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  • 1.
    Correia, Cláudia
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wang, Qing-Dong
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Linhardt, Gunilla
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Leif G.
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Walentinsson, Anna
    Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Rydén-Markinhutha, Katarina
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Behrendt, Margareta
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wikström, Johannes
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jennbacken, Karin
    Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Unraveling the Metabolic Derangements Occurring in Non-infarcted Areas of Pig Hearts With Chronic Heart Failure2021Inngår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, E-ISSN 2297-055X, Vol. 8, artikkel-id 753470Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: After myocardial infarction (MI), the non-infarcted left ventricle (LV) ensures appropriate contractile function of the heart. Metabolic disturbance in this region greatly exacerbates post-MI heart failure (HF) pathology. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring in the non-infarcted LV that could trigger cardiovascular deterioration. Methods and Results: We used a pig model that progressed into chronic HF over 3 months following MI induction. Integrated gene and metabolite signatures revealed region-specific perturbations in amino acid- and lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and, oxidative stress response. Remote LV, in particular, showed impaired glutamine and arginine metabolism, altered synthesis of lipids, glucose metabolism disorder, and increased insulin resistance. LPIN1, PPP1R3C, PTPN1, CREM, and NR0B2 were identified as the main effectors in metabolism dysregulation in the remote zone and were found differentially expressed also in the myocardium of patients with ischemic and/or dilated cardiomyopathy. In addition, a simultaneous significant decrease in arginine levels and altered PRCP, PTPN1, and ARF6 expression suggest alterations in vascular function in remote area. Conclusions: This study unravels an array of dysregulated genes and metabolites putatively involved in maladaptive metabolic and vascular remodeling in the non-infarcted myocardium and may contribute to the development of more precise therapies to mitigate progression of chronic HF post-MI.

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  • 2.
    Cruz, Maria Araceli Diaz
    et al.
    Research School of Health and Welfare, School of Health and Welfare, University of Jönköping, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Blomstrand, Peter
    Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Physiology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden ; Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Faresjö, Maria
    Department of Biology and Biology Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ståhl, Fredrik
    Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, Borås University, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Sandra
    Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Characterization of methylation patterns associated with lifestyle factors and vitamin D supplementation in a healthy elderly cohort from Southwest Sweden2022Inngår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, nr 1, artikkel-id 12670Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous studies have shown that lifestyle factors, such as regular physical activity and vitamin D intake, may remarkably improve overall health and mental wellbeing. This is especially important in older adults whose vitamin D deficiency occurs with a high prevalence. This study aimed to examine the influence of lifestyle and vitamin D on global DNA methylation patterns in an elderly cohort in Southwest of Sweden. We also sought to examine the methylation levels of specific genes involved in vitamin D's molecular and metabolic activated pathways. We performed a genome wide methylation analysis, using Illumina Infinium DNA Methylation EPIC 850kBeadChip array, on 277 healthy individuals from Southwest Sweden at the age of 70-95. The study participants also answered queries on lifestyle, vitamin intake, heart medication, and estimated health. Vitamin D intake did not in general affect methylation patterns, which is in concert with other studies. However, when comparing the group of individuals taking vitamin supplements, including vitamin D, with those not taking supplements, a difference in methylation in the solute carrier family 25 (SCL25A24) gene was found. This confirms a previous finding, where changes in expression of SLC25A24 were associated with vitamin D treatment in human monocytes. The combination of vitamin D intake and high physical activity increased methylation of genes linked to regulation of vitamin D receptor pathway, the Wnt pathway and general cancer processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study detecting epigenetic markers associated with the combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and high physical activity. These results deserve to be further investigated in an extended, interventional study cohort, where also the levels of 25(OH)D3 can be monitored.

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  • 3.
    Ghosheh, Nidal
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Küppers-Munther, Barbara
    Takara Bio Europe Aktiebolaget, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Asplund, Annika
    Takara Bio Europe Aktiebolaget, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Edsbagge, Josefina
    Takara Bio Europe Aktiebolaget, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Andersson, Tommy B.
    Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden / Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björquist, Petter
    NovaHep Aktiebolaget, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Andersson, Christian X.
    Takara Bio Europe Aktiebolaget, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carén, Helena
    Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Simonsson, Stina
    Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. AstraZeneca Research and Development, Global Medicines Development Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Global Medicines Development Unit, Mölndal, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Comparative transcriptomics of hepatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and adult human liver tissue2017Inngår i: Physiological Genomics, ISSN 1094-8341, E-ISSN 1531-2267, Vol. 49, nr 8, s. 430-446Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-HEP) have the potential to replace presently used hepatocyte sources applied in liver disease treatment and models of drug discovery and development. Established hepatocyte differentiation protocols are effective and generate hepatocytes, which recapitulate some key features of their in vivo counterparts. However, generating mature hPSC-HEP remains a challenge. In this study, we applied transcriptomics to investigate the progress of in vitro hepatic differentiation of hPSCs at the developmental stages, definitive endoderm, hepatoblasts, early hPSC-HEP, and mature hPSC-HEP, to identify functional targets that enhance efficient hepatocyte differentiation. Using functional annotation, pathway and protein interaction network analyses, we observed the grouping of differentially expressed genes in specific clusters representing typical developmental stages of hepatic differentiation. In addition, we identified hub proteins and modules that were involved in the cell cycle process at early differentiation stages. We also identified hub proteins that differed in expression levels between hPSC-HEP and the liver tissue controls. Moreover, we identified a module of genes that were expressed at higher levels in the liver tissue samples than in the hPSC-HEP. Considering that hub proteins and modules generally are essential and have important roles in the protein-protein interactions, further investigation of these genes and their regulators may contribute to a better understanding of the differentiation process. This may suggest novel target pathways and molecules for improvement of hPSC-HEP functionality, having the potential to finally bring this technology to a wider use.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Comparative transcriptomics of hepatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and adult human liver tissue
  • 4.
    Holmgren, Gustav
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Asplund, Annika
    R&D, Hepatocyte Product Development, Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Toet, Karin
    Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Andersson, Christian X.
    R&D, Hepatocyte Product Development, Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hammarstedt, Ann
    The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Departments of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hanemaaijer, Roeland
    Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Küppers-Munther, Barbara
    