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  • 51.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Metabolic theory predicts animal self-thinning2017Inngår i: Journal of Animal Ecology, ISSN 0021-8790, E-ISSN 1365-2656, Vol. 86, nr 3, s. 645-653Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]
    1. The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts observed patterns in ecology based on metabolic rates of individuals. The theory is influential but also criticized for a lack of firm empirical evidence confirming MTE's quantitative predictions of processes, e.g. outcome of competition, at population or community level.
    2. Self-thinning is a well-known population level phenomenon among plants, but a much less studied phenomenon in animal populations and no consensus exists on what a universal thinning slope for animal populations might be, or if it exists.
    3. The goal of this study was to use animal self-thinning as a tool to test population-level predictions from MTE, by analysing (i) if self-thinning can be induced in populations of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and (ii) if the resulting thinning trajectories can be predicted from metabolic theory, using estimates of the species-specific metabolic rate of A. domesticus.
    4. I performed a laboratory study where the growth of A. domesticus was followed, from hatching until emergence as adults, in 71 cohorts of five different starting densities.
    5. Ninety-six per cent of all cohorts in the three highest starting densities showed evidence of self-thinning, with estimated thinning slopes in general being remarkably close to that expected under metabolic constraints: A cross-sectional analysis of all data showing evidence of self-thinning produced an ordinary least square (OLS) slope of −1·11, exactly that predicted from specific metabolic allometry of A. domesticus. This result is furthermore supported by longitudinal analyses, allowing for independent responses within cohorts, producing a mean OLS slope across cohorts of −1·13 and a fixed effect linear mixed effects models slope of −1·09. Sensitivity analysis showed that these results are robust to how the criterion for on-going self-thinning was defined. Finally, also as predicted by metabolic theory, temperature had a negative effect on the thinning intercept, producing an estimate of the activation energy identical to that suggested by MTE.
    6. This study demonstrates a direct link between the metabolic rate of individuals and a population-level ecological process and as such provides strong support for research that aims to integrate body mass, via its effect on metabolism, consumption and competition, into models of populations and communities.
    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 52.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Trophic links and the relationship between predator and prey body sizes in food webs2014Inngår i: Community Ecology, ISSN 1585-8553, Vol. 15, s. 54-64Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 53.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Berg, Sofia
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Division of Theoretical Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Emmerson, Mark
    School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
    Pimenov, Alexander
    Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland / Weierstrass Institute, Berlin, Germany.
    The context dependency of species keystone status during food web disassembly2015Inngår i: Food Webs, E-ISSN 2352-2496, Vol. 5, s. 1-10Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 54.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Dept of Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Berg, Sofia
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Div. of Theoretical Biology, Linköping Univ., Linköping, Sweden.
    Pimenov, Alexander
    Environmental Res. Inst., Univ. College Cork, Cork, Ireland / Weierstrass Inst., Berlin, Germany.
    Palmer, Catherine
    Environmental Res. Inst., Univ. College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
    Emmerson, Mark
    School of Biological Sciences, Queen's Univ. Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
    The reliability of R50 as a measure of vulnerability of food webs to sequential species deletions2015Inngår i: Oikos, ISSN 0030-1299, E-ISSN 1600-0706, Vol. 124, nr 4, s. 446-457Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 55.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Department of ecology, Swedish university of agricultural sciences, Sweden / Department of physics, chemistry and biology, Division of theoretical biology, Linköping university, Sweden.
    Berg, Sofia
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Department of physics, chemistry and biology, Division of theoretical biology, Linköping university, Sweden.
    Säterberg, Torbjörn
    Department of physics, chemistry and biology, Division of theoretical biology, Linköping university, Sweden.
    Hauzy, Céline
    Department of physics, chemistry and biology, Division of theoretical biology, Linköping university, Sweden / UPMC, Ecologie et evolution, France INRA, USC 2031 Ecologie des populations et communautés, France.
    Ebenman, Bo
    Department of physics, chemistry and biology, Division of theoretical biology, Linköping university, Sweden.
    Rare but Important: Perturbations to Uncommon Species Can Have a Large Impact on the Structure of Ecological Communities2017Inngår i: Adaptive Food Webs: Stability and Transitions of Real and Model Ecosystems / [ed] John C. Moore, Peter C. de Ruiter, Kevin S. McCann, Volkmar Wolters, Cambridge University Press, 2017, s. 324-341Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 56.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur.
    Cohen, Joel E.
    Carpenter, Stephen R.
    Food webs, body size, and species abundance in ecological community description2005Inngår i: Advances in Ecological Research, ISSN 0065-2504, E-ISSN 2163-582X, Vol. 36, s. 1-83Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 57.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Department of Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Ebenman, Bo
    Department of Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Effects of predator-prey body size ratios on the stability of food chains1998Inngår i: Journal of Theoretical Biology, ISSN 0022-5193, E-ISSN 1095-8541, Vol. 193, nr 3, s. 407-417Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 58.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kaartinen, Riikka
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Mattias
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bommarco, Riccardo
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Predictive power of food web models based on body size decreases with trophic complexity2018Inngår i: Ecology Letters, ISSN 1461-023X, E-ISSN 1461-0248, Vol. 21, nr 5, s. 702-712Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Food web models parameterised using body size show promise to predict trophic interaction strengths (IS) and abundance dynamics. However, this remains to be rigorously tested in food webs beyond simple trophic modules, where indirect and intraguild interactions could be important and driven by traits other than body size. We systematically varied predator body size, guild composition and richness in microcosm insect webs and compared experimental outcomes with predictions of IS from models with allometrically scaled parameters. Body size was a strong predictor of IS in simple modules (r(2)=0.92), but with increasing complexity the predictive power decreased, with model IS being consistently overestimated. We quantify the strength of observed trophic interaction modifications, partition this into density-mediated vs. behaviour-mediated indirect effects and show that model shortcomings in predicting IS is related to the size of behaviour-mediated effects. Our findings encourage development of dynamical food web models explicitly including and exploring indirect mechanisms.

  • 59.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Setzer, Malin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    A freshwater predator hit twice by effects of warming across trophic levels2015Inngår i: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 6, artikkel-id 5992Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 60.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Setzer, Malin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Pope, John G.
    Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
    Sandstrom, Alfred
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden.
    Addressing catch mechanisms in gillnets improves modeling of selectivity and estimates of mortality rates: a case study using survey data on an endangered stock of Arctic char2013Inngår i: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, ISSN 0706-652X, E-ISSN 1205-7533, Vol. 70, nr 10, s. 1477-1487Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Estimation of fish stock size distributions from survey data requires knowledge about gear selectivity. However, selectivity models rest on assumptions that seldom are analyzed. Departures from these can lead to misinterpretations and biased management recommendations. Here, we use survey data on great Arctic char (Salvelinus umbla) to analyze how correcting for entanglement of fish and nonisometric growth might improve estimates of selectivity curves, and subsequently estimates of size distribution and age-specific mortality. Initial selectivity curves, using the entire data set, were wide and asymmetric, with poor model fits. Removing potentially nonmeshed fish had the greatest positive effect on model fit, resulting in much narrower and less asymmetric selection curves, while attempting to take nonisometric growth into account, by using girth rather than length, improved model fit but not as much. Using simulations we show that correcting for both entanglement and size selectivity produces accurate estimates of mortality rates, while correcting for size selectivity only does not. Our study demonstrates an approach that increases the accuracy of estimates of fish size distributions and mortality rates from survey data.

