocessing includes text normalization through lower casing, emoji and URL removal, lemmatization, and contraction handling, as well as stratified train, validation, and test splits. Since the Yelp dataset does not provide intent labels, intent is constructed using a weak to-gold labeling strategy. Heuristic cue phrases generate weak labels at scale, and a subset is manually annotated using a Jupyter interface. Final labels prioritize gold annotations when available, otherwise using weak labels. Evaluation metrics include macro-F1 score, per-class confusion matrices, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC), precision-recall area under the curve (PR-AUC), and validation-based threshold calibration to address class imbalance in the intent prediction task. The results address the two primary research questions. For sentiment classification, the TFIDF baseline model achieved the highest performance, reflecting the strong lexical polarity present in many Yelp reviews. The LSTM with GloVe embeddings improved handling of local compositional features, such as contrast, but demonstrated inconsistency in the neutral class. DistilBERT exhibited a qualitative advantage in capturing nuanced phrasing. However, underlimited fine-tuning and unweighted loss functions, its micro-F1 score was lower than the baseline. This finding is consistent with existing literature, which suggests that additional tuning can enhance contextual models' performance, particularly for minority classes. For purchase intent prediction, all models performed well on explicit declarations. After threshold calibration, DistilBERT achieved the highest ranking quality and identified more no-intent cases compared to the other models.

This project focuses on the creation of a new machine portfolio for the company CIDAN Machinery Group. The purpose of the project was to increase the understanding of sheet metal processing machines regarding cognitive ergonomics. This was achieved by altering the form and color of the machines to conform to gestalt laws and color theory to improve upon the cognitive ergonomics of the design. The project began with a literature study regarding color attributes, cognitive ergonomics, affordance, color blindness and relevant ISO standards, among other things. Next, various research methods and analysis were performed, such as market research, design format analysis, function analysis and user study. The user study included interviews, observations and surveys. The interviews and observations focused on the user experience of the machines while the survey focused on the identification of machine components. The information that was gathered was then used to generate form aspects with the help of brainstorming and morphological matrix. A total of 12 concepts were generated which were evaluated with the help of concept screening and concept scoring to extract one final concept. From the literature study a color palette could be developed which was perceivable regarding color blindness. This palette was applied to the concept in a way where the workstations of machine operators and mechanics would be separated. Other aspects were applied that would communicate the function of the machine with the help of patterns. A CAD model of the concept was created which was then 3D printed. Both models were used to test the concept regarding identification of machine components and visibility at different light levels. The concept was found to increase users’ ability to identify the machine type while the palette was recognizable at every tested light level.

Tekniken idag har utvecklats mycket, denna studie fokuserar på robotar. Då specifikt på sociala robotar. Dessa robotar är utformade för att kunna interagera med människor på olika sätt och även kunna skapa sociala band. Dessa robotar används inom många olika sammanhang, som vården, skolor, och äldreomsorgen. Sociala robotar inom äldreomsorgen används för att exempelvis minska ensamhet, det finns även exempel på robotar som används för att påminna om att ta medicin. Inom skolor kan sociala robotar användas för undervisande syfte, genom att agera som hjälpmedel under lärandet. Det som denna studie fokuserat på är sociala robotar i kombination med digitala spel, med en målgrupp innefattade äldre personer (65–79 år). Syftet med denna studie var att fokusera på sociala robotar och digitala spel men även då med äldre personer som målgrupp, då det saknas forskning med just denna inriktning och målgrupp. Det som undersöktes i denna studie var “vilka möjligheter och utmaningar ser äldre personer med att använda sociala robotar i digitala spel?”. Denna studie syftade till att ge insikter om äldre personers uppfattningar kring sociala robotar i kombination med digitala spel. De metoder som användes i studien för att få fram den önskade datan, det var intervjuer och enkäter. Dessa två metoder analyserades även genom en tematisk analys, för att på så sätt hitta teman i datan. Resultatet visade att deltagarna var positiva till specifika användningsområden för sociala robotar i spel. De såg en potential för roboten att agera som en interaktiv spelkamrat eller coach som kan ge feedback och stöd för att förbättra spelandet. En avgörande förutsättning var att tekniken skulle vara enkel att använda och tillgänglig. Deras uppfattning om sociala robotar var blandade, det fanns ett intresse och nyfikenhet bland deltagarna för sociala robotar, men det fanns även en oro för sociala robotar och att de skulle ersätta den mänskliga kontakten. Detta visade att deltagarna värdesätter den mänskliga kontakten högt. Detta visar på att även om det finns ett intresse för sociala robotar och dess teknik, så värdesätts den mänskliga kontakten högt. Genom att använda sociala robotar som ett komplement till den mänskliga kontakten istället för att ersätta den, då kan det användas på ett sätt så att den mänskliga kontakten inte ersätts men inte heller att sociala robotar inte utvecklas. Detta är viktigt för att kunna möta de behov som deltagarna uttryckte, men också för att den tekniska utvecklingen för sociala robotar inte bör avstanna.

