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  • 1.
    Chaudhari, Aditi
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health and Education. University of Skövde, Health and Education.
    Wettergren, Yvonne
    University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra.
    Kahn, Ronald
    Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, United States.
    Rotter Sopasakis, Victoria
    University of Gothenburg / Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, United states.
    Hepatic deletion of p110α and p85α results in insulin resistance despite sustained IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity2017In: F1000 Research, E-ISSN 2046-1402, Vol. 6, article id 1600Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Class IA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) is an integral mediator of insulin signaling. The p110 catalytic and p85 regulatory subunits of PI3K are the products of separate genes, and while they come together to make the active heterodimer, they have opposing roles in insulin signaling and action. Deletion of hepatic p110α results in an impaired insulin signal and severe insulin resistance, whereas deletion of hepatic p85α results in improved insulin sensitivity due to sustained levels of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Here, we created mice with combined hepatic deletion of p110α and p85α (L-DKO) to study the impact on insulin signaling and whole body glucose homeostasis.Methods: Six-week old male flox control and L-DKO mice were studied over a period of 18 weeks, during which weight and glucose levels were monitored, and glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance test and pyruvate tolerance test were performed. Fasting insulin, insulin signaling mediators, PI3K activity and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity were examined at 10 weeks. Liver, muscle and white adipose tissue weight was recorded at 10 weeks and 25 weeks.Results: The L-DKO mice showed a blunted insulin signal downstream of PI3K, developed markedly impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and had decreased liver and adipose tissue weights. Surprisingly, however, these mice displayed normal hepatic glucose production, normal insulin tolerance, and intact IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity without compensatory upregulated signaling of other classes of PI3K.Conclusions: The data demonstrate an unexpectedly overall mild metabolic phenotype of the L-DKO mice, suggesting that lipid kinases other than PI3Ks might partially compensate for the loss of p110α/p85α by signaling through other nodes than Akt/Protein Kinase B.

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  • 2.
    Chaudhari, Aditi
    et al.
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Krumlinde, Daniel
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundqvist, Annika
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Akyürek, Levent M.
    Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bandaru, Sashidhar
    Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Skålén, Kristina
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ståhlman, Marcus
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Borén, Jan
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wettergren, Yvonne
    Department of Surgery, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre. Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rotter Sopasakis, Victoria
    Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    p110α hot spot mutations E545K and H1047R exert metabolic reprogramming independently of p110α kinase activity2015In: Molecular and Cellular Biology, ISSN 0270-7306, E-ISSN 1098-5549, Vol. 35, no 19, p. 3258-3273Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110α is the most frequently mutated kinase in human cancer, and the hot spot mutations E542K, E545K, and H1047R are the most common mutations in p110α. Very little is known about the metabolic consequences of the hot spot mutations of p110α in vivo. In this study, we used adenoviral gene transfer in mice to investigate the effects of the E545K and H1047R mutations on hepatic and whole-body glucose metabolism. We show that hepatic expression of these hot spot mutations results in rapid hepatic steatosis, paradoxically accompanied by increased glucose tolerance, and marked glycogen accumulation. In contrast, wild-type p110α expression does not lead to hepatic accumulation of lipids or glycogen despite similar degrees of upregulated glycolysis and expression of lipogenic genes. The reprogrammed metabolism of the E545K and H1047R p110α mutants was surprisingly not dependent on altered p110α lipid kinase activity.

  • 3.
    Dahl-Halvarsson, Martin
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Olive, Montse
    Institut Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge – Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
    Pokrzywa, Malgorzata
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health and Education. University of Skövde, Health and Education.
    Palmer, Ruth H.
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Uv, Anne Elisabeth
    University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Tajsharghi, Homa
    University of Skövde, School of Health and Education. University of Skövde, Health and Education.
    Drosophila model of myosin myopathy rescued by overexpression of a TRIM-protein family member2018In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 115, no 28, p. E6566-E6575Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Myosin is a molecular motor indispensable for body movement and heart contractility. Apart from pure cardiomyopathy, mutations in MYH7 encoding slow/β-cardiac myosin heavy chain also cause skeletal muscle disease with or without cardiac involvement. Mutations within the α-helical rod domain of MYH7are mainly associated with Laing distal myopathy. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathology of the recurrent causative MYH7 mutation (K1729del), we have developed a Drosophila melanogaster model of Laing distal myopathy by genomic engineering of the Drosophila Mhc locus. Homozygous MhcK1728del animals die during larval/pupal stages, and both homozygous and heterozygous larvae display reduced muscle function. Flies expressing only MhcK1728del in indirect flight and jump muscles, and heterozygous MhcK1728del animals, were flightless, with reduced movement and decreased lifespan. Sarcomeres of MhcK1728del mutant indirect flight muscles and larval body wall muscles were disrupted with clearly disorganized muscle filaments. Homozygous MhcK1728del larvae also demonstrated structural and functional impairments in heart muscle, which were not observed in heterozygous animals, indicating a dose-dependent effect of the mutated allele. The impaired jump and flight ability and the myopathy of indirect flight and leg muscles associated with MhcK1728del were fully suppressed by expression of Abba/Thin, an E3-ligase that is essential for maintaining sarcomere integrity. This model of Laing distal myopathy in Drosophila recapitulates certain morphological phenotypic features seen in Laing distal myopathy patients with the recurrent K1729del mutation. Our observations that Abba/Thin modulates these phenotypes suggest that manipulation of Abba/Thin activity levels may be beneficial in Laing distal myopathy.