  • 61.
    Kaneryd, Linda
    et al.
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Borrvall, Charlotte
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Berg, Sofia
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Curtsdotter, Alva
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Eklöf, Anna
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hauzy, Céline
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden / Laboratoire Ecologie et Evolution, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Münger, Peter
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Setzer, Malin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Säterberg, Torbjörn
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Ebenman, Bo
    Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Species-rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world2012Inngår i: Ecology and Evolution, E-ISSN 2045-7758, Vol. 2, nr 4, s. 858-874Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Global warming leads to increased intensity and frequency of weather extremes. Such increased environmental variability might in turn result in increased variation in the demographic rates of interacting species with potentially important consequences for the dynamics of food webs. Using a theoretical approach, we here explore the response of food webs to a highly variable environment.We investigate how species richness and correlation in the responses of species to environmental fluctuations affect the risk of extinction cascades. We find that the risk of extinction cascades increases with increasing species richness, especially when correlation among species is low. Initial extinctions of primary producer species unleash bottom-up extinction cascades, especially in webs with specialist consumers. In this sense, species-rich ecosystems are less robust to increasing levels of environmental variability than species-poor ones. Our study thus suggests that highly speciesrich ecosystems such as coral reefs and tropical rainforests might be particularly vulnerable to increased climate variability.

  • 62.
    Karlsson, David
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Uppskattning av nätselektivitet och populationsstruktur av sik (Coregonus spp) i Vättern2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 63.
    Karlsson, Susanna
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur.
    HARR (THYMALLUS THYMALLUS) I VÄTTERBÄCKARNA: En studie om samband mellan bottenfauna och harrens förekomst2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    harr
  • 64.
    Kollberg, Ida
    et al.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bylund, H.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Schmidt, A.
    Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany.
    Gershenzon, J.
    Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany.
    Björkman, C.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Temperature affects insect outbreak risk through tritrophic interactions mediated by plant secondary compounds2015Inngår i: Ecosphere, ISSN 2150-8925, E-ISSN 2150-8925, Vol. 6, nr 6, artikkel-id 102Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 65.
    Kotta, Jonne
    et al.
    Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Vanhatalo, Jarno
    Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Jänes, Holger
    Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia / Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    Orav-Kotta, Helen
    Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tallinn, Estonia.
    Rugiu, Luca
    Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Jormalainen, Veijo
    Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Bobsien, Ivo
    GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
    Viitasalo, Markku
    Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
    Virtanen, Elina
    Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
    Nyström Sandman, Antonia
    AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaeus, Martin
    AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Jonsson, Per R.
    Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden.
    Johannesson, Kerstin
    Department of Marine Sciences – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Strömstad, Sweden.
    Integrating experimental and distribution data to predict future species patterns2019Inngår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, artikkel-id 1821Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Predictive species distribution models are mostly based on statistical dependence between environmental and distributional data and therefore may fail to account for physiological limits and biological interactions that are fundamental when modelling species distributions under future climate conditions. Here, we developed a state-of-the-art method integrating biological theory with survey and experimental data in a way that allows us to explicitly model both physical tolerance limits of species and inherent natural variability in regional conditions and thereby improve the reliability of species distribution predictions under future climate conditions. By using a macroalga-herbivore association (Fucus vesiculosus - Idotea balthica) as a case study, we illustrated how salinity reduction and temperature increase under future climate conditions may significantly reduce the occurrence and biomass of these important coastal species. Moreover, we showed that the reduction of herbivore occurrence is linked to reduction of their host macroalgae. Spatial predictive modelling and experimental biology have been traditionally seen as separate fields but stronger interlinkages between these disciplines can improve species distribution projections under climate change. Experiments enable qualitative prior knowledge to be defined and identify cause-effect relationships, and thereby better foresee alterations in ecosystem structure and functioning under future climate conditions that are not necessarily seen in projections based on non-causal statistical relationships alone.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 66.
    Landgren, Malin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Drakblomman: En studie om miljöfaktorers inverkan på artens förekomst i stäppartade torrängar2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Den sällsynta nordiska drakblomman (Dracocephalum ruyschiana) är en hotad och fridlyst art som växer framförallt på stäppartade torrängar belägna i Västra Götaland, Ulricehamn och Falköpings kommuner. Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götaland har som ambition att bevara och gynna drakblomman för att främja det svenska miljömålet om ett rikt växt-och djurliv samt en biologisk mångfald för att nå hållbar utveckling. Studien är tänkt att fungera som ett underlag eller ett hjälpmedel i bevarandearbetet med drakblomman. Studien syftar till att undersöka vad som påverkar artens förekomst i de stäppartade torrängarna genom att analysera flera miljö- och klimatfaktorer. Faktorer som undersökts är förekomsten av humlor, blomrikedom och avstånd till andra drakblommelokaler. En litteratursammanfattning har även genomförts som sammanställer tidigare forskning i ämnet. Analyserna har utförts i kartprogrammet QGIS 3.20.3 Odense och statistiskt testats i statistikprogrammet Rstudio version 1.4.1717 för Mac OS. Studiens resultat visar att antalet drakblommor är högre i områden där humlor observerats, vilket indikerar på att det kan finnas ett samband. Det finns ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan drakblommans förekomst och graden blomrikedom som visar att drakblomman i högre utsträckning finns på lokaler med övrigt örtrik torrängsflora. Resultatet kan inte fastslå att det finns ett samband mellan artens förekomst och avstånd till andra drakblommelokaler, däremot konstateras det att lokalerna överlag ligger nära varandra. Studiens resultat indikerar på att det är viktigt att gynna humlors förekomst genom att inkludera gynnsam skötsel för övrig örtrik flora i drakblommans skötselåtgärder för att långsiktigt gynna artens överlevnad.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 67.
    Larsson, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur.
    Finns det något samband mellan stormusslors (unionoida) föryngring och utsläpp i närheten av dess levnadsmiljö?: en jämförelse mellan vattendrag i Västra Götaland2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Common species of freshwater mussels may, like the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) have a drastic decline in number and there is several reasons, like sedimentation, a decline of host fishes, introduction of alien species, nutrition leakages from agriculture and pollutants of medic drugs and poison. Ann Gustavsson made in the year of 2007 a study over rejuventation of freshwater great mussels in nine watersystems and considered that the rejuventation within the populations were all along the line poor. This study orients from her work and points to determine if there is a connection between the poor juventation and pollution of nitrogen and phosphorous from industries and private sanitations. The study was performed with the software program ArcGIS9.2 to take out drainage areas for the concerned habitats and contact was made with the concerned authoritys. When it comes to supervision of private sanitations is it the countys and for industries is it the county administrative board. Most of the countys had a very difficult way to reach their data of the private sanitations and those who had data had great holes in their knowledge in them. The greatest emission of nitrogen was without doubt the industries, but a more even allocation could be seen in the pollution of phosphourus, where the industries and the private sanitations stood for about fifty- fifty of the pollution. The greatest emission of nitrogen and phosphourus happened in Viskan, in the drainage area for Lekvad,there it was a lack of mussels. The species of Anodonta anatina showed a strong positive correlation between emission of nitrogen and phosphourus with the way of juvenile mussels in the population. More studies is need to do in these areas, both when it comes to continuing mapping of rejuventation within the freshwater great mussels in several waters and template value for pollution of nitrogen and phosphourus, that is very doubtful today. Even studies concerning other factors, like predation, host fishes and the influence of poison and medic drugs is needing to do, as it is few studies concerning this today.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 68.
    Laubmeier, A. N.
    et al.
    Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
    Wootton, Kate
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Banks, J. E.
    Undergraduate Research Opportunities Center, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.
    Bommarco, Riccardo
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Curtsdotter, Alva
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Roslin, Tomas
    Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Banks, H. T.
    Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
    From theory to experimental design: Quantifying a trait-based theory of predator-prey dynamics2018Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, nr 4, artikkel-id e0195919Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Successfully applying theoretical models to natural communities and predicting ecosystem behavior under changing conditions is the backbone of predictive ecology. However, the experiments required to test these models are dictated by practical constraints, and models are often opportunistically validated against data for which they were never intended. Alternatively, we can inform and improve experimental design by an in-depth pre-experimental analysis of the model, generating experiments better targeted at testing the validity of a theory. Here, we describe this process for a specific experiment. Starting from food web ecological theory, we formulate a model and design an experiment to optimally test the validity of the theory, supplementing traditional design considerations with model analysis. The experiment itself will be run and described in a separate paper. The theory we test is that trophic population dynamics are dictated by species traits, and we study this in a community of terrestrial arthropods. We depart from the Allometric Trophic Network (ATN) model and hypothesize that including habitat use, in addition to body mass, is necessary to better model trophic interactions. We therefore formulate new terms which account for micro-habitat use as well as intra-and interspecific interference in the ATN model. We design an experiment and an effective sampling regime to test this model and the underlying assumptions about the traits dominating trophic interactions. We arrive at a detailed sampling protocol to maximize information content in the empirical data obtained from the experiment and, relying on theoretical analysis of the proposed model, explore potential shortcomings of our design. Consequently, since this is a "pre-experimental" exercise aimed at improving the links between hypothesis formulation, model construction, experimental design and data collection, we hasten to publish our findings before analyzing data from the actual experiment, thus setting the stage for strong inference.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 69.
    Lee, Marcus
    et al.
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Zhang, Huan
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden / Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China.
    Sha, Yongcui
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hegg, Alexander
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ekelund Ugge, Gustaf
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Vinterstare, Jerker
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Škerlep, Martin
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Pärssinen, Varpu
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Herzog, Simon David
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Björnerås, Caroline
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Gollnisch, Raphael
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Johansson, Emma
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hu, Nan
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Anders P.
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden / Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Hulthén, Kaj
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden / Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden / Department of Biological Sciences and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
    Rengefors, Karin
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Langerhans, Brian R.
    Department of Biological Sciences and W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
    Brönmark, Christer
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hansson, Lars-Anders
    Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Low-latitude zooplankton pigmentation plasticity in response to multiple threats2019Inngår i: Royal Society Open Science, E-ISSN 2054-5703, Vol. 6, nr 7, artikkel-id 190321Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Crustacean copepods in high-latitude lakes frequently alter their pigmentation facultatively to defend themselves against prevailing threats, such as solar ultraviolet radiation ( UVR) and visually oriented predators. Strong seasonality in those environments promotes phenotypic plasticity. To date, no one has investigated whether low-latitude copepods, experiencing continuous stress from UVR and predation threats, exhibit similar inducible defences. We here investigated the pigmentation levels of Bahamian 'blue hole' copepods, addressing this deficit. Examining several populations varying in predation risk, we found the lowest levels of pigmentation in the population experiencing the highest predation pressure. In a laboratory experiment, we found that, in contrast with our predictions, copepods from these relatively constant environments did show some changes in pigmentation subsequent to the removal of UVR; however, exposure to water from different predation regimes induced minor and idiosyncratic pigmentation change. Our findings suggest that low-latitude zooplankton in inland environments may exhibit reduced, but non-zero, levels of phenotypic plasticity compared with their high-latitude counterparts.

