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  • 51.
    Morilla Cabello, David
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Vision Based Control for Industrial Robots: Research and implementation2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The automation revolution already helps in many tasks that are now performed by robots.  Increases in the complexity of problems regarding robot manipulators require new approaches or alternatives in order to solve them. This project comprises a research in different available software for implementing easy and fast visual servoing tasks controlling a robot manipulator. It focuses on out-of-the-box solutions. Then, the tools found are applied to implement a solution for controlling an arm from Universal Robots. The task is to follow a moving object on a plane with the robot manipulator. The research compares the most popular software, the state-of-the-art alternatives, especially in computer vision and also robot control. The implementation aims to be a proof of concept of a system divided by each functionality (computer vision, path generation and robot control) in order to allow software modularity and exchangeability. The results show various options for each system to take into consideration. The implementation is successfully completed, showing the efficiency of the alternatives examined. The chosen software is MATLAB and Simulink for computer vision and trajectory calculation interfacing with Robotic Operating System (ROS). ROS is used for controlling a UR3 arm using ros_control and ur_modern_driver packages.  Both the research and the implementation present a first approach for further applications and understanding over the current technologies for visual servoing tasks. These alternatives offer different easy, fast, and flexible methods to confront complex computer vision and robot control problems.

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    Vision Based Control for Industrial Robots: Research and implementation
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  • 52.
    Morshedzadeh, Iman
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    Data Classification in Product Data Management2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report is about the product data classification methodology that is useable for the Volvo Cars Engine (VCE) factory's production data, and can be implemented in the Teamcenter software. There are many data generated during the life cycle of each product, and companies try to manage these data with some product data management software. Data classification is a part of data management for most effective and efficient use of data.

    With surveys that were done in this project, items affecting the data classification have been found. Data, attributes, classification method, Volvo Cars Engine factory and Teamcenter as the product data management software, are items that are affected data classification. In this report, all of these items will be explained separately.

    With the knowledge obtained about the above items, in the Volvo Cars Engine factory, the suitable hierarchical classification method is described. After defining the classification method, this method has been implemented in the software at the last part of the report to show that this method is executable.

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  • 53.
    Morshedzadeh, Iman
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Extended Product lifecycle management with knowledge management: Research Proposal2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Anything that is produced and offered to the markets can be a product. Each product has a lifecycle, whether the product is a car or a software program or a service. Product lifecycle has different phases from the time that it is raised as business idea at the first phase to disposal as the last stage. Product lifecycle management is a business approach for management and the use of product, process and resource related data, information and knowledge. With this management, enterprises try to use their company’s intellectual capitals. The initial PLM systems had been developed to store and manage Computer Aided Design (CAD) files and giving access to these data in different stage of the product lifecycle for users. Afterward, PLM systems, more developed to cover the management of process and resource data, and later on, managing of product related data, information and knowledge on all phases of product lifecycle. Each enterprise, according to its needs and competencies, implementing and using different capabilities of PLM systems, but still Bill of Material (BoM), Bill of Process (BoP) and Bill of resource (BoR) are forming the core of PLM systems. PLM systems try to manage data by integration with other engineering software programs to import data from them and manage those data for exporting to other software programs or makes them accessible for users. These integrations cause the managing of virtual data and information by the PLM systems, which are generated by different engineers such as designers or manufacturing engineers. CAD files and simulations are two types of virtual data. These data consist of some knowledges that had been generated by different engineers, which can be called virtual knowledge.Real World Knowledge is another type of knowledge that are exist in the enterprises. This knowledge can be captured from the happenings in the real environment such as failure reports, quality and audit reports, product performance, production data and operator’s experiences. Sometimes capturing these knowledges is very easy for example production throughput, but sometimes it is very hard, because they are unwritten and uncodified.Capturing and managing these real world knowledges, can help manufacturers to reduce their costs by making a better decisions and reusing of virtual models.Firstly these knowledges can clarify consequences and of previous decisions. They can also clarify some hidden and unconsidered issues about decision cases. The Real World Knowledge covers different types of knowledge, such as production reports, maintenance reports or operator experience.Secondly, the real world knowledge, can support to determine the level of virtual confidence (Oscarsson et al., 2015). Virtual models as one kind of virtual knowledge which had been explained before, have been designed to reduce costs by simulating the reality. The correctness and accuracy of a virtual model, clarify the level of confidence for that model and its results, for reusing that model to solve another problem. With comparing of the real world knowledge and virtual models expectations, the accuracy of the model can be evaluated, and the reliability of the model can be measured.There are lots of knowledge management systems have been developed, but most of them are trying to manage the organizational knowledge. The focus of this research is collecting the real world knowledge, in an automotive industry and converting them to the usable and classified format. Afterward, those knowledges should be stored and managed in the extended PLM platform.

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  • 54.
    Morshedzadeh, Iman
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Ng, Amos H. C.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Amouzgar, Kaveh
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Management of virtual models with provenance information in the context of product lifecycle management: industrial case studies2019In: Product Lifecycle Management (Volume 4): The Case Studies / [ed] John Stark, Cham: Springer, 2019, 1, p. 153-170Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using virtual models instead of physical models can help industries reduce the time and cost of developments, despite the time consuming process of building virtual models. Therefore, reusing previously built virtual models instead of starting from scratch can eliminate a large amount of work from users. Is having a virtual model enough to reuse it in another study or task? In most cases, not. Information about the history of that model makes it clear for the users to decide if they can reuse this model or to what extent the model is needed to be modified. A provenance management system (PMS) has been designed to manage provenance information, and it has been used with product lifecycle management system (PLM) and computer-aided technologies (CAx) to save and present historical information about a virtual model. This chapter presents a sequence-based framework of the CAx-PLM-PMS chain and two application case studies considering the implementation of this framework.