  • 4.
    Dahl-Halvarsson, Martin
    et al.
    Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Olive, Montse
    Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
    Pokrzywa, Malgorzata
    Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Norum, Michaela
    Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Tajsharghi, Homa
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Impaired muscle morphology in a Drosophila model of myosin storage myopathy was supressed by overexpression of an E3 ubiquitin ligase2020In: Disease Models and Mechanisms, ISSN 1754-8403, E-ISSN 1754-8411, Vol. 13, no 12, article id dmm047886Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Myosin is vital for body movement and heart contractility. Mutations in MYH7, encoding slow/ß-cardiac myosin heavy chain, are an important cause of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as skeletal muscle disease. A dominant missense mutation (R1845W) in MYH7 has been reported in several unrelated cases with myosin storage myopathy. We have developed a Drosophila model for a myosin storage myopathy in order to investigate the dose-dependent mechanisms underlying the pathological roles of R1845W mutation. This study shows that higher expression level of the mutated allele is concomitant with severe impairment of muscle function and progressively disrupted muscle morphology. The impaired muscle morphology associated with the mutant allele was supressed by expression of Abba/Thin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase.This Drosophila model recapitulates pathological features seen in myopathy patients with the R1845W mutation and severe ultrastructural abnormalities including extensive loss of thick filaments with selective A-band loss and preservation of I-band and Z-disks were observed in indirect flight muscles of flies with exclusive expression of mutant myosin. Further, the impaired muscle morphology associated with the mutant allele was supressed by expression of Abba/Thin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. These findings suggest that modification of ubiquitin proteasome system may be beneficial in myosin storage myopathy by reducing the impact of MYH7 mutation in patients.

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  • 5.
    Deland, Lily
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Keane, Simon
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Bontell, Thomas O.
    Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fagman, Henrik
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sjögren, Helene
    Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lind, Anders E.
    Clinical Genomics Gothenburg, SciLife Labs, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carén, Helena
    Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Tisell, Magnus
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Jonas A.
    Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Sabel, Magnus
    Childhood Cancer Centre, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Abel, Frida
    Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Novel TPR::ROS1 Fusion Gene Activates MAPK, PI3K and JAK/STAT Signaling in an Infant-type Pediatric Glioma2022In: Cancer Genomics & Proteomics, ISSN 1109-6535, E-ISSN 1790-6245, Vol. 19, no 6, p. 711-726Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND/AIM: Although fusion genes involving the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1 are rare in pediatric glioma, targeted therapies with small inhibitors are increasingly being approved for histology-agnostic fusion-positive solid tumors. PATIENT AND METHODS: Here, we present a 16-month-old boy, with a brain tumor in the third ventricle. The patient underwent complete resection but relapsed two years after diagnosis and underwent a second operation. The tumor was initially classified as a low-grade glioma (WHO grade 2); however, methylation profiling suggested the newly WHO-recognized type: infant-type hemispheric glioma. To further refine the molecular background, and search for druggable targets, whole genome (WGS) and whole transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Concomitant WGS and RNA-Seq analysis revealed several segmental gains and losses resulting in complex structural rearrangements and fusion genes. Among the top-candidates was a novel TPR::ROS1 fusion, for which only the 3' end of ROS1 was expressed in tumor tissue, indicating that wild type ROS1 is not normally expressed in the tissue of origin. Functional analysis by Western blot on protein lysates from transiently transfected HEK293 cells showed the TPR::ROS1 fusion gene to activate the MAPK-, PI3K- and JAK/STAT- pathways through increased phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, STAT and S6. The downstream pathway activation was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue slides from the patient. CONCLUSION: We have mapped the activated oncogenic pathways of a novel ROS1-fusion gene and broadened the knowledge of the newly recognized infant-type glioma subtype. The finding facilitates suitable targeted therapies for the patient in case of relapse. 

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  • 6.
    Deland, Lily
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Keane, Simon
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Olsson Bontell, Thomas
    Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sjögren, Helene
    Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fagman, Henrik
    Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Øra, Ingrid
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Sweden ; HOPE/ITCC Phase I/II Trial Unit, Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    De La Cuesta, Esther
    Pharmaceuticals, Global Medical Affairs–Oncology, Bayer U.S, Whippany, United States.
    Tisell, Magnus
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Jonas A.
    Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Sabel, Magnus
    Childhood Cancer Centre, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Abel, Frida
    Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Discovery of a rare GKAP1-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric low-grade glioma, leading to targeted treatment with TRK-inhibitor larotrectinib2021In: Cancer Biology & Therapy, ISSN 1538-4047, E-ISSN 1555-8576, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 184-195Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here we report a case of an 11-year-old girl with an inoperable tumor in the optic chiasm/hypothalamus, who experienced several tumor progressions despite three lines of chemotherapy treatment. Routine clinical examination classified the tumor as a BRAF-negative pilocytic astrocytoma. Copy-number variation profiling of fresh frozen tumor material identified two duplications in 9q21.32–33 leading to breakpoints within the GKAP1 and NTRK2 genes. RT-PCR Sanger sequencing revealed a GKAP1-NTRK2 exon 10–16 in-frame fusion, generating a putative fusion protein of 658 amino acids with a retained tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. Functional analysis by transient transfection of HEK293 cells showed the GKAP1-NTRK2 fusion protein to be activated through phosphorylation of the TK domain (Tyr705). Subsequently, downstream mediators of the MAPK- and PI3K-signaling pathways were upregulated in GKAP1-NTRK2 cells compared to NTRK2 wild-type; phosphorylated (p)ERK (3.6-fold), pAKT (1.8- fold), and pS6 ribosomal protein (1.4-fold). Following these findings, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and treated with the specific TRK-inhibitor larotrectinib, resulting in the arrest of tumor growth. The patient’s condition is currently stable and the quality of life has improved significantly. Our findings highlight the value of comprehensive clinical molecular screening of BRAF-negative pediatric low-grade gliomas, to reveal rare fusions serving as targets for precision therapy. 