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  • 70.
    Leickt, Evelina
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur.
    Bäverhyddors påverkan på vattenlevande evertebrater2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Genom sin aktivitet med dammbygge och trädfällning skapar bävern produktiva våtmarker med hög diversitet. Man har funnit att vid bäverns dammkonstruktion var artantalet närmare dubbelt så stort jämfört med i dammen och i det rinnande vattnet i bäcken. Ibland väljer bävern att inte dämma upp vattendragen, utan bygger en hydda längs med strandkanten, något som också kan gynna många arter (Törnblom & Henrikson 2011). Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur själva bäverhyddan, byggd intill strandkanten, påverkar förekomsten av vattenlevande evertebrater. Provtagning på vattenlevande evertebrater har gjorts intill bäverhyddor byggda intill strandkanten, samt uppströms och nedströms varje bäverhydda. Statistiska uträkningar har sedan gjort på insamlad data för att se om det råder någon skillnad i antal individer, antal organismgrupper och diversitetsindex mellan bäverhyddan, uppströms och nedströms. Resultatet visar att det fanns en skillnad i antalet individer mellan hyddan, uppströms och nedströms. Det rådde ingen skillnad i antalet olika organismgrupper eller i diversitetsindex. Vattentemperaturens roll och skyddet som ansamlingen av grenar bidrar med är två aspekter som diskuteras som bidragande faktorer till det förhöjda individantalet vid bäverhyddan. Skillnaden i artsammansättning och artantal mellan bäverdammar och bäverhyddor byggda intill strandkanten är något annat som också diskuteras.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 71.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    ArtDatabanken, Swedish Species Information Centre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Biodling på naturligt sätt – inte omöjligt2016Inngår i: Fauna och flora : populär tidskrift för biologi, ISSN 0014-8903, Vol. 111, nr 3, s. 46-47Artikkel, omtale (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 72.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Halvvägs i INTERREG-projketet – BIstånd till Nordiska Bin – Rapport från Sverige2020Inngår i: NordBi-Aktuellt, nr 2, s. 4-7Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 73.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Boström, Sven
    Naturhistoriska riksmuseet.
    Diversitet hos hakmaskar – tarmparasiter hos gråsälar i Östersjön2019Inngår i: Fauna och flora : populär tidskrift för biologi, ISSN 0014-8903, Vol. 114, nr 2, s. 35-39Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [sv]

    Döda gråsälar i Östersjön har insamlats och undersökts genom obduktion på Naturhistoriska riksmuseet sedan 1970-talet. En relativt stor andel av de obducerade sälarna har haft sår i tarmarna,och troligen kan perforerade tarmsår vara en av orsakerna till att de har dött. Tarmsåren förorsakas av tre arter av hakmaskar i släktet Corynosoma, och dessa har blivit föremål för ingående morfologiska och ekologiska studier.

  • 74.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Boström, Sven
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wayland, Matthew T.
    University of Cambridge, UK.
    Data on three Baltic species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from Baltic grey (Halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida)2020Dataset
    Abstract [en]

    We analyzed Baltic Corynosoma material (C. magdaleni Montreuil, 1958, C. semerme (Forssell, 1904) Lühe, 1911 and C. strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802; Lühe, 1904) from grey (Halichoerus grypus ) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida ) for the variation of hook morphology and for finding possible morphotypes, by using the proboscis profiler (Wayland 2010) and Meristogram (Wayland 2016).