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of machine learning models on decentralized data, making it especially valuable in privacy-sensitive domains such as network intrusion detection. However, the distributed nature of FL exposes it to security threats, notably poisoning attacks from malicious clients, which can severely degrade model performance and compromise standard aggregation methods like Federated Averaging (FedAvg). In this work, we compare several aggregation strategies designed to mitigate such attacks. Specifically, we evaluate the baseline FedAvg, two state-of-the-art defenses, Fed-CORAL (Clustering for Outlier Rejection and Aggregation Logic) and Fed-Credit, and a novel defense method Fed-HERO (Hybrid Enhanced Robust Outlier-rejection). Experiments are conducted on the UNSW-NB15 intrusion detection dataset under a dynamic attack scenario that combines multiple rounds of label-flipping with a sustained sign-flipping attack. Our study shows that FedAvg suffers severe performance degradation under the attack, while Fed-CORAL, Fed-Credit, and Fed-HERO exhibit strong resilience. In particular, the proposed Fed-HERO approach, which integrates directional similarity analysis with a longterm reputation mechanism, effectively withstands the adversarial setting over 15 rounds while maintaining high accuracy.

Aim: This study described healthcare professionals' experiences of tasks that contribute to job satisfaction.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted.

Methods: Data were collected through a survey questionnaire with an open-ended question on job satisfaction. 5464 healthcare professionals responded to the questionnaire. Data were analysed through manifest qualitative content analysis.

Results: The theme ‘Enhancing healthcare professionals' job satisfaction through coherence, manageability, and meaningfulness’ emerged with the following five categories: Enhancing person-centred care, Enhancing education, mentorship, and patient communication, Enhancing active participation in organisational development and transformation, Enhancing multi-professional teamwork and collaborative care, and Enhancing rewards and support.

Conclusion: This study emphasises that job satisfaction among healthcare professionals depends on meaningful caring activities, a supportive work environment, and workplace resources. These factors boost resilience, reduce stress, and improve retention and patient care. A resource-based, salutogenic approach promotes both professional and personal well-being, fostering healthier, more effective healthcare environments.

Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.

This paper wrestles with how to manage prominent global transition challenges on local and regional scales to co-create a better world. It introduces an approach to managing navigation in wicked problems by expanding maneuverability to increase capacities to drive transformation in multi-actor decision spaces in the context of complex societal challenges. This demands a transdisciplinary engineering approach, where we propose using the concept of relational interfaces to enhance understanding across boundaries in shared problem spaces, providing a foundation for co-creation and collaboration over knowledge domains to enable transformational momentum and navigational capacity. A multiplicity of pressing issues on the global canvas urges action on local and regional scales. This paper draws on cases from regional healthcare system development, under demographic and resource-driven pressures in the Global North, and from regional energy transition planning, where diverse stakeholders require improved coordination for co-creation in the face of cultural, economic, and institutional disparities. Wicked problems often blind actors to their full scope unless addressed collaboratively. This paper emphasizes the need to surface the knowledge and experience of actors through visualizations and digital models, to foster openness and co-creation. Through enhanced understanding of how parts interact within the holistic system across silos, this is enabling actors to manage interfaces between contributions. The conclusions from the empirical cases show the potential of the identification and management of these interfaces to unlock profound change, fostering collaborative solutions to persistent societal challenges — a step toward co-creating a better world and a vital calling for future transdisciplinary engineers.