  • 55.
    Morshedzadeh, Iman
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Oscarsson, Jan
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Ng, Amos H. C.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Aslam, Tehseen
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Frantzén, Marcus
    Volvo Car Corporation, Skövde, Sweden.
    Multi-level management of discrete event simulation models in a product lifecycle management framework2018In: Procedia Manufacturing, E-ISSN 2351-9789, Vol. 25, p. 74-81Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Discrete event simulation (DES) models imitates the behavior of a production system. Models can be developed to reflect different levels of the production system, e.g supply chain level or manufacturing line level. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems have been developed in order to manage product and manufacturing related data. DES models is one kind of product lifecycle’s data which can be managed by a PLM system. This paper presents a method and its implementation for management of interacting multi-level models utilizing a PLM system.

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  • 56.
    Morshedzadeh, Iman
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Oscarsson, Jan
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Ng, Amos H. C.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Jeusfeld, Manfred A.
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    Sillanpaa, Janne
    InterSystems Sweden AB, Stockholm.
    Product lifecycle management with provenance management and virtual models: an industrial use-case study2018In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 72, p. 6p. 1190-1195Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Saving and managing virtual models’ provenance information (models’ history) can increase the level of reusability of those models. This paper describes a provenance management system (PMS) that has been developed based on an industrial case study.

    The product lifecycle management (PLM) system, as a main data management system, is responsible for receiving virtual models and their related data from Computer-Aided technologies (CAx) and providing this information for the PMS. In this paper, the management of discrete event simulation data with the PLM system will be demonstrated as the first link of provenance data management chain (CAx-PLM-PMS).

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  • 57.
    Morshedzadeh, Iman
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Oscarsson, Jan
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Ng, Amos H.C.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Jeusfeld, Manfred A.
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    Jenefeldt, Anders
    Volvo Cars Corporation, Skövde, Sweden.
    Real World Data Identification and Classification for Support of Virtual Confidence2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shortening of the product development process time is one of the main approaches for all enterprises to offer their products to the market. Virtual manufacturing tools can help companies to reduce their time to market, by reduction of the engineering lead time. Extensive use of virtual engineering models results in a need for verification of the model’s accuracy. This virtual engineering usability and assessment have been named virtual confidence. The two main factors of the achievement of this confidence are the accuracy of the virtual models and the virtual engineering results.

    For controlling of both above factors, a complete virtual model and related virtual model knowledge are needed. These knowledges can be tacit or explicit. For exploring explicit knowledge, a data and information collection from different disciplines in the organization is needed.

    In this paper, a data map with focus on the manufacturing engineering scope will be presented. This data map is generated from different data sources at a manufacturing plant, and gives an overview of different data that exist at different data sources, in the area of manufacturing. Combining real world data from different sources with virtual engineering model data supports, amongst others, establishment of virtual confidence.

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  • 58.
    Nilsson, Jonathan
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    FÖRFLYTTNINGSEGENSKAPER ISTILISERADE RÖRELSER: En studie om generaliserbaraanimationskurvor2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    FÖRFLYTTNINGSEGENSKAPER ISTILISERADE RÖRELSER
  • 59.
    Nilsson, Stefan
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    Vägplanering med slumpmässig genusfördelning i genetiska algoritmer2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här studien beskriver en undersökning som tittar på prestationsskillnaden på engenetisk algoritm (GA) med kön, mot en GA utan kön. Den tittar även påprestationsskillnaden mellan en GA utan kön och en GA med slumpmässig könsfördelning.Problemet som algoritmerna är applicerade på innefattar vägplanering över en kontinuerlig,procedurell 2d-miljö som är uppbyggd av polygoner med olika färdkostnad. Den lämpligasteindividen blir den med lägst färdkostnad, som alltså hittar den billigaste vägen mellan tvåfasta punkter. Observera att problemet är fullständigt statiskt genom alla körningar.Utfallet tyder på att GA’n med kön producerar märkbart bättre resultat, oavsett omkönsdistribueringen var konstant eller slumpmässig. De genetiska algoritmerna med könuppvisade också en mindre tendens att konvergera, vilket tyder på att införandet av kön ialgoritmen hade den hypotiserade effekten. Införandet av slumpmässig könsfördelning tycksha resulterat i en mer konstant diversitet.Vidare arbete skulle kunna innefatta en jämförelse mellan genetiska algoritmer med ochutan kön för fler typer av problem. Detta skulle kunna leda till en allmän teori somsammanfattar könets påverkan på de genetiska algoritmerna allmänt. Vidare studier skulleäven kunna titta på hur kön påverkar diversiteten i algoritmen, genom att göra sammajämförelser, men istället titta på hur den genetiska diversiteten utvecklas över tid.

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  • 60.
    Petropoulos, Fotios
    et al.
    School of Management, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
    Kourentzes, Nikolaos
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment. Centre for Marketing Analytics and Forecasting, Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University, United Kingdom.
    Ziel, Florian
    House of Energy Markets and Finance, University of Duisburg–Essen, Germany.
    Forecasting: theory and practice2022In: International Journal of Forecasting, ISSN 0169-2070, E-ISSN 1872-8200, Vol. 38, no 3, p. 705-871Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a variety of real-life contexts. We do not claim that this review is an exhaustive list of methods and applications. However, we wish that our encyclopedic presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of forecasting theory and practice. Given its encyclopedic nature, the intended mode of reading is non-linear. We offer cross-references to allow the readers to navigate through the various topics. We complement the theoretical concepts and applications covered by large lists of free or open-source software implementations and publicly-available databases. 

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  • 61.
    Pour, Pouya Aghaei
    et al.
    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
    Bandaru, Sunith
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment.
    Afsar, Bekir
    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
    Emmerich, Michael
    Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
    Miettinen, Kaisa
    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
    A Performance Indicator for Interactive Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Methods2023In: IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, ISSN 1089-778X, E-ISSN 1941-0026Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization methods have been getting more and more attention. In these methods, a decision maker, who is a domain expert, is iteratively involved in the solution process and guides the solution process toward her/his desired region with preference information. However, there have not been many studies regarding the performance evaluation of interactive evolutionary methods. On the other hand, indicators have been developed for a priori methods, where the DM provides preference information before optimization. In the literature, some studies treat interactive evolutionary methods as a series of a priori steps when assessing and comparing them. In such settings, indicators designed for a priori methods can be utilized. In this paper, we propose a novel performance indicator for interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization methods and show how it can assess the performance of these interactive methods as a whole process and not as a series of separate steps. In addition, we demonstrate the shortcomings of using indicators designed for a priori methods for comparing interactive evolutionary methods. IEEE