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  • 75.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Boström, Sven
    Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wayland, Matthew Thomas
    University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
    Host records and geographical distribution of Corynosoma magdaleni, C. semerme and C. strumosum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae)2020Inngår i: Biodiversity Data Journal, ISSN 1314-2836, E-ISSN 1314-2828, Vol. 8, artikkel-id e50500Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A literature survey was conducted to investigate the host and geographical distribution patterns of three Corynosoma species (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), viz. C. magdaleni, C. semerme and C. strumosum. All three species appear to be restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. Occurrence records of C. magdaleni are limited to the Northern Atlantic coasts, while C. semerme has a circumpolar distribution. The geographical range of Corynosoma strumosum encompasses the distributions of the other two species, but also extends into warmer southern regions. Some Corynosoma populations are living with their definitive hosts in very isolated locations, such as in the brackish Baltic Sea or different freshwater lakes (e.g. Lake Saimaa). All three species have a heteroxenous life cycle, comprising a peracaridan intermediate host, a fish paratenic host and a mammalian definitive host. Occasionally, an acanthocephalan may enter an accidental host, from which it is unable to complete its life cycle. The host records reported here are categorised by type, i.e. intermediate, paratenic, definitive or accidental. While most of the definitive hosts are shared amongst the three Corynosoma species, C. strumosum showed the broadest range of paratenic hosts, which reflects its more extensive geographical distribution. One aim of this study and extensive literature summary is to guide future sampling efforts therewith contribute to throw more light on the on-going species and morphotype discussion for this interesting parasite species.

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  • 76.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    De Giovanni, Renato
    Centro de Referência em Informaҫão Ambiental, CRIA, Brazil.
    Kulawik, Robert
    Fraunhofer IAIS Knowledge Discovery, Schloss Birlinghoven, Germany.
    Williams, Alan R.
    School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
    Bourlat, Sarah J.
    Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Mapping present and future potential distribution patterns for a meso-grazer guild in the Baltic Sea2015Inngår i: Journal of Biogeography, ISSN 0305-0270, E-ISSN 1365-2699, Vol. 42, nr 2, s. 241-254Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim The Baltic Sea is one of the world's largest semi-enclosed brackish water bodies characterized by many special features, including endemic species that may be particularly threatened by climate change. We mapped potential distribution patterns under present and future conditions for a community with three trophic levels. We analysed climate-induced changes in the species' distribution patterns and examined possible consequences for the chosen food web. Location Baltic Sea and northern Europe. Methods We developed two open-source workflow-based analytical tools: one for ecological niche modelling and another for raster layer comparison to compute the extent and intensity of change in species' potential distributions. Individual ecological niche models were generated under present conditions and then projected into a future climate change scenario (2050) for a food web consisting of a guild of meso-grazers (Idotea spp.), their host algae (Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus radicans) and their fish predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We used occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), literature and museum collections, together with five environmental layers at a resolution of 5 and 30 arc-minutes. Results Habitat suitability for Idotea balthica and Idotea chelipes in the Baltic Sea seems to be mostly determined by temperature and ice cover rather than by salinity. 2050 predictions for all modelled species show a northern/northeastern shift in the Baltic Sea. The distribution ranges for Idotea granulosa and G. aculeatus are predicted to become patchier in the Baltic than in the rest of northern Europe, where the species will gain more suitable habitats. Main conclusions For the Baltic Sea, climate-induced changes resulted in a gain of suitable habitats for F. vesiculosus, I. chelipes and I. balthica, whereas lower habitat suitability was predicted for I. granulosa, F. radicans and G. aculeatus. The predicted north-eastern shift of I. balthica and I. chelipes into the distribution area of F. radicans in the Baltic Sea may result in increased grazing pressure. Such additional threats to isolated Baltic populations can lead to a higher extinction risk for the species, especially as climate changes are likely to be very rapid.

  • 77.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Department of Marine Ecology, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg (MEK), Fiskebäckskil, Sweden.
    Harding, Karin
    Department of Marine Ecology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Per R.
    Department of Marine Ecology, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Strömstad, Sweden.
    Ecology and Distribution of the Isopod Genus Idotea in the Baltic Sea: Key Species in a Changing Environment2012Inngår i: Journal of Crustacean Biology, ISSN 0278-0372, E-ISSN 1937-240X, Vol. 32, nr 3, s. 359-381Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Marine isopods of the genus Idotea [I. balthica (Pallas, 1772), I. chelipes (Pallas, 1766), and I. granulosa Rathke, 1843] are common meso-grazers that enter deep into the Baltic Sea and here appear to live at their physiological limit, determined by salinity and temperature tolerance. We review available data on distribution and community ecology to assess the functional role of Idotea in the Baltic Sea and how global change may affect essential ecological interactions. Data from the last 150 years suggest an on-going shift southward for I. chelipes and I. granulosa that may be caused by a changing climate. Several studies report local extinctions and mass abundances, which may be caused by a changing food web from over-fishing and eutrophication. The three species of Idotea have clear habitat segregation in the Baltic Sea, where salinity, temperature and vegetation are the main dimensions. Idotea spp. have a central role as grazers and in communities dominated by the perennial macrophytes Fucus spp. and Zostera marina and attain impressive feeding rates on a range of epiphytes/filamentous algae (top-down effect). Idotea can have both a direct negative grazing effect on macrophytes but also an indirect positive effect by removing epiphytes. The relative role of nutritional value and chemical defence for food preference is yet unclear for Idotea. Baltic idoteids are also important prey for several fish (bottom-up effect) and fish predation may have increased following overfishing of piscivorous fish. It is concluded that Idotea is a key taxon in the Baltic Sea food web, where guilds often contain few dominant species. Changes in population dynamics of Idotea, as a function of human generated global change, may have large-scale consequences for ecosystem functions in a future Baltic Sea, e.g. the extent of vegetation cover in the coastal zone.

  • 78.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Jonsson, Annie
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Bourlat, Sarah
    Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.
    End biodiversity loss through improved tracking of marine threatened invertebrates2019Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 79.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Kilströmer, Andrea
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Herring, Matthew
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Bergwall, Eric
    Länsstyrelsen Västra Götaland.
    Inventering av invasiva främmande arter i Vänern – Kinesisk ullhandskrabba2021Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 80.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    ArtDatabanken, Swedish Species Information Centre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Käck, Martin
    ArtDatabanken, Swedish Species Information Centre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Björn
    ArtDatabanken, Swedish Species Information Centre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kindvall, Oskar
    ArtDatabanken, Swedish Species Information Centre, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    The Analysis Portal and the Swedish LifeWatch e-infrastructure for biodiversity research2016Inngår i: Biodiversity Data Journal, ISSN 1314-2836, E-ISSN 1314-2828, Vol. 4, artikkel-id e7644Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background During the last years, more and more online portals were generated and are now available for ecologists to run advanced models with extensive data sets. Some examples are the Biodiversity Virtual e-Laboratory (BioVel) Portal (https://portal.biovel.eu) for ecological niche modelling and the Mobyle SNAP Workbench (https://snap.hpc.ncsu.edu) for evolutionary and population genetics analysis. Such portals have the main goal to facilitate the run of advanced models, through access to large-capacity computers or servers. In this study, we present the Analysis Portal (www.analysisportal.se), which is a part of the Swedish LifeWatch e-infrastructure for biodiversity research that combines a variety of Swedish web services to perform different kinds of dataprocessing. New information For the first time, the Swedish Analysis Portal for integrated analysis of species occurrence data is described in detail. It was launched in 2013 and today, over 60 Million Swedish species observation records can be assessed, visualized and analyzed via the portal. Datasets can be assembled using sophisticated filtering tools, and combined with environmental and climatic data from a wide range of providers. Different validation tools, for example the official Swedish taxon concept database Dyntaxa, ensure high data quality. Results can be downloaded in different formats as maps, tables, diagrams and reports.