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  • 7.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre. Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Vickes, Oscar
    University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Kuchipudi, Arunakar
    University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Wettergren, Yvonne
    Department of General Surgery, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Uv, Anne
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rotter Sopasakis, Victoria
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The unique non-catalytic C-terminus of p37delta-PI3K adds proliferative properties in vitro and in vivo2015In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 10, no 5, article id e0127497Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The PI3K/Akt pathway is central for numerous cellular functions and is frequently deregulated in human cancers. The catalytic subunits of PI3K, p110, are thought to have a potential oncogenic function, and the regulatory subunit p85 exerts tumor suppressor properties. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a highly suitable system to investigate PI3K signaling, expressing one catalytic, Dp110, and one regulatory subunit, Dp60, and both show strong homology with the human PI3K proteins p110 and p85. We recently showed that p37δ, an alternatively spliced product of human PI3K p110δ, displayed strong proliferation-promoting properties despite lacking the catalytic domain completely. Here we functionally evaluate the different domains of human p37δ in Drosophila. The N-terminal region of Dp110 alone promotes cell proliferation, and we show that the unique C-terminal region of human p37δ further enhances these proliferative properties, both when expressed in Drosophila, and in human HEK-293 cells. Surprisingly, although the N-terminal region of Dp110 and the C-terminal region of p37δ both display proliferative effects, over-expression of full length Dp110 or the N-terminal part of Dp110 decreases survival in Drosophila, whereas the unique C-terminal region of p37δ prevents this effect. Furthermore, we found that the N-terminal region of the catalytic subunit of PI3K p110, including only the Dp60 (p85)-binding domain and a minor part of the Ras binding domain, rescues phenotypes with severely impaired development caused by Dp60 over-expression in Drosophila, possibly by regulating the levels of Dp60, and also by increasing the levels of phosphorylated Akt. Our results indicate a novel kinase-independent function of the PI3K catalytic subunit.

  • 8.
    Fransson, S.
    et al.
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
    Uv, A.
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
    Eriksson, H.
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden.
    Andersson, M. K.
    Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wettergren, Y.
    Department of General Surgery, University of Gothenburg SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bergo, M.
    Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    p37δ is a new isoform of PI3K p110δ that increases cell proliferation and is overexpressed in tumors2012In: Oncogene, ISSN 0950-9232, E-ISSN 1476-5594, Vol. 31, no 27, p. 3277-3286Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate cell growth, proliferation and survival, and are frequently affected in human cancer. PI3K is composed of a catalytic subunit, p110, and a regulatory subunit, p85. The PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ is encoded by PIK3CD and contains p85- and RAS-binding domains, and a kinase domain. Here we present an alternatively spliced PIK3CD transcript encoding a previously unknown protein, p37δ, and demonstrate that this protein is expressed in human ovarian and colorectal tumors. p37δ retains the p85-binding domain and a fraction of the RAS-binding domain, lacks the catalytic domain, and has a unique carboxyl-terminal region. In contrast to p110δ, which stabilizes p85, p37δ promoted p85 sequestering. Despite the truncated RAS-binding domain, p37δ bound to RAS and we found a strong positive correlation between the protein levels of p37δ and RAS. Overexpressing p37δ, but not p110δ, increased the proliferation and invasive properties of HEK-293 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cells overexpressing p37δ showed a quicker phosphorylation response of AKT and ERK1/2 following serum stimulation. Ubiquitous expression of human p37δ in the fruit fly increased body size, DNA content and phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels. Thus, p37δ appears to be a new tumor-specific isoform of p110δ with growth-promoting properties.

  • 9.
    Fransson, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Abel, Frida
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kogner, Per
    Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Martinsson, Tommy
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Stage-dependent expression of PI3K/Akt‑pathway genes in neuroblastoma2013In: International Journal of Oncology, ISSN 1019-6439, E-ISSN 1791-2423, Vol. 42, no 2, p. 609-616Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and survival and has also been implicated in the development of the childhood cancer neuroblastoma. In neuroblastoma high mRNA expression of the PI3K catalytic isoform PIK3CD is associated to favorable disease. Yet, activation of Akt is associated with poor prognosis. Since the contribution of the numerous members of this pathway to neuroblastoma pathogenesis is mainly unknown, genes of the PI3K/Akt pathway were analyzed at the mRNA level through microarrays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan) and at the protein level using western blot analysis. Five genes showed lower mRNA expression in aggressive compared to more favorable neuroblastomas (PRKCZ, PRKCB1, EIF4EBP1, PIK3RI and PIK3CD) while the opposite was seen for PDGFRA. Clustering analysis shows that the expression levels of these six genes can predict aggressive disease. At the protein level, p110δ (encoded by PIK3CD) and p85α isomers (encoded by PIK3R1) were more highly expressed in favorable compared to aggressive neuroblastoma. Evaluation of the expression of these PI3K genes can predict aggressive disease, and indicates stage-dependent involvement of PI3K-pathway members in neuroblastoma.