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  • 62.
    Reyes Aguilera, Paula
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Trujillo Rufino, Maria Teresa
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    3D virtual space for collaborative design reviews2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The PLENUM group, formed by researchers and developers of XR methods, aims to develop functions and spaces in virtual reality to improve the design environment. In the field of design reviews, although design reviews are now increasingly being conducted digitally, teams are still reliant on video conferencing software, as currently no dedicated tools are available. Due to the unique nature of design reviews, current solutions are inadequate. Therefore, this project aims to create a virtual design review space for collaborative design reviews. It will also be defined in this project a guideline for realising virtual design review spaces. Initially, a literature study was carried out to understand the concepts of design review, virtual reality and virtual spaces, among others. User and empirical studies were conducted to gather information on user feedback and further define the requirements. Based on the gathered information, concepts were generated and subsequently transferred to Blender. The implementation and testing was carried out in Unreal engine through the screen, keyboard and mouse, as well as through the virtual reality glasses Metaquest 2 from Oculus.

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  • 63.
    Riabichev, Pavel
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    FEASABILITY STUDY FOR ROBOTIC HANDLING OF PROTECTIVE SHIMS AT CONDUCTOR CAROUSEL: Bachelor Degree Project in Automation Engineering2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report provides a Feasibility study on automating the handling of shims that protect the cable conductor from being damaged. The shims also help keeping the conductor on the inside of the carousel. The methods of the project includes:  A Technological-, Economic-, Legal-, Operational- and Schedule Feasibility Study  A RobotStudio offline simulation utilized for positioning an ABB robot and testing that its control program is made in accordance with required safety, reliability, and speed.  An analysis of robotic tools and sensors required for the task  A cost and payback analysis The approach is to create a simulation where an IRB6650S ABB robot is used for placing shims onto the conductor carousel. Eventually the robot is supposed to remove shims from the carousel, as the conductor is taken up for extrusion of plastic isolation. The pallets of shims are to be placed on an existing table lift that can elevate or be lowered vertically according to cable growth or decrease. This is so that the robot motion and cycle time can be minimized and shim handling speed increased. The robot makes a “searching motion” which gives the height coordinate as the gripper collides with a shim or cable at the carousel. This coordinate is further used to estimate the height of the cable at the carousel and the height of the shim-stack at the palette. The table lift elevates or lowers according to the height that is provided from the “search motion”. A separation magazine, which is placed on the table lift, stores a set of pre-separated shims for one layer of cable conductor at the carousel. This is to avoid separating shims during the handling period and to speed up the shim handling. During the up taking of the conductor and as the shims are supposed to be picked off from the carousel, the robot uses the angular positions of already placed shims that are saved during the placing process, in order to find the shims at the carousel. The vacuum gripper consists of two foam-gripper systems, which are connected with aluminum profiles. The foam can be formed according to the grooves of the shim and enclose the surface in order to create vacuum and to grip the shim. The gripper is equipped with two collision sensors at each foamgripper that indicate when it is time to apply vacuum or when to release it. It was found that the robot is able to handle shims 42% faster than the manual workers are. The initial investment for the robot, equipment and implementation was estimated to one million SEK. A payback period was estimated to 8 years and if the robot will be used for two carousels, the payback period will be 4 years. The conclusion is that the implementation of the robot is feasible for this application in every aspect of the study, and the implementation can be recommended. The implementation is not feasible, only if there is another project that can prove to be more economically beneficial, that should be invested in first.

  • 64.
    Rodriguez, Erik
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    Hur påverkar VR spelupplevelsen i lugna spel?2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna artikel presenterar skillnaderna inom spelupplevelse för spel som kan spelas i både VR (Virtual Reality, eng. för virtuell verklighet) och på en datorskärm samt hur dessa kan leda till cybersickness (åksjuka). VR blir alltmer lättillgängligt och används ofta inom media, men är spelupplevelsen verkligen bättre i VR och gäller detta för alla spelgenrer? Spelet som studien utförs på är ett lugnt spel, där hot och tidsbaserade uppgifter inte existerar. Spelet är skapat i spelmotorn Unity, kan spelas på båda plattformarna och anses ha spelgenren ”Walking Simulator”. Genom att hålla spelsessioner med olika deltagare så insamlades relevant data för studien. Den insamlade datan visar att det inte funnits någon större skillnad i spelupplevelse mellan versionerna. Trots detta så har majoriteten av deltagarna föredragit VR-versionen.

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  • 65.
    Romin, Rebecca
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics.
    Spelares syn på huvudkaraktärers kön i spel: En kvantitativ studie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Majoriteten av huvudkaraktärer i spel är manliga vilket enligt exponeringseffekten kan innebära att spelare som exponeras för manliga karaktärer börjar acceptera och uppskatta det manliga könet som det rätta könet på huvudkaraktärer i spel. Dock visar studier kring identifikation i spel att spelare, om möjlighet ges, oftast skapar avatarer med sitt eget kön för att kunna identifiera sig med dem. Med hjälp av ett textbaserat spel med en könsneutral huvudkaraktär utfördes en kvantitativ undersökning med frågeställningen: “Hur ser korrelationen ut mellan vilket kön spelare identifierar sig med och vilket kön de läser in i en könsneutral huvudkaraktär?”. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av respondenterna läste in sitt eget kön på grund av identifikation, men att fall även fanns där inget eller det motsatta könet lästes in. Alltså är det fler faktorer än identifikation som påverkar valet av inläsning av kön. Framtida arbete kan kretsa kring vilka dessa faktorer är.