  • 81.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Muhammed, Iqram
    Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany.
    Bourlat, Sarah J.
    Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany.
    Why are so many Northern European aquatic invertebrates missing in red-listing and how can we improve assessments for those?2021Inngår i: 1st DNAQUA International Conference 2021 / [ed] Alex Weigand, Agnès Bouchez, Florian Leese, Pensoft Publishers, 2021, artikkel-id e64822Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The biodiversity crisis is advancing rapidly. One tool to measure extinction risk is the Red List of Threatened Species which follows the IUCN evaluation criteria (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Many aquatic invertebrates in Northern Europe are completely missing a red listing process and are evaluated as Data Deficient (DD) or Not Evaluated (NE). In our project, we focus on marine crustaceans and freshwater molluscs (Bivalvia). A systematic survey of more than 440 crustacean and 44 molluscan species in 12 Northern European countries shows that while many freshwater bivalve molluscs and marine crustaceans have existing molecular barcodes as well as digital occurrence records in databases (e.g. in GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility), there exists no evaluation process or regular monitoring for those species and their population status. With such a high level of non-evaluation of species status, species action plans (for single species or multi-taxon approaches) are far away from reality.

    In general, traditional monitoring methods based on observational surveys are known to be inefficient, costly and time consuming. e-DNA allows us to detect species with a high level of sensitivity as long as those assays are well validated. Molecular occurrence records can be used to detect rare species and to collect population information. In our Swedish project, we are metabarcoding sediment and plankton samples using metazoan and taxon-specific primers to detect threatened aquatic species. During 2019 and 2020, we collected samples at 15 localities in two marine protected areas for marine crustaceans and at 15 different localities for freshwater molluscs at the Swedish west coast. At each location plankton, sediment and traditional aquatic monitoring samples were taken. The idea is to compare how the methods perform in finding rare species, which could improve the data for those groups so they can be evaluated in the next round of red listing (2025) in Sweden. During the entire project, there is an on-going dialogue with stakeholders and experts from the Swedish Species Information Centre, responsible for the red listing process in the country.

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  • 82.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Niklasson, Mats
    Nordens ark.
    Berntsson, AnnCharlotte
    Nordens ark.
    BIstånd till nordiska bin – en resurs för framtidens ekosystemtjänster2019Inngår i: NordBi-Aktuellt, nr 1, s. 5-6Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 83.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Norrström, Niclas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Lägesrapport inom INTERREG-projektet: BIstånd till nordiska bin2019Inngår i: NordBi-Aktuellt, nr 2, s. 5-6Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 84.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Norrström, Niclas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Niklasson, Mats
    Stiftelsen Nordens Ark, Hunnebostrand.
    Nyaste rön från INTERREG projektet – Bistånd till nordiska bin – unik resurs för framtidens ekosystemtjänster2021Inngår i: NordBi-Aktuellt, nr 2, s. 4-5Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 85.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Norrström, Niclas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Niklasson, Mats
    Nordens ark.
    Dahl, Åslög
    Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap, Göteborgs Universitet.
    Vetenskapliga studier av honungsbin2022Inngår i: Fauna och flora : populär tidskrift för biologi, ISSN 0014-8903, Vol. 117, nr 2, s. 28-32Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 86.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    et al.
    Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences – Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Obst, Matthias
    Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Kulawik, Robert
    Fraunhofer IAIS Knowledge Discovery, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany.
    Stelzer, Kerstin
    Brockman Consult GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany.
    Heyer, Karin
    Brockman Consult GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany.
    Hardisty, Alex
    School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
    Bourlat, Sarah J.
    Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Evaluating the potential of ecological niche modelling as a component in marine non-indigenous species risk assessments2015Inngår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin, ISSN 0025-326X, E-ISSN 1879-3363, Vol. 97, nr 1-2, s. 470-487Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Marine biological invasions have increased with the development of global trading, causing the homogenization of communities and the decline of biodiversity. A main vector is ballast water exchange from shipping. This study evaluates the use of ecological niche modelling (ENM) to predict the spread of 18 non-indigenous species (NIS) along shipping routes and their potential habitat suitability (hot/cold spots) in the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic. Results show that, contrary to current risk assessment methods, temperature and sea ice concentration determine habitat suitability for 61% of species, rather than salinity (11%). We show high habitat suitability for NIS in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, a transitional area for NIS entering or leaving the Baltic Sea. As many cases of NIS introduction in the marine environment are associated with shipping pathways, we explore how ENM can be used to provide valuable information on the potential spread of NIS for ballast water risk assessment. 

  • 87.
    Leverin, Malin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Skogsbrukets påverkan på artmångfalden hos mossor och lavar: Är artmångfalden större i en skog vid kontinuitetsskogsbruk än vid trakthyggesbruk?2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Sveriges vanligaste skogsbruksmetod, trakthyggesbruket, har medfört problem för skogens artmångfald. År 2010 fanns det i Sverige 319 stycken hotade mossor och lavar som var kopplade till skogen. Varav vissa arter är beroende av lång skoglig kontinuitet, gammal multnande ved, skogsbrand eller andra naturliga fenomen som enbart finns i en mer eller mindre orörd skog. Alternativet till denna skogsbruksmetod finns i kontinuitetsskogsbruket som var vanligt förr, innan skogsbruket blev till en industri. På den tiden då bönderna själva plockade ut det virke dom behövde för sin egen överlevnad kunde skogen fortfarande fungera som ett ekosystem. Denna rapport avser jämföra och redogöra för eventuella skillnader i artmångfalden av mossor och lavar mellan de tre skogstyperna naturskog, kontinuitetsbrukad och trakthyggesbrukad skog. Undersökningen har baserats på fyra olika kontinuitetsbrukade skogar i Skåne, Västra Götaland och Östergötlands län. Utifrån dessa skogars förutsättningar har sedan trakthyggesbrukade skogar och naturskogar valts ut i acceptabel närhet. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de trakthyggesbrukade skogarna avviker signifikant i artmångfald från de andra skogstyperna. Naturskogarna och de kontinuitetsbrukade skogarna är rikare i artmångfald och har mer kongruenta värden, dock är förekomsten av epifyter högre i naturskogen. Resultatet visar också att förekomsten av signalarter är högre i en skog vid kontinuitetsskogsbruk än vid trakthyggesbruk.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Skogsbrukets påverkan på artmångfalden hos mossor och lavar
  • 88.
    Lindström, Tom
    et al.
    Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden / School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Sisson, Scott A.
    School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Håkansson, Nina
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Bergman, Karl-Olof
    Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Wennergren, Uno
    Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    A spectral and Bayesian approach for analysis of fluctuations and synchrony in ecological datasets2012Inngår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, E-ISSN 2041-210X, Vol. 3, nr 6, s. 1019-1027Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Autocorrelation within ecological time series and synchrony between them may provide insight into the main drivers of observed dynamics. We here present methods that analyse autocorrelation and synchrony in ecological datasets using a spectral approach combined with Bayesian inference. To exemplify, we implement the method on dendrochronological data of the pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). The data consist of 110 years of growth of 10 live trees and seven trees that died during a synchronized oak death in Sweden in c. 2002-2007. We find that the highest posterior density is found for a noise colour of tree growth of gamma approximate to 0.95 (i.e. pink noise) with little difference between trees, suggesting climatic variation as a driving factor. This is further supported by the presence of synchrony, which we estimate based on phase-shift analysis. We conclude that the synchrony is time-scale dependent with higher synchrony at larger time-scales. We further show that there is no difference between the growth patterns of the alive and dead tree groups. This suggests that the trees were driven by the same factors prior to the synchronized death. We argue that this method is a promising approach for linking theoretical models with empirical data.