  • 10.
    Fransson, Susanne
    et al.
    Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre. Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    High level of p37δ-mRNA relative to p110δ-mRNA in neuroblastoma tumors correlates with poor patient survival2013In: Medical Oncology, ISSN 1357-0560, E-ISSN 1559-131X, Vol. 30, no 4, article id 724Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alterations in the PI3K/Akt pathway, a pathway that promotes proliferation and oncogenic transformation, are common in various cancers. In neuroblastoma, activation of Akt is correlated with aggressive disease although mutations in genes of this pathway are rare. Previous findings include a few mutations in PIK3CD, the gene encoding PI3K catalytic subunit delta, p110delta. We recently reported that an alternatively spliced form of p110delta, called p37delta, had cell proliferative properties and was over-expressed in ovarian and colorectal tumors. Here, we investigated p37delta in neuroblastoma primary tumors of different stages using qPCR (TaqMan) for gene expression analysis (46 samples) and Western blot for protein analysis (22 samples). Elevated levels of both p37delta-mRNA and p110delta-mRNA were detected in metastasizing neuroblastoma tumors compared to normal adrenal gland (P<0.05), and higher expression of p37delta-mRNA relative to p110delta-mRNA in neuroblastoma non-survivor patients compared to survivors (P<0.01). p37delta-Protein levels but not p110delta levels correlated with increased pAKT(T308) and pERK levels. The p37delta-mRNA levels did not correlate with the protein levels, indicating major regulation at the translational/protein level. Deregulation of signaling pathways is a hallmark of cancer development. Here, we show that p37delta, a kinase-dead isoform of the PI3K catalytic subunit p110delta, is over-expressed in neuroblastoma tumors, and that it correlates with the activation of both PI3K/Akt- and RAS-signaling pathways.

  • 11.
    Fransson, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden / Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kogner, Per
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Martinsson, Tommy
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre. Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Aggressive neuroblastomas have high p110alpha but low p110delta and p55alpha/p50alpha protein levels compared to low stage neuroblastomas2013In: Journal of Molecular Signaling, E-ISSN 1750-2187, Vol. 8, no 1, article id 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is involved in neuroblastoma development where Akt/PKB activation is associated with poor prognosis. PI3K activity subsequently activates Akt/PKB, and as mutations of PI3K are rare in neuroblastoma and high levels of PI3K subunit p110delta is associated with favorable disease with low p-Akt/PKB, the levels of other PI3K subunits could be important for Akt activation.Methods: Protein levels of Type IA PI3K catalytic and regulatory subunits were investigated together with levels of phosphorylated Akt/PKB and the PI3K negative regulator PTEN in primary neuroblastoma tumors. Relation between clinical markers and protein levels were evaluated through t-tests. Results: We found high levels of p-Akt/PKB correlating to aggressive disease and p-Akt/PKB (T308) showed inverse correlation to PTEN levels. The regulatory isomers p55alpha/p50alpha showed higher levels in favorable neuroblastoma as compared with aggressive neuroblastoma. The PI3K-subunit p110alpha was found mainly in advanced tumors while p110delta showed higher levels in favorable neuroblastoma.Conclusions: Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is seen in neuroblastoma tumors, however the contribution of the different PI3K isoforms is unknown. Here we show that p110alpha is preferentially expressed in aggressive neuroblastomas, with high p-Akt/PKB and p110delta is mainly detected in favorable neuroblastomas, with low p-Akt/PKB. This is an important finding as PI3K-specific inhibitors are suggested for enrollment in treatment of neuroblastoma patients.

  • 12.
    Jurcevic, Sanja
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, Systems Biology Research Environment.
    Keane, Simon
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Borgmästars, Emmy
    Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Sweden.
    Lubovac-Pilav, Zelmina
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, Systems Biology Research Environment.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR). University of Skövde, School of Bioscience.
    Bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in the neuroblastoma 11q-deleted region reveals a role of miR-548l in both 11q-deleted and MYCN amplified tumour cells2022In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 19729Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumour that is responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Neuroblastoma tumours with amplification of the oncogene MYCN are aggressive, however, another aggressive subgroup without MYCN amplification also exists; rather, they have a deleted region at chromosome arm 11q. Twenty-six miRNAs are located within the breakpoint region of chromosome 11q and have been checked for a possible involvement in development of neuroblastoma due to the genomic alteration. Target genes of these miRNAs are involved in pathways associated with cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair. We could show that miR-548l found within the 11q region is downregulated in neuroblastoma cell lines with 11q deletion or MYCN amplification. In addition, we showed that the restoration of miR-548l level in a neuroblastoma cell line led to a decreased proliferation of these cells as well as a decrease in the percentage of cells in the S phase. We also found that miR-548l overexpression suppressed cell viability and promoted apoptosis, while miR-548l knockdown promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Our results indicate that 11q-deleted neuroblastoma and MYCN amplified neuroblastoma coalesce by downregulating miR-548l.