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  • 66.
    Rosén, Julia
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    Are ethics overlooked in the field of Human-Robot Interaction?2019In: Proceedings of the 15th SweCog Conference / [ed] Linus Holm; Erik Billing, Skövde: University of Skövde , 2019, p. 19-19Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There are, in any scientific research practice, ethical guidelines to adhere to. For example, the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct by the American Psychological Association (2017), WMA Declaration of Helsinki by the World Medical Association (2018), and Ethics for Researchers by the European Commission (2013), all offer principles on how to conduct research ethically. Although the formulations of guidelines vary, the following aspects are usually included: data protection, privacy, informed consent, deception, and debriefing. However, these aspects are rarely explicitly addressed in publications in the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Proper ethical conduct is an integral part of scientific research and ought to be included in this field as well. There might be societal implications if participants in HRI studies are deceived regarding the actual capabilities of social robots. 

    A literature study is planned in order to investigate and analyse how ethical issues are considered in publications from the HRI 2018 conference, e.g., what ratio of publication dealing with human participants mention ethical aspects explicitly. The aim is to contribute to a methodology in HRI where ethical aspects have a significant bearing.

  • 67.
    Ruiz Zúñiga, Enrique
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Urenda Moris, Matías
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    The Internet of Things, Factory of Things and Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing: Current and Future Implementations2017In: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXI: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Incorporating the 32nd National Conference on Manufacturing Research, September 5–7, 2017, University of Greenwich, UK / [ed] James Gao, Mohammed El Souri, Simeon Keates, IOS Press, 2017, p. 221-226Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the currently rapidly changing industrialized world, globalization,product customization and automation are playing an imposing role in thedevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Nowadays, the innovative concepts ofThe Internet of Things, Factory of Things and Industry 4.0 are aimed torevolutionize the way technology can help improve production around the world.While in some international corporations these concepts are being deeply studiedand are starting to be implemented, also in middle-size and large manufacturers itis clear they could contribute with many advantages; however, skepticism anduncertainty are still present among managers and stakeholders. In this paper, thecurrent and coming state-of-the-art technology and implementation of the Factoryof Things paradigm are presented and examples of the current implementation inglobal manufacturing companies are analyzed. Additionally, this article willdiscuss the potential implementation of this Industry 4.0 in a large manufacturer,and how it can help increase the control and efficiency of production, materialflows, internal logistics and production planning.

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  • 68.
    Ruiz Zúñiga, Enrique
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Urenda Moris, Matías
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    A simulation-based multi-objective optimization approach for production and logistics considering the production layout2016In: Proceedings of the 7th Swedish Production Symposium, 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Manufacturing sectors in Sweden have a long tradition and represent a significant share of the national gross domestic product and the export values. Most of the Swedish manufacturing companies have gone through a modernization and adaptation process in order to be able to compete on a globalized market. Many plants, however, still have non-optimized shop floors as a consequence of the shop floors being adapted over time without redesigning its production and logistics flows and with a lack of an overall strategy. To support the optimization of shop floors, this paper suggests the combined use of Discrete-Event Simulation and Simulation-Based Multi-objective Optimization. The aim of the paper is to analyze a simulation methodology that supports the optimization of shop floors by considering production and logistics flows along with the shop floor layout. The methodology is intended to contribute to significantly increase the productivity and efficiency of the Swedish manufacturing industry and help companies to survive on the globalized market. Through a case study, the paper shows that the proposed methodology is useful in practice and that it provides a decision support system for manufacturing companies.

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  • 69.
    Ruiz Zúñiga, Enrique
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Urenda Moris, Matías
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Production Logistics Design and Development Support: A Simulation-Based Optimization Case Study (WIP)2016In: SummerSim'16, 2016 July 24-27, Palais des congres de Montreal (Montreal Convention Center) | Montreal, Quebec, Canada / [ed] Society for Modeling & Simulation International (SCS), The Society for Modeling and Simulation International, 2016, p. 56:1-56:6, article id 56Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Manufacturing sectors in Sweden have a long history that leads to common non-optimized flows on the shop floor. Especially when having a really high product mix and a low-volume of customized products, a great deal of effort with respect to flow optimization is needed to stay present and compete in the globalized market. The goal of this project is to support the design and development of the implementation of new production systems and logistics flows considering the shop floor plant layout of a Swedish middle-size water pumps factory. In this paper, with the help of different types of simulation models and optimization, some results of a new technologically adapted production line are analyzed and relevant information and potential improvements in the production are found. The further development of optimization studies using the exiting simulation models is stated as ongoing and future work. The obtained and potential results can serve for decision makers and stakeholders to apply changes and adaptations in the system considering the mid and long term goals of the company.

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    SummerSim Enrique Ruiz
  • 70.
    Saevarsdottir, Saeunn
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Removable Bollard Design for the Royal Parks in London2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report describes a Bachelor Degree project in product development completed in co-operation with the Royal Parks in London and submitted to the University of Skövde. The aim of the project was to design and develop a removable bollard intended to separate traffic in a bi-direction cycle lane in central London. The goal was to develop a lightweight yet robust removable bollard that complimented the historical surroundings and had a simple storage solution.

    With thorough background research, established ideation methods and strategic evaluation a suitable solution was found. The final design was an innovative bollard made out of recycled plastic and specially adapted for simple removal and storage. It is a bollard that would successfully mark the cycle lane and is both lightweight and stackable. 

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    RemovableBollardDesign-BachelorDegreeProject-SaeunnRut
  • 71.
    Saiti, Adel
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Ringbom, Jonas
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Datainsamling till simulering med hjälp av videokamera och bildbehandling2019Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study is to investigate the possibility of using a video camera and the image processing algorithms to obtain data for simulation through tracking people’s movement. The theoretical frame of reference and literature studies are used to get an in-depth knowledge about simulation and how people are tracked with tracking algorithms. To investigate the possibility, a code has been created that uses image processing algorithms from OpenCv. These algorithms that have been used have been evaluated with four experiments in two different environments, one store environment and one industrial environment. The experiments have been used to record video on people’s movements in these two environments. The video recordings have been made with the created code and the image processing algorithms to analyze the performance of the tracking algorithms and if time can be obtained. The result of the analysis shows that the time can be obtained if a person is used in the video scene. The obtained times have been compared with manual time studies. The result shows that the average error is 0, 1 seconds and the standard deviation is 0, 27 seconds.