  • 89.
    Lindén, Linda
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur.
    Floran i Blüchers park; Genarp2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Lunds kommun har under några somrar tillbaka inventerat olika faunagrupper i olika naturområden i Genarp, en mindre ort som ligger cirka 2,5 mil sydöst om Lund. Under dessa somrar (2007-2010) hittades och registrerades nio olika rödlistade insektsarter i Blüchers park, ett naturområde med en mosaik av olika naturtyper på sandunderlag. Blüchers park är cirka 2,7 hektar stort och ligger i Genarps östra del. Detta arbete kompletterar de ovan nämnda insektsinventeringarna med en florainventering av Blüchers park. Syftet med arbetet är dels att söka förståelse till varför funna kärlväxter i Blüchers park växer där de växer, dels att ta reda på vilka skötselåtgärder som skulle kunna vara lämpliga i området, det vill säga hur förekomsten av funna rödlistade insektsarter kan komma att gynnas genom olika floraskötselåtgärder.

    Under juni-augusti 2011 återfanns 175 kärlväxtarter i Blüchers park. Av dessa var nio stycken (5 arter och 4 artgrupper) så kallade förbindelseväxter (växter som rödlistade insektsarter är beroende av) av särskilt intresse eftersom åtgärder som gynnar dessa även kan förväntas gynna de tidigare funna rödlistade insektsarterna.

    För att kunna gynna förbindelseväxterna och mångfalden av andra växtarter samt rödlistade insektsarter i Blüchers park så krävs det en förändring av dagens floraskötsel i parken. Vissa växtarter främjas av en typ av skötsel och således främjas även de insektsarter som livnär sig på dessa växter. Andra växtarter främjas av en annan typ av skötsel. För att klargöra vilken eller vilka typer av floraskötselåtgärder som skulle vara lämpliga för förbindelseväxterna och vidare de funna rödlistade insektsarterna i Blüchers park, så analyseras och diskuteras fakta och data om förbindelseväxterna samt för- och nackdelar med de olika skötselåtgärderna; bränning, bete, slåtter och markomrörning.

    Slåtter bedöms vara den bästa floraskötselåtgärden för större delen av Blüchers park trots att flera av förbindelsearterna i parken anses mer direkt gynnade av bete än av slåtter (Ekstam 1997). Att bränna av hela eller delar av delområde 4 för att främja ljungen samt att genomföra viss markomrörning i delar av parken för att underlätta för markbobyggande insekter, är också relevant. Fröspridning och utplantering av fler förbindelseväxter samt röjning kring ljuskrävande träd och buskar är ytterligare åtgärder som skulle kunna komma att gynna artrikedomen i området.

    Sammanfattningsvis uppvisar Blüchers park en flora- och faunadiversitet som är värd att bevara och utveckla. Denna studie bidrar med kunskapsunderlag för detta arbete.

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  • 90.
    Lund, Mikael
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Släktskapets påverkan på tillväxt, storlek, mortalitet och defekter hos yngel vid uppfödning hos Grönfläckig padda (Bufo viridis).2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta arbete syftar till att svara på hypotesen som säger att det är skillnader i tillväxt, storlek, dödlighet och deformationer hos besläktade yngel av grönfläckig padda (Bufo viridis) gentemot obesläktade yngel vid uppfödning. Tidigare australiensisk studie visar att kemiska ämnen som paddorna själva utsöndrar påverkar tillväxt och överlevnad. Det förekommer även att syskon favoriserar och känner igen varandra och således blir konkurrensen syskon emellan inte lika stark. Yngel från fem olika honor delades in i grupper och placerats i akvarietankar med antingen besläktade individer från en och samma hona eller blandade. Där har de vuxit upp från ägg till yngel. De yngel som föddes upp tillsammans med sina syskon var större än yngel som fötts upp med obesläktade yngel. Det var ingen skillnad i procentuell tillväxt över tid mellan besläktade och obesläktade individer. Vid de första mättillfällena var det skillnad i storlek, viket indikerar att mekanismen som styr tillväxt är som starkast i ett tidigt utvecklingsskede för att sedan avta. Tidigare studie på grönfläckig padda i Sverige visar på liknande resultat och dessa motsäger resultat från en australiensisk studie där tillväxten varit mindre i början och större i slutet. Dödligheten från ägg till yngel var större hos de obesläktade individerna. Sammantaget ger det en indikation om att mekanismen bakom exempelvis storlek, tillväxt och dödlighet är mer komplexa än vad som framkommit i tidigare arbeten. Resultatet visar på skillnader som kan ligga till grund för utvecklandet av nya metoder vid uppfödning av grönfläckig padda och som även kan hjälpa till vid bevarandet av den svenska populationen. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Examensarbete Grönfläckig padda
  • 91.
    Mauritsson, Karl
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Ecological and Edaphic Correlations of Soil Invertebrate Community Structure in Dry Upland Forests of Eastern Africa2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Natural forests are characterised by great vegetation diversity and create habitats for a major part of Earth’s terrestrial organisms. Plantation forests, which are mainly composed of a few genera of fast-growing trees, constitute an increasing fraction of global forests, but they only partly compensate for loss of area, habitat and ecological functions in natural forests. Plantation forests established near natural forests can be expected to serve as buffers, but they seem to be relatively poor in invertebrate species and it is not clear why. This bachelor’s degree project aimed at establishing the ecological and edaphic factors that correlate with soil invertebrate diversity in dry upland forests and surrounding plantation forests in eastern Africa. Some aspects of the above-ground vegetation heterogeneity were investigated since this was assumed to influence the heterogeneity of the soil environment, which is considered as critical for soil biodiversity. The obtained knowledge may be valuable in conservation activities in East African forests, which are threatened by destruction, fragmentation and exotic species.

    The study area was Karura Forest, a dry upland forest in Nairobi, Kenya. Three different sites were investigated; a natural forest site characterized by the indigenous tree species Brachylaena huillensis and Croton megalocarpus, and two different plantation forest sites, characterized by the exotic species Cupressus lusitanica and Eucalyptus paniculata, respectively. For each forest type, six plots were visited. Soil invertebrates were extracted from collected soil and litter samples by sieving and Berlese-Tullgren funnels. The invertebrates were identified, and the taxonomic diversity calculated at the order level. The ecological and edaphic factors, measured or calculated for each plot, were tree species diversity, ratio of exotic tree species, vertical structure of trees, vegetation cover, vegetation density, litter quality, soil pH, soil temperature and soil moisture.