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  • 13.
    Jurcevic, Sanja
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Klinga-Levan, Karin
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Olsson, Björn
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Verification of microRNA expression in human endometrial adenocarcinoma2016In: BMC Cancer, ISSN 1471-2407, E-ISSN 1471-2407, Vol. 16, no 1, article id 261Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in tumor initiation and progression. In a previous study we identified 138 miRNAs as differentially expressed in endometrial adenocarcinoma compared to normal tissues. One of these miRNAs was miRNA-34a, which regulates several genes involved in the Notch pathway, which is frequently altered in endometrial cancer. The aims of this study were to verify the differential expression of a subset of miRNAs and to scrutinize the regulatory role of mir-34a on the target genes NOTCH1 and DLL1. Methods: Twenty-five miRNAs that were previously identified as differentially expressed were subjected to further analysis using qPCR. To investigate the regulation of NOTCH1 and DLL1 by mir-34a, we designed gain- and loss-of-function experiments in Ishikawa and HEK293 cell lines by transfection with a synthetic mir-34a mimic and a mir-34a inhibitor. Results: Of the 25 validated miRNAs, seven were down-regulated and 18 were up-regulated compared to normal endometrium, which was fully consistent with our previous findings. In addition, the up-regulation of mir-34a led to a significant decrease in mRNA levels of NOTCH1 and DLL1, while down-regulation led to a significant increase in mRNA levels of these two genes. Conclusions: We verified both up-regulated and down-regulated miRNAs in the tumor samples, indicating various roles of microRNAs during tumor development. Mir-34a functions as a regulator by decreasing the expression of NOTCH1 and DLL1. Our study is the first to identify a correlation between mir-34a and its target genes NOTCH1 and DLL1 in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

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  • 14.
    Keane, Simon
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Améen, Sophie
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Lindlöf, Angelica
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, Systems Biology Research Environment.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Low DLG2 gene expression, a link between 11q-deleted and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, causes forced cell cycle progression, and predicts poor patient survival2020In: Cell Communication and Signaling, E-ISSN 1478-811X, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood neural crest tumor. There are two groups of aggressive NBs, one with MYCN amplification, and another with 11q chromosomal deletion; these chromosomal aberrations are generally mutually exclusive. The DLG2 gene resides in the 11q-deleted region, thus makes it an interesting NB candidate tumor suppressor gene. METHODS: We evaluated the association of DLG2 gene expression in NB with patient outcomes, stage and MYCN status, using online microarray data combining independent NB patient data sets. Functional studies were also conducted using NB cell models and the fruit fly. RESULTS: Using the array data we concluded that higher DLG2 expression was positively correlated to patient survival. We could also see that expression of DLG2 was inversely correlated with MYCN status and tumor stage. Cell proliferation was lowered in both 11q-normal and 11q-deleted NB cells after DLG2 over expression, and increased in 11q-normal NB cells after DLG2 silencing. Higher level of DLG2 increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase. We detected increased protein levels of Cyclin A and Cyclin B in fruit fly models either over expressing dMyc or with RNAi-silenced dmDLG, indicating that both events resulted in enhanced cell cycling. Induced MYCN expression in NB cells lowered DLG2 gene expression, which was confirmed in the fly; when dMyc was over expressed, the dmDLG protein level was lowered, indicating a link between Myc over expression and low dmDLG level. CONCLUSION: We conclude that low DLG2 expression level forces cell cycle progression, and that it predicts poor NB patient survival. The low DLG2 expression level could be caused by either MYCN-amplification or 11q-deletion. Video Abstract.

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  • 15.
    Keane, Simon
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    de Weerd, Hendrik Arnold
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, Systems Biology Research Environment.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    DLG2 impairs dsDNA break repair and maintains genome integrity in neuroblastoma2022In: DNA Repair, ISSN 1568-7864, E-ISSN 1568-7856, Vol. 112, article id 103302Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    In primary neuroblastoma, deletions on chromosome 11q are known to result in an increase in the total number of chromosomal breaks. The DNA double-strand break repair pathways mediated by NHEJ are often upregulated in cancer. DLG2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11q, has previously been implicated in DNA repair.

    Methods

    We evaluated an association between gene expression and neuroblastoma patient outcome, risk categorization, and 11q status using publicly available microarray data from independent neuroblastoma patient datasets. Functional studies were conducted using comet assay and H2AX phosphorylation in neuroblastoma cell lines and in the fruit fly with UVC-induced DNA breaks.

    Results

    We show that the NHEJ genes PARP1 and FEN1 are over expressed in neuroblastoma and restoration of DLG2 impairs their gene and protein expression. When exposed to UVC radiation, cells with DLG2 over expression show less DNA fragmentation and induce apoptosis in a p53 S46 dependent manner. We could also confirm that DLG2 over expression results in CHK1 phosphorylation consistent with previous reports of G2/M maintenance.

    Conclusions

    Taken together, we show that DLG2 over expression increases p53 mediated apoptosis in response to etoposide and UVC mediated genotoxicity and reduced DNA replication machinery.

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  • 16.
    Keane, Simon
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Herring, Matthew
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, Systems Biology Research Environment.
    Rolny, Peter
    Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wettergren, Yvonne
    Department of Surgery, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SU/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Inflammation suppresses DLG2 expression decreasing inflammasome formation2022In: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, ISSN 0171-5216, E-ISSN 1432-1335, Vol. 149, no 9, p. 2295-2311Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    Loss of expression of DLG2 has been identified in a number of cancers to contribute to the disease by resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation and poor survival. In light of the previous evidence that DLG2 alters the cell cycle and affects proliferation, combined with indications that DLG2 is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome axis we speculated that DLG2 has an immune function. So far, there is no data that clearly elucidates this role, and this study was designed to investigate DLG2 in inflammatory colon disease and in colon cancer as well as its impact on inflammasome induction.

    Methods

    The DLG2 expression levels were established in publicly available inflammation, colon cancer and mouse model datasets. The overexpression and silencing of DLG2 in colon cancer cells were used to determine the effect of DLG2 expression on the activation of the inflammasome and subsequent cytokine release.

    Results

    The expression of DLG2 is repressed in inflammatory colon diseases IBD and Ulcerative colitis as well as colorectal cancer tissue compared to healthy individuals. We subsequently show that induction with inflammatory agents in cell and animal models results in a biphasic alteration of DLG2 with an initial increase followed by an ensuing decrease. DLG2 overexpression leads to a significant increase in expression of IL1B, IκBζ and BAX, components that result in inflammasome formation. DLG2 silencing in THP1 cells resulted in increased release of IL-6 into the microenvironment which once used to treat bystander COLO205 cells resulted in an increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and an increase proliferating cells and more cells in the G2/M phase. Restoration of DLG2 to the colon resulted in reduced AKT and S6 signaling.

    Conclusion

    DLG2 expression is altered in response to inflammation in the gut as well as colon cancer, resulting in altered ability to form inflammasomes.

    Trial registration

    NCT03072641.

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  • 17.
    Keane, Simon
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Martinsson, Tommy
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kogner, Per
    Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    The loss of DLG2 isoform 7/8, but not isoform 2, is critical in advanced staged neuroblastoma2021In: Cancer Cell International, E-ISSN 1475-2867, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Neuroblastoma is a childhood neural crest tumor showing large clinical and genetic heterogeneity, one form displaying 11q-deletion is very aggressive. It has been shown that 11q-deletion results in decreased expression of DLG2, a gene residing in the deleted region. DLG2 has a number of different isoforms with the main difference is the presence or absence of a L27 domain. The L27 domain containing DLG proteins can form complexes with CASK/MPP and LIN7 protein family members, which will control cell polarity and signaling. Methods: We evaluated the DLG gene family and the LIN7 gene family for their expression in differently INSS staged neuroblastoma from publically available data and primary tumors, we included two distinct DLG1 and DLG2 N-terminal transcript isoforms encoding L27 domains for their expression. Functionality of DLG2 isoforms and of LIN7A were evaluated in the 11q-deleted neuroblastoma cell line SKNAS. Results: In neuroblastoma only two DLG2 isoforms were expressed: isoform 2 and isoform 7/8. Using the array data we could determine that higher expression of DLG members that contain L27 domains correlated to better survival and prognosis. Whilst DLG1 showed a decrease in both isoforms with increased INSS stage, only the full length L27 containing DLG2 transcripts DLG2-isoform 7/8 showed a decrease in expression in high stage neuroblastoma. We could show that the protein encoded by DLG2-isoform 7 could bind to LIN7A, and increased DLG2-isoform 7 gene expression increased the expression of LIN7A, this reduced neuroblastoma cell proliferation and viability, with increased BAX/BCL2 ratio indicating increased apoptosis. Conclusion: We have provided evidence that gene expression of the L27 domain containing DLG2-isoform 7/8 but not L27 domain lacking DLG2-isoform 2 is disrupted in neuroblastoma, in particular in the aggressive subsets of tumors. The presence of the complete L27 domain allows for the binding to LIN7A, which will control cell polarity and signaling, thus affecting cancer cell viability. 

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  • 18.
    Lindholm, Heléne
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Szekeres, Ferenc
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Digitoxin Affects Metabolism, ROS Production and Proliferation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Differently Depending on the Cell Phenotype2022In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ISSN 1661-6596, E-ISSN 1422-0067, Vol. 23, no 15, p. 1-14, article id 8237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Digitoxin has repeatedly shown to have negative effects on cancer cell viability; however, the actual mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of digitoxin (1-100 nM) in four pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, Panc-1, and AsPC-1. The cell lines differ in their KRAS/BRAF mutational status and primary tumor or metastasis origin. We could detect differences in the basal rates of cell proliferation, glycolysis, and ROS production, giving the cell lines different phenotypes. Digitoxin treatment induced apoptosis in all four cell lines, but to different degrees. Cells derived from primary tumors (Panc-1 and BxPC-3) were highly proliferating with a high proportion of cells in the S/G2 phase, and were more sensitive to digitoxin treatment than the cell lines derived from metastases (CFPAC-1 and AsPC-1), with a high proportion of cells in G0/G1. In addition, the effects of digitoxin on the rate of glycolysis, ROS production, and proliferation were dependent on the basal metabolism and origin of the cells. The KRAS downstream signaling pathways were not altered by digitoxin treatment, thus the effects exerted by digitoxin were probably disconnected from these signaling pathways. We conclude that digitoxin is a promising treatment in highly proliferating pancreatic tumors.

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  • 19.
    Lindholm, Heléne
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Szekeres, Ferenc
    University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR). University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences.
    Na+/K+‑ATPase subunit α3 expression is associated with the efficacy of digitoxin treatment in pancreatic cancer cells2022In: Medicine International, ISSN 2754-3242, Vol. 2, no 5, article id 27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The alpha subunits (ATP1A1-3) of Na+/K+-ATPase binds digitoxin with varying affinity. The expression levels of these subunits dictate the anticancer effects of digitoxin. In the present study, three pancreatic cancer cell lines, AsPC-1, Panc-1 and CFPAC-1, were used to investigate the effects of digitoxin in relation to the expression of the subunits ATP1A1 and ATP1A3. Cell viability and intracellular calcium concentrations was measured in relation to the gene and protein expression of ATP1A1 and ATP1A3. Digitoxin was used to treat the cells at concentrations of 1-100 nM, and the intracellular calcium concentrations increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the Panc-1 and in the CFPAC-1 cells with treatment at 100 nM. In the AsPC-1 cells only the supraphysiological concentration of digitoxin (100 nM) resulted in a decrease in the number of viable cells (unviable cells increased to 22%), whereas it had no effect on intracellular calcium levels. The number of viable Panc-1 and CFPAC-1 cells decreased after digitoxin treatment at 25-100 nM (unviable Panc-1 cells increased to 33-59%; unviable CFPAC-1 cells increased to 22-56%). Digitoxin treatment also affected the transcriptional expression of the ATP1A1 and ATP1A3 subunits. In Panc-1 cells, ATP1A3 gene expression was negatively associated with the digitoxin concentration (25-100 nM). In the AsPC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells, the expression of the ATP1A1 gene increased in the cells treated with the 100 nM digitoxin concentration. The protein expression of ATP1A1 and ATP1A3 was not altered with digitoxin treatment. The basal protein expression of ATP1A1 was high in the AsPC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells, compared to the Panc-1 cells, in contrast to the basal expression of ATP1A3, which was higher in the Panc-1 cells, compared to the other pancreatic cancer cells used. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the high expression of ATP1A3 renders pancreatic cancer cells more susceptible to digitoxin-induced cell death. The findings suggest that the expression of ATP1A3 may be used as a marker for tumor sensitivity to digitoxin treatment, where a high expression of ATP1A3 is favorable for the anticancer effects of digitoxin.

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  • 20.
    Maroofian, Reza
    et al.
    Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom.
    Tajsharghi, Homa
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Severino, Mariasavina
    Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.
    Biallelic MED27 variants lead to variable ponto-cerebello-lental degeneration with movement disorders2023In: Brain, ISSN 0006-8950, E-ISSN 1460-2156, Vol. 146, no 12, p. 5031-5043Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    MED27 is a subunit of the Mediator multiprotein complex, which is involved in transcriptional regulation. Biallelic MED27 variants have recently been suggested to be responsible for an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with spasticity, cataracts and cerebellar hypoplasia. We further delineate the clinical phenotype of MED27-related disease by characterizing the clinical and radiological features of 57 affected individuals from 30 unrelated families with biallelic MED27 variants. Using exome sequencing and extensive international genetic data sharing, 39 unpublished affected individuals from 18 independent families with biallelic missense variants in MED27 have been identified (29 females, mean age at last follow-up 17 ± 12.4 years, range 0.1-45). Follow-up and hitherto unreported clinical features were obtained from the published 12 families. Brain MRI scans from 34 cases were reviewed. MED27-related disease manifests as a broad phenotypic continuum ranging from developmental and epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy to variable neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities. It is characterized by mild to profound global developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%), bilateral cataracts (89%), infantile hypotonia (74%), microcephaly (62%), gait ataxia (63%), dystonia (61%), variably combined with epilepsy (50%), limb spasticity (51%), facial dysmorphism (38%) and death before reaching adulthood (16%). Brain MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy (100%), white matter volume loss (76.4%), pontine hypoplasia (47.2%) and basal ganglia atrophy with signal alterations (44.4%). Previously unreported 39 affected individuals had seven homozygous pathogenic missense MED27 variants, five of which were recurrent. An emerging genotype-phenotype correlation was observed. This study provides a comprehensive clinical-radiological description of MED27-related disease, establishes genotype-phenotype and clinical-radiological correlations and suggests a differential diagnosis with syndromes of cerebello-lental neurodegeneration and other subtypes of 'neuro-MEDopathies'. 

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  • 21.
    Pagnamenta, Alistair T.
    et al.
    NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK ; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, UK.
    Diaz-Gonzalez, Francisca
    NGEMM, IdiPAZ and Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE, ERN-BOND), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
    Banos-Pinero, Benito
    Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
    Ferla, Matteo P.
    NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK ; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, UK.
    Toosi, Mehran B.
    Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Calder, Alistair D.
    Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
    Karimiani, Ehsan G.
    Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George’s, University of London, UK ; Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Razavi International Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
    Doosti, Mohammad
    Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Razavi International Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
    Wainwright, Andrew
    Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
    Wordsworth, Paul
    NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK ; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, UK ; Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
    Bailey, Kathryn
    Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Lester, Tracy
    Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
    Maroofian, Reza
    Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
    Heath, Karen E.
    INGEMM, IdiPAZ and Skeletal Dysplasia Multidisciplinary Unit (UMDE, ERN-BOND), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain ; CIBERER, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain .
    Tajsharghi, Homa
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Shears, Deborah
    Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
    Taylor, Jenny C.
    NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK ; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, UK.
    Variable skeletal phenotypes associated with biallelic variants in PRKG22022In: Journal of Medical Genetics, ISSN 0022-2593, E-ISSN 1468-6244, Vol. 59, no 10, p. 947-950Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 22.
    Tomić, Tajana Tešan
    et al.
    Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Olausson, Josefin
    Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rehammar, Anna
    Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Deland, Lily
    Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Muth, Andreas
    Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden / Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Section of endocrine and sarcoma surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences. University of Skövde, Digital Health Research (DHEAR).
    Nilsson, Staffan
    Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden / Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kristiansson, Erik
    Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wassén, Ola Nilsson
    Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Abel, Frida
    Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    MYO5B mutations in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma promote cancer progression2020In: PLOS Genetics, ISSN 1553-7390, E-ISSN 1553-7404, Vol. 16, no 6, article id e1008803Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Identification of additional cancer-associated genes and secondary mutations driving the metastatic progression in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is important for subtyping, and may provide optimization of therapeutic regimens. We recently reported novel recurrent nonsynonymous mutations in the MYO5B gene in metastatic PPGL. Here, we explored the functional impact of these MYO5B mutations, and analyzed MYO5B expression in primary PPGL tumor cases in relation to mutation status. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis in 30 PPGL tumors revealed an increased MYO5B expression in metastatic compared to non-metastatic cases. In addition, subcellular localization of MYO5B protein was altered from cytoplasmic to membranous in some metastatic tumors, and the strongest and most abnormal expression pattern was observed in a paraganglioma harboring a somatic MYO5B:p.G1611S mutation. In addition to five previously discovered MYO5B mutations, the present study of 30 PPGL (8 previous and 22 new samples) also revealed two, and hence recurrent, mutations in the gene paralog MYO5A. The three MYO5B missense mutations with the highest prediction scores (p.L587P, p.G1611S and p.R1641C) were selected and functionally validated using site directed mutagenesis and stable transfection into human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-AS) and embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). In vitro analysis showed a significant increased proliferation rate in all three MYO5B mutated clones. The two somatically derived mutations, p.L587P and p.G1611S, were also found to increase the migration rate. Expression analysis of MYO5B mutants compared to wild type clones, demonstrated a significant enrichment of genes involved in migration, proliferation, cell adhesion, glucose metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Our study validates the functional role of novel MYO5B mutations in proliferation and migration, and suggest the MYO5-pathway to be involved in the malignant progression in some PPGL tumors. © 2020 Tomic et al.

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  • 23.
    Visuttijai, Kittichate
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Behboudi, Afrouz
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Analyses of protein expression of PI 3-kinase/AKT signaling in response to altered expression of motor protein MYO1C2015In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 75, no 15 Supplement, article id 2166Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Visuttijai, Kittichate
    et al.
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre. Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Pettersson, Jennifer
    Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.
    Mehrbani Azar, Yashar
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience.
    van den Bout, Iman
    Department of physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
    Örndal, Charlotte
    Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.
    Marcickiewicz, Janusz
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Halland Hospital Varberg, Varberg.
    Nilsson, Staffan
    Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
    Hörnquist, Michael
    Department of Science and Technology, University of Linköping, Norrköping.
    Olsson, Björn
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Ejeskär, Katarina
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Behboudi, Afrouz
    University of Skövde, School of Bioscience. University of Skövde, The Systems Biology Research Centre.
    Lowered Expression of Tumor Suppressor Candidate MYO1C Stimulates Cell Proliferation, Suppresses Cell Adhesion and Activates AKT2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 10, article id e0164063Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Myosin-1C (MYO1C) is a tumor suppressor candidate located in a region of recurrent losses distal to TP53. Myo1c can tightly and specifically bind to PIP2, the substrate of Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and to Rictor, suggesting a role for MYO1C in the PI3K pathway. This study was designed to examine MYO1C expression status in a panel of well-stratified endometrial carcinomas as well as to assess the biological significance of MYO1C as a tumor suppressor in vitro. We found a significant correlation between the tumor stage and lowered expression of MYO1C in endometrial carcinoma samples. In cell transfection experiments, we found a negative correlation between MYO1C expression and cell proliferation, and MYO1C silencing resulted in diminished cell migration and adhesion. Cells expressing excess of MYO1C had low basal level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB, a.k.a. AKT) and cells with knocked down MYO1C expression showed a quicker phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) response in reaction to serum stimulation. Taken together the present study gives further evidence for tumor suppressor activity of MYO1C and suggests MYO1C mediates its tumor suppressor function through inhibition of PI3K pathway and its involvement in loss of contact inhibition.

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