    When there are more people that are being tracked in the video scene, the result shows that they are not possible to obtain times for simulation. This is because the algorithms are failing to track, factors such as joining, color, direction, occlusion and movement of static objects affect the tracking of the algorithms. This contributes that the times obtained are not reliable and thereby have not been compared with manual time’s studies.

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  • 72.
    Salin, Hannes
    et al.
    School of Information and Engineering, Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Lundgren, Martin
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment.
    A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems2023In: Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, ISSN 2624-800X, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 591-609Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) are an important development for society. C-ITSs enhance road safety, improve traffic efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation through interconnected and intelligent communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and traffic-management systems. Many real-world implementations still consider traditional Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) as the underlying trust model and security control. However, there are challenges with the PKI-based security control from a scalability and revocation perspective. Lately, certificateless cryptography has gained research attention, also in conjunction with C-ITSs, making it a new type of security control to be considered. In this study, we use certificateless cryptography as a candidate to investigate factors affecting decisions (not) to adopt new types of security controls, and study its current gaps, key challenges and possible enablers which can influence the industry. We provide a qualitative study with industry specialists in C-ITSs, combined with a literature analysis of the current state of research in certificateless cryptographic in C-ITS. It was found that only 53% of the current certificateless cryptography literature for C-ITSs in 2022–2023 provide laboratory testing of the protocols, and 0% have testing in real-world settings. However, the trend of research output in the field has been increasing linearly since 2016 with more than eight times as many articles in 2022 compared to 2016. Based on our analysis, using a five-phased Innovation-Decision Model, we found that key reasons affecting adoption are: availability of proof-of-concepts, knowledge beyond current best practices, and a strong buy-in from both stakeholders and standardization bodies. 

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  • 73.
    Salunkhe, Omkar
    et al.
    Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Quadrini, Walter
    Department of Management, Economics, and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Wang, Hao
    Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Stahre, Johan
    Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Romero, David
    Department of Industrial Engineering and Mechatronics, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Del Puente 222, Mexico City, Mexico.
    Fumagalli, Luca
    Department of Management, Economics, and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
    Lämkull, Dan
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. Manufacturing Engineering, Volvo Car Corporation, PVH36, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Review of Current Status and Future Directions for Collaborative and Semi-Automated Automotive Wire Harnesses Assembly2023In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 120, p. 696-701Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wire harnesses are vital for any modern automotive vehicle. They control the basic functions in a vehicle, for example, windshield wipers and critical functions such as sensors, cameras, and autopilot functions. Thus, the quality of wire harness assembly is highly important. Today, wire harnesses are usually assembled manually, which creates unergonomic and tedious working conditions for operators. Traditional and collaborative industrial robots have been identified as possible solutions to overcome challenges faced by operators in this type of assembly. The international research community has proposed many solutions for automating the assembly of wire harnesses in automotive vehicles but despite these solutions, the industry has not been able to adopt a method to automate this assembly process fully or partially. This paper presents a review of findings on robot-assisted wire harness assembly processes based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, the assembly of wire harnesses in Electric Vehicles (EVs). The state-of-the-art review focuses on solutions to improve unergonomic work situations and ensure the quality of assembly operations. Best practices and reasons for the lack of extensive implementation in automotive final assembly systems are described. Further, the paper presents suggestions based on success stories where the automation of the wire harness assembly in automotive vehicles has been realised by leveraging human-centred automation solutions. Based on the findings, this paper identifies the research for future study. The findings also indicate that there is already technology that can support the automation of wire harness assembly processes in EVs but it is crucial to identify the human aspects and the role of humans in the assembly of wire harness assembly process. 

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  • 74.
    Schmitt, Thomas
    et al.
    Scania CV AB, Smart Factory Lab, Södertälje, Sweden ; Uppsala University, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Viklund, Philip
    Scania CV AB, Smart Factory Lab, Södertälje, Sweden ; Uppsala University, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sjölander, Martina
    Scania CV AB, Smart Factory Lab, Södertälje, Sweden ; Uppsala University, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hanson, Lars
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment.
    Amouzgar, Kaveh
    Uppsala University, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Urenda Moris, Matías
    Uppsala University, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Augmented reality for machine monitoring in industrial manufacturing: framework and application development2023In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, p. 1327-1332Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Enhancing data visualization on the shop floor provides support for dealing with the increasing complexity of production and the need for progressing towards emerging goals like energy efficiency. It enables personnel to make informed decisions based on real-time data displayed on user-friendly interfaces. Augmented reality (AR) technology provides a promising solution to this problem by allowing for the visualization of data in a more immersive and interactive way. The aim of this study is to present a framework to visualize live and historic data about energy consumption in AR, using Power BI and Unity, and discuss the applications' capabilities. The study demonstrated that both Power BI and Unity can effectively visualize near-real-time machine data with the aid of appropriate data pipelines. While both applications have their respective strengths and limitations, they can support informed decision-making and proactive measures to improve energy utilization. Additional research is needed to examine the correlation between energy consumption and production dynamics, as well as to assess the user-friendliness of the data presentation for effective decision-making support. 

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  • 75.
    Serrano Salazar, Talia
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    Aspizua Sáez, Lucía
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    DESIGN OF FURNITURE FOR SMALL PLACES FOLLOWING INCLUSIVE DESIGN2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of the project was to develop a furniture set that consists of a multifunctional bed and a cabinet. A pre-study was performed to define the problem area and to set the requirements for the furniture. The pre-study included: studies and discussions at the associated company, literature review within the field, user survey, market search and ergonomics study. When the specification was set and clarified, the concept generation phase was started. Design methods were used to structure and support the design activity. In addition, principles of inclusive design were followed in order to end up with a design that would fit a larger part of the targeted customer group. The generated design concepts were assessed according to fulfilment of set requirements. One final concept was chosen for further development in the following detail design phase. This activity included specifying the design in detail, e.g. related to materials, colours and accessories. The collaboration with the company was essential during the whole project for getting inspiration, feedback and important inputs to the design activity. Hence, the company’s opinions were continuously considered along the design process. A prototype was made of the final design and tests were performed to assess the design and to get input for further development. 

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    Final project Talia Serrano and Lucía Aspizua
  • 76.
    Strand, Mattias
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Geertsen, André
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    A Decision Support System for Sustainable Waste Collection2017In: International Journal of Decision Support System Technology, ISSN 1941-6296, E-ISSN 1941-630X, Vol. 9, no 4, p. 49-65, article id 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a decision support system (DSS) for making the waste collection process more sustainable. Currently, waste collection schedules and routes are created manually in most waste management organizations. Thisis both very time consuming and likely to result in poorsolutions, as the task is extremely difficult due to the large number of bins combined with the many parametersto be considered simultaneously. With a sophisticated DSS, it becomes possible to addressthe complexities of optimal waste collection and improve sustainability—not least from the environmental perspective. The DSS proposed here is designed to be used on the operational level in the waste management organization and supports daily operations and activities. System evaluation indicatesthat it can reduce truck operating time by approximately 25%, corresponding to a saving of approximately 21,300 kg of carbon dioxide and 187 kg of nitrogen oxides per year and truck.

  • 77.
    Strandgren, Victor
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    Framtidens Ljudsystem: Utveckling av ett trådlöst och akustiskt unikt högtalarsystem med interaktivt styrcenter2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report shows the development and production of active, wireless hifi-speakers, where theories about some unique acoustic phenomena are tested and confirmed. The speakers are intended to be used as exhibits and design concepts. Also, an associated control system was developed.

     

    The work began with a comprehensive pilot study that included user survey and a competitor study. The pilot study resulted in a requirement specification which worked as a steering document through the design process. An important part through the project was also to use an consistently design in all of the parts in the system, and the design was built by shapes which gave positive results for the acoustics. This meant that the sound capacity could be optimized and mixed with an attractive design.

     

    The result was two, fully functional hi-fi speakers, made for the client Transient Design as a design concept. It also became a finished speaker series with the front speakers in two sizes, tripod speakers, and an interactive control system. The unique part of this system is partly the combination of the wireless full registry speakers, which puts the hifi-sound in the centre and interacts with head unit, and partly the horn which the speakers have its base design from. The principals of this horn give the speakers a unique character

     

    A discussion in which the project team reflects more about the workflow and the result is found at the end of the report.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 78.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Ayani, Mikel
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Holm, Magnus
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Wang, Lihui
    Royal Institute of Technology.
    Lindgren-Brewster, Rodney
    Volvo Cars Engine, Skövde, Sweden.
    Localizing Operators in the Smart Factory: A Review of Existing Techniques and systems2016In: Proceedings of 2016 International Symposium on Flexible Automation, IEEE Computer Society, 2016, p. 186-192Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper to give a comprehensive overview of existing techniques and state-of-the-art systems for indoor localization that could be adopted in smart factories of the future. We present different techniques for calculating the position of a moving object using signal transmission and signal measurement,and compare their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also includes a discussion of various localization systems available in the market and compares their most important features. It ends with a discussion of important issues to consider in future work in order to fully implement indoor, real-time localization of operators in the smart factory.

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  • 79.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Danielsson, Oscar
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Gustavsson, Patrik
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Augmented Reality Smart Glasses in the Smart Factory: Product Evaluation Guidelines and Review of Available Products2017In: IEEE Access, E-ISSN 2169-3536, Vol. 5, p. 9118-9130, article id 7927376Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Augmented reality smart glasses (ARSG) are increasingly popular and have been identified as a vital technology supporting shop-floor operators in the smart factories of the future. By improving our knowledge of how to efficiently evaluate and select ARSG for the shop-floor context, this paper aims to facilitate and accelerate the adoption of ARSG by the manufacturing industry. The market for ARSG has exploded in recent years, and the large variety of products to select from makes it not only difficult but also time consuming to identify the best alternative. To address this problem, this paper presents an efficient step-by-step process for evaluating ARSG, including concrete guidelines as to what parameters to consider and their recommended minimum values. Using the suggested evaluation process, manufacturing companies can quickly make optimal decisions about what products to implement on their shop floors. The paper demonstrates the evaluation process in practice, presenting a comprehensive review of currently available products along with a recommended best buy. The paper also identifies and discusses topics meriting research attention to ensure that ARSG are successfully implemented on the industrial shop floor.

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  • 80.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Danielsson, Oscar
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Holm, Magnus
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Wang, Lihui
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre. Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Visual Assembling Guidance Using Augmented Reality2015In: Procedia Manufacturing, ISSN 2351-9789, Vol. 1, p. 98-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes a study of using the concept of augmented reality for supporting assembly line workers in carrying out their task optimally. By overlaying virtual information on real world objects – and thereby enhance the human’s perception of reality – augmented reality makes it possible to improve the visual guidance to the workers.  In the study, a prototype system is developed based on the Oculus Rift platform and evaluated using a simulated assembling task. The main aim is to investigate user acceptance and how this can possible be improved. 

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  • 81.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Ekblom, Tom
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    A comparative evaluation of the GPU vs. the CPU for parallelization of evolutionary algorithms through multiple independent runs2017In: International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT), ISSN 0975-4660, E-ISSN 0975-3826, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 1-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multiple independent runs of an evolutionary algorithm in parallel are often used to increase the efficiency of parameter tuning or to speed up optimizations involving inexpensive fitness functions. A GPU platform is commonly adopted in the research community to implement parallelization, and this platform has been shown to be superior to the traditional CPU platform in many previous studies. However, it is not clear how efficient the GPU is in comparison with the CPU for the parallelizing multiple independent runs, as the vast majority of the previous studies focus on parallelization approaches in which the parallel runs are dependent on each other (such as master-slave, coarse-grained or fine-grained approaches). This study therefore aims to investigate the performance of the GPU in comparison with the CPU in the context of multiple independent runs in order to provide insights into which platform is most efficient. This is done through a number of experiments that evaluate the efficiency of the GPU versus the CPU in various scenarios. An analysis of the results shows that the GPU is powerful, but that there are scenarios where the CPU outperforms the GPU. This means that a GPU is not the universally best option for parallelizing multiple independent runs and that the choice of computation platform therefore should be an informed decision. To facilitate this decision and improve the efficiency of optimizations involving multiple independent runs, the paper provides a number of recommendations for when and how to use the GPU.

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  • 82.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Gustavsson, Patrik
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Robust product sequencing through evolutionary multi-objective optimisation2015In: International Journal of Manufacturing Research, ISSN 1750-0591, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 371-383Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes a study on efficient optimisation of real-world product sequencing problems with the aim of finding robust solutions. Robust solutions are insensitive to unforeseen disturbances in a manufacturing process, which is a critical characteristic for a successful realisation of optimisation results in manufacturing. In the paper, the traditional method of achieving robust solutions is extended by using standard deviation as an additional optimisation objective. This transforms the original single-objective optimisation problem into a multi-objective problem. Using standard deviation as an additional objective focuses the optimisation on solutions that have both high performance and a high degree of robustness (that is, a low standard deviation). In order to optimise the two objectives simultaneously, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on the Pareto approach is used. The multi-objective method for increased robustness is evaluated using both a benchmark problem and a real-world test case. The real-world test case is from GKN Aerospace in Sweden which manufactures components for aircraft engines and aero-derivative gas turbines. Results from the evaluation show that the method successfully increases the robustness while maintaining high performance of the optimisation.

  • 83.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Holm, Magnus
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Danielsson, Oscar
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Wang, Lihui
    Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindgren Brewster, Rodney
    Volvo Cars Engine, Skövde, Sweden.
    Support Systems on the Industrial Shop-floors of the Future: Operators' Perspective on Augmented Reality2016In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 44, p. 108-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With augmented reality, virtual information can be overlaid on the real world in order to enhance a human’s perception of reality. In this study, we aim to deepen the knowledge of augmented reality in the shop-floor context and analyze its role within smart factories of the future. The study evaluates a number of approaches for realizing augmented reality and discusses advantages and disadvantages of different solutions from a shop-floor operator’s perspective. The evaluation is done in collaboration with industrial companies, including Volvo Cars and Volvo GTO amongst others. The study also identifies important future research directions for utilizing the full potential of the technology and successfully implement it on industrial shop-floors.

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  • 84.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Rogström, Joel
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    A two-step multi-objectivization method for improved evolutionary optimization of industrial problems2018In: Applied Soft Computing, ISSN 1568-4946, E-ISSN 1872-9681, Vol. 64, p. 331-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-objectivization means that helper objectives are added to an optimization problem with the purpose of altering the search space in a way that improves the progress of the optimization algorithm. In this paper, a new method for multi-objectivization is proposed that is based on a two-step process. In the first step, a helper objective that conflicts with the main objective is added, and in the second step a helper objective that is in harmony with, but subservient to, the main objective is added. In contrast to existing methods for multi-objectivization, the proposed method aims at obtaining improved results in real-world optimizations by focusing on three aspects: (a) adding as little extra complexity to the problem as possible, (b) achieving an optimal balance between exploration and exploitation in order to promote an efficient search, and (c) ensuring that the main objective, which is of main interest to the user, is always prioritized. Results from evaluating the proposed method on a complex real-world scheduling problem and a theoretical benchmark problem show that the method outperforms both a traditional single-objective approach and the prevailing method for multi-objectivization. Besides describing the proposed method, the paper also outlines interesting aspects of multi-objectivization to investigate in the future.

  • 85.
    Syberfeldt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Rogström, Joel
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Geertsen, André
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Simulation-based Optimization of a Real-world Travelling Salesman Problem Using an Evolutionary Algorithm with a Repair Function2015In: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, ISSN 2180-124X, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 27-39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a real-world case study of optimizing waste collection in Sweden. The problem, involving approximately 17,000 garbage bins served by three bin lorries, is approached as a travelling salesman problem and solved using simulation-based optimization and an evolutionary algorithm. To improve the performance of the evolutionary algorithm, it is enhanced with a repair function that adjusts its genome values so that shorter routes are found more quickly. The algorithm is tested using two crossover operators, i.e., the order crossover and heuristic crossover, combined with different mutation rates. The results indicate that the order crossover is superior to the heuristics crossover, but that the driving force of the search process is the mutation operator combined with the repair function.

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  • 86.
    Thorvald, Peter
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, The Virtual Systems Research Centre.
    Lindblom, Jessica
    University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre.
    Initial development of a cognitive load assessment tool2014In: Advances in Cognitive Engineering and Neuroergonomics / [ed] Kay Stanney; Kelly S. Hale, AHFE , 2014, p. 223-232Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Interest in cognitive or mental workload has over the last couple of years increased drastically from a manufacturing application perspective.  More and more, people are becoming aware of the cognitive limitations that may have great impact on production outcome. The more easily observable area of physical ergonomics has been successfully investigated for a long time and it would seem as though focus has broadened to also include cognitive ergonomics. Considering the effects that a large cognitive load has on human performance, knowledge regarding the role of the cognizing human in a manufacturing environment could potentially have significant effect on production outcome (i.e. quality and productivity). With this in mind, developing and using methods and tools for assessment of the cognitive burden associated with particular tasks or workstations should be and is of substantial interest to the manufacturing industry. Whatever assessment methods exist in the scientific literature today are almost exclusively expert tools where significant expertise in the area of cognitive ergonomics/psychology/science is required. This paper reports parts of the development process and initial version of a non-expert tool for assessment of cognitive load in manual production environments, primarily manual assembly.

  • 87.
    Torkelsson, Olle
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Dauksz, Markus
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    DFMA: A Methodology Study and Method Development2014Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Volvo Cars Corporation (VCC) is devoted to Lean and Six Sigma, and has lately considered an imple-mentation of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) with the purpose of improving their product design process and production. The goal for this project work is therefore to investigate if DFMA is a beneficial method for VCC to use, how DFMA can be used and suggest a DFMA method.

    A literature study is performed as a starting point to understand DFMA methods and its possibilities. Scientific articles, technical books and online sources is used during the study in order to gather in-formation regarding DFMA implementations, application areas, approaches and potential risks that need to be eliminated for a successful implementation.

    In order to map the product development and manufacturing processes of VCC interviews are per-formed. The interviews also gathered information regarding what VCC employees thinks of DFMA and how they wish to use it. This information is compiled into a demand specification where the de-mands are weighted after importance by the interviewees.

    After the pre-study, three idea generation sessions is performed with three different focus groups. The generated ideas are then evaluated and classified. The remaining ideas are classified with the purpose of enabling the possibility to use a morphological chart to build whole concepts from the single ideas.

    Three concepts are chosen amongst the generated concepts. These concepts are then evaluated against the weighted demand specification. The concept considered most suitable is further devel-oped which resulted in a proposed DFMA method for VCC. A case study on a product is performed in order to communicate, test and evaluate the final DFMA method.

    The project is rounded off with discussions regarding DFMA and the suggested method from sustain-ability point of view and how to motivate usage. All results and discussions from the project are handed over to the company, enabling further research on a possible implementation of DFMA in the organization.

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    DFMA - A Methodology Study and Method Development
  • 88.
    Torosian, Rojé
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    Elmehag, Elin
    University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society.
    Life Cycle Assessment of an Ocean Energy Power Plant: Evaluation and Analysis of the Energy Payback Time with Comparison Between Sweden and Tanzania2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Energy is an essential asset in the present society. It is needed for transportation, electricity and heating. Fossil fuels, being a limited reserve, are presently the dominating resource from which energy is being used. As indus-tries and consumers around the world use more energy for each passing day it becomes vital to shed some light on how important it is to decrease the global energy demand. Fossil fuels are needed to be replaced by renewa-ble energy sources, such as solar and wind power, in order to obtain a more sustainable development.When a new product is being developed it is usually important to analyze the potential environmental impact, suggestively by conducting a life cycle analysis, prior to manufacturing. Deep Green, being a tidal energy device for generation of electricity, is a product in its initial developing stage. In this thesis a lifecycle assessment has been conducted of the complete product with the purpose of achieving an analysis of how different choices of materials affect the energy usage, CO2 footprint and the energy payback time. Identifications by comparison have been taken into account to determine which component of Deep Green that contributes mostly to the energy usage and CO2 footprint. In addition to the Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, a digital model, created in an Excel workbook, has been developed to simplify calculations of the energy usage, CO2 footprint and energy payback time. The digital model, namely ENCO©, provides the possibility to interchange choice of materials for each component in order to evaluate the potential environmental impact and the energy payback time. Deep Green consist of 34 different components which are included in the LCA but an initial analysis shows that only twelve specific parts contribute largely to the energy usage and the CO2 footprint. The foundation and the wing structure account for 78 % and 15 % respectively of the energy usage along with ten other parts which together stand for an additional 6 %. Remaining 27 parts share the final percentile. Given the materials provided by the company of Minesto the total energy usage and CO2 footprint for the complete product corresponds to approx-imately 4500 GJ and 342 tonne respectively. The foundation is the part of Deep Green that contributes most to the total environmental impact.Depending on the defined materials for each component the energy payback time varies between 220 to 260 days which is to say that a production of Deep Green would be profitable. Nevertheless the conducted LCA has several delimitations which should be reflected upon prior a final decision is made.The resulted Energy Payback time, EP, should be carefully used and presented with the system boundaries, since they affect the EP very much. The outcome of energy consumption and CO2 footprint, depend highly on the choice of end of life management. Based on the result it is recommended that the foundation is left on the sea-bed at the end of its lifecycle to obtain the best EP.An investigation of whether it is possible to position the complete supply-chain within the boundaries of a de-veloping country, namely Tanzania, has also been conducted along with the LCA. It is believed that most of the raw materials, which are necessary for the manufacturing of Deep Green, are mined in Tanzania. It is however possible to import those materials which are not available within the country. When considering Tanzania, as a point of implementation for Deep Green, the energy payback time will become higher compared to Sweden or England since more components need to be imported which in turn generates an increase of transportation.It is recommended that a new calculation of the EP and the carbon footprint are done when Deep Green is fully developed. ENCO© can advantageously be used for this. It is also recommended that the distribution cables and the installation are included.

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    Life Cycle Assessment of an Ocean Energy Power Plant
  • 89.
    Téllez Segura, Alejandro
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Redesign of a wireless remote control: Joystick for industrial environments2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The present work has as aim the fulfilment of redesigning an existing housing for a wireless remote control. This project is carried out in cooperation with the company Tele-Radio AB, which develops, manufactures and markets radio control systems for industrial use. The new intended version must improve its predecessor by fulfilling detailed requirements and needs that have been researched throughout the project. The main followed method is the Engineering design process. It is compiled on the subsequent stages: definition of the problem, background study, requirement specifications, creative methods for generating ideas, concept selection, prototype and communication of results. In general, it has been developed a redesign version with bigger dimensions and implemented new features. These new features are focused on the top surface working area of the remote control; it has been designed with enough space for at least three joysticks and more than two switches of the same measures. Handles have experienced an enhancement in terms of ergonomics and also are adapted for being used whilst wearing industrial gloves. Innovative aesthetic and functionality have been taken into account.

    Download (pdf)
    Alejandro Téllez report
  • 90.
    Vedin, Markus
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Wik, Jonathan
    University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science.
    Styrning av visionkameror för positionsbestämning samt programmering av användargränssnitt: Försvarets materielverk FMV, Test & Evaluering2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is accomplished in the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, FMV in Karlsborg together with the University of Skövde. The thesis of 30 credits is within the main area automation technology.

    FMV in Karlsborg performs different tests of military systems. For one of these tests, industrial cameras are used to decide positions of objects. In order for FMV to operate these cameras they use a demo software which is controlled by laptops. The demo software can be improved because it contains several settings that are never used and also it is only adapted for the control of one camera. The hardware that controls the cameras can also be improved since requested frame rate is not achieved. The purpose of this thesis is to improve the existing hardware for collecting the images from the cameras and develop a new graphical user interface software for the cameras.

    To use the existing hardware better, information about the different parts of the computers have been collected to evaluate bottlenecks. This has been done by studying books and technical rapports and tests of the different computers. A software to control two cameras has been coded and a recommended platform has been described to FMV. The performance of the cameras has been improved with the new software and the steering of the cameras is now easier. 

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    fulltext
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