    One-way ANOVA was used to compare soil invertebrate diversity and other variables between different forest types. Akaike’s Information Criterion and Multiple Linear Regression were used to establish linear models with variables that could explain measured variations of the diversity.

    There was some evidence for higher soil invertebrate diversity in natural forests than in surrounding plantation forests. The abundance of soil invertebrates was also clearly higher in natural forests, which indicates that natural forests are more important than plantation forests for conservation of soil invertebrate populations. Soil invertebrate diversity (in terms of number of orders present) was found to be influenced by forest type and litter quality. The diversity was higher at places with high amounts of coarse litter, which here is considered as more heterogenous than fine litter. The dependence on forest type was partly a consequence of differences in soil pH since Eucalyptus trees lower soil pH and thereby also soil biodiversity. No relation to heterogeneity of above-ground vegetation was found.

    For future conservation activities in Karura Forest Reserve it is recommended to continue removing exotic plant species and replanting indigenous trees, to prioritize the removal of Eucalyptus trees before Cypress trees, to only remove a few trees at a time and to establish ground vegetation when doing so.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Report
  • 92.
    Mauritsson, Karl
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Desforges, Jean-Pierre
    Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, University of Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
    Harding, Karin C.
    Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Maternal Transfer and Long-Term Population Effects of PCBs in Baltic Grey Seals Using a New Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Population Model2022Inngår i: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, ISSN 0090-4341, E-ISSN 1432-0703, Vol. 83, nr 4, s. 376-394Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Empirical evidence has shown that historical exposure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to Baltic grey seals not only severely affected individual fitness, but also population growth rates and most likely caused the retarded recovery rate of the depleted population for decades. We constructed a new model which we term a toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) population model to quantify these effects. The toxicokinetic sub-model describes in detail the bioaccumulation, elimination and vertical transfer from mother to offspring of PCBs and is linked to a toxicodynamic model for estimation of PCB-related damage, hazard and stress impacts on fertility and survival rates. Both sub-models were linked to a Leslie matrix population model to calculate changes in population growth rate and age structure, given different rates of PCB exposure. Toxicodynamic model parameters related to reproductive organ lesions were calibrated using published historical data on observed pregnancy rates in Baltic grey seal females. Compared to empirical data, the TKTD population model described well the age-specific bioaccumulation pattern of PCBs in Baltic grey seals, and thus, the toxicokinetic parameters, deduced from the literature, are believed to be reliable. The model also captured well the general effects of PCBs on historical population growth rates. The model showed that reduced fertility due to increased PCB exposure causes decreased vertical transfer from mother to offspring and in turn increased biomagnification in non-breeding females. The developed TKTD model can be used to perform population viability analyses of Baltic grey seals with multiple stressors, also including by-catches and different hunting regimes. The model can also be extended to other marine mammals and other contaminants by adjustments of model parameters and thus provides a test bed in silico for new substances. 

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  • 93.
    Mauritsson, Karl
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Ecological and Environmental Modeling, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden.
    A new flexible model for maintenance and feeding expenses that improves description of individual growth in insects2023Inngår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, nr 1, artikkel-id 16751Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Metabolic theories in ecology interpret ecological patterns at different levels through the lens of metabolism, typically applying allometric scaling to describe energy use. This requires a sound theory for individual metabolism. Common mechanistic growth models, such as ‘von Bertalanffy’, ‘dynamic energy budgets’ and the ‘ontogenetic growth model’ lack some potentially important aspects, especially regarding regulation of somatic maintenance. We develop a model for ontogenetic growth of animals, applicable to ad libitum and food limited conditions, based on an energy balance that expresses growth as the net result of assimilation and metabolic costs for maintenance, feeding and food processing. The most important contribution is the division of maintenance into a ‘non-negotiable’ and a ‘negotiable’ part, potentially resulting in hyperallometric scaling of maintenance and downregulated maintenance under food restriction. The model can also account for effects of body composition and type of growth at the cellular level. Common mechanistic growth models often fail to fully capture growth of insects. However, our model was able to capture empirical growth patterns observed in house crickets.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 94.
    Mehni, Firouzeh
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Genomic sequencing of freshwater mussel unio tumidus using the minion2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Freshwater mussels are aquatic organisms that are involved in nutrient cycling and water purification. Freshwater mussels have filtering activity and transfer nutrients and energy-rich organic compounds from the water column to the sediments. Besides this activity, freshwater mussels are among the most important water pollution indicators due to their ability to concentrate many environmental contaminants such as heavy metals. The genome of most freshwater mussels has not yet been sequenced. The knowledge about the genome of the freshwater mussel's species can be useful to develop a multi-biomarker panel for early indication of water pollution. This study aimed to sequence the whole genomic DNA of freshwater mussel Unio tumidus using the MinION device. In this study, a total of 6 Gb data and 194 contigs with a total length of 825,486bp were generated while the length of the largest contig was 35,755 and the GC content 37.66% and N50 11647 bp was obtained. The generated data was not enough to assemble the whole genome of the mussels' species, and just a partial sequence could be obtained because of many challenges during the DNA extraction and library preparation. However, to obtain the whole DNA composition of these species making more effort, such as performing more library preparation and sequencing runs, are required, but the finding of this study can be used for the generation of more sequencing data for the assembly of the full genome.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
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  • 95.
    Meijer, Jonathan
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Seasonal shift in the intestinal microbiota of honey bees, Apis mellifera2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Honey bees, Apis mellifera, are important pollinators across the world who provide the crucial function of maintaining the health and wellbeing of natural and agricultural ecosystems. However, in recent years, there has been a documented decline in honey bee populations worldwide. Research suggests that the intestinal microbiota of honey bees is crucial for their wellbeing and immune system as well as providing protection against harmful pathogens and affecting their growth and development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seasonal shifts occurring within the microbiota of eight different honey bee communities and to compare the seasonal shift between autumn, winter and spring. This was done by Nanopore sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the examined species throughout this study. This is in line with current research suggesting that the intestinal microbiota of honey bees remains relatively stable. However, other studies have shown that there occur seasonal shifts in the genera within the intestines, which might suggest a larger shift occurring within the genera as opposed to the induvial species. In conclusion, no seasonal shift could be observed between the species examined throughout this study which suggests that the intestinal microbiota of honey bees remains stable throughout the year.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 96.
    Merzhoyev, Anzor
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    16S comparison and analysis of the microbiomes of individuals from the same hive of Apis mellifera bees2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Apis Mellifera is the most abundant of the honeybee species thus making it one of the most crucial pollinators across the globe. It is a species that is in decline, it is important to understand these creatures in order to preserve its populations. The microbiome of these creatures is becoming an prominent area of research in understanding the lifecycle and development of these creatures and sustaining hive integrity. By investigating the nature of the microbiome in Apis melifera, it has begged the questions that brought about the aim of this research; are microbiome profiles conserved amongst the individuals of the same hive? If yes, to what extent is the microbiome profile shared between individuals? If variation between individuals of a hive do exist, what factors could influence this variation? The investigation required extracting the intestinal tract of many honey bees, extracting and purifying DNA, PCR to amplify the 16S rRNA regions of the bacteria within the tract and sequencing with the MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies).Readings of samples were compared and analyzed statistically to identify trends. Through this investigation it was found that species of bacteria were conserved almost entirely across bees yet abundance varied greatly. Despite this variation, there was a degree of grouping between abundances within samples. There certainly is a conservation of species in members of a hive, but the variation in reads of bacteria could be a result of caste, age, and season and requires further exploration.

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  • 97.
    Neloy, Md Naim Ud Dwla
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Validation of theoritical approach to measure biodiversity using plant species data2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 15 poäng / 22,5 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Measuring Biodiversity is an important phenomenon to serve best to our ecology and also keep environment sound. Variety of life on different levels, like an ecosystem, life forms on a site, landscape collectively known as Biodiversity. Species richness and evenness combine measures as Biodiversity. Separate formula, index, equation are widely using to measure Biodiversity in each level. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency aimed to establish an index that consists of landscape functionality and landscape heterogeneity. For landscape functionality assessment, there BBCI (Biotope biodiversity Capacity index) is going to use. High BBCI indicates a high biodiversity for each biotope. However, empirically estimate species richness how much matched with BBCI that not been evaluated. The aim of this paper to see the relationship between empirical estimated Biodiversity and BBCI. A relationship between Shannon diversity index and BBCI also ran to see the matches between them. Collect the empirical data from selected 15 landscapes using Artportalen.se and sort the data for further calculation. Results showed that there was a strong positive relationship between empirical estimated Biodiversity and BBCI. Again Shannon diversity index and BBCI also demonstrated a positive correlation between them. It showed BBCI could explain 60%-69% of species richness data and 17%-22% of Shannon diversity index. It indicates the acceptance of theoretical study of measure Biodiversity.

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    fulltext
  • 98.
    Neubert, Michael G.
    et al.
    Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States.
    Blumenshine, Steven C.
    Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, United States.
    Duplisea, Daniel E.
    CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
    Jonsson, Tomas
    Department of Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden / Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.
    Rashleigh, Brenda
    EPA Ecosystems Assessment Branch, Athens, GA, United States.
    Body size and food web structure: testing the equiprobability assumption of the cascade model2000Inngår i: Oecologia, ISSN 0029-8549, E-ISSN 1432-1939, Vol. 123, nr 2, s. 241-251Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 99.
    Niemer, Jessica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Omgivande markslags påverkan på förekomst av bibagge Apalus bimaculatus i sand- och grustäkter i Västra Götalands län2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Bibaggen Apalus bimaculatus är en rödlistad skalbagge som förekommer i öppna sandiga miljöer och är starkt knuten till sin värdart vårsidenbi Colletes cunicularius vilken den boparasiterar på. Inventeringar av sekundära habitat i form av sand- och grustäkter har utförts i Västra Götalands län under tidig vår 2009 och 2010. Data från dessa inventeringar har i denna studie används i samband med undersökning av omgivande markslag runt dellokalerna/täkterna för att ta reda på om omgivande markslag påverkar förekomst av bibagge vid dellokaler/täkter. Inom sand- och grustäkterna registrerade inventerarna enskilda dellokaler där fynd av bibagge eller vårsidenbi gjordes. Om ingen av arterna observerades angavs en koordinat där en dellokal ansågs vara mest lämplig för en av arterna eller för båda arterna. I ArcGis skapades en buffertzon runt alla dellokaler med 541 meters radie, vilket baseras på det maximala uppmätta flygavståndet för vårsidenbi vid näringssök, 350 meter, summerat med medelstorleken för täkter i Västra Götalands län, 191 meter. Radien baseras även på ett antagande om att täkterna har formen av en cirkel. I buffertzonerna analyserades sedan hur stor area respektive markslag utgjorde kring respektive dellokal med och utan fynd av bibagge och vårsidenbi. T-test utfördes för att se om arean av olika markslag skiljde sig åt mellan dellokaler med och utan fynd av bibagge och vårsidenbi. Regressionsanalys utfördes för naturliga logaritmen av antalet bibaggar och vårsidenbin vid dellokaler och arean av respektive omgivande markslag. T-testet för medelarea lövskog inom buffertzoner omgivande dellokaler med och utan bibagge är det enda som visar på en statistiskt signifikant skillnad (t=2,36, d.f.= 184, p=0,02). Ett statistiskt signifikant negativt samband kunde vid regressionsanalyserna påvisas för naturliga logaritmen av antalet bibaggar och area åkermark inom buffertzoner (r2 = 0,38, d.f.=14, p = 0,01). Ett statistiskt signifikant positivt samband kunde påvisas vid regressionsanalysen för naturliga logaritmen av antalet bibaggar och area barr- och blandskog inom buffertzoner (r2 = 0,46, d.f.=14, p = 0,004). Resultaten är mycket intressanta, speciellt då de erhållits med hjälp av grov markslagsanalys i GIS.

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  • 100.
    Niklasson, Mats
    et al.
    Foundation Nordens Ark, Research Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Åby säteri, Hunnebostrand, Sweden ; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden ; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Sweden.
    Svensson, Emil
    Gärsnäs, Sweden.
    Leidenberger, Sonja
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Norrström, Niclas
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Crawford, Elizabeth
    Foundation Nordens Ark, Research Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Åby säteri, Hunnebostrand, Sweden ; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Sweden.
    Free-living colonies of native honey bees (Apis mellifera mellifera) in 19th and early 20th century Sweden2023Inngår i: Journal of Insect Conservation, ISSN 1366-638X, E-ISSN 1572-9753Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Little information exists on the history and ecology of free-living colonies of European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Europe, including its dark north-western subspecies (Apis mellifera mellifera). Our aim was to investigate the presence of colonies of free-living, native honey bees (A. m. mellifera) during the last two centuries in Sweden. For this we examined systematic interviews of beekeepers (176 answers from 158 questionnaires) performed in the years 1928–1981, with information dating back to the early 1800s. An overwhelming majority of answers (96%) confirmed the past presence of free-living colonies of honey bees in Sweden. While some stated that free-living colonies were simply absconded swarms from managed hives, the majority of interviewees (69%) believed that free-living colonies were of a truly wild origin. A decreasing trend in first-hand accounts of free-living colonies suggests that free-living populations underwent a dramatic decline at the end of the 19th century. This was also expressed in words by many interviewees, who in 14 cases stated that the loss of old forests and tree-cavity nest sites at the end of the 1800s was the primary cause of the decline. Direct accounts of perennial, free-living colonies, combined with detailed descriptions of the collection of large free-living colonies and/or wild honey, is strong evidence of free-living honey bees being well adapted to winter survival. These accounts contradict the officially supported view that the honey bee is a recently imported, domesticated, non-native species in Sweden. The results give a scientific underpinning and provide inspiration for the restoration of native forests which could facilitate populations of free-living colonies of A. m. mellifera exposed to natural selection. This could potentially lead to its return as a fully wild species. In an uncertain future, allowing for a natural lifestyle could increase resilience and reinstate characteristics that are otherwise lost in honey bees due to the increasing effects of artificial trait selection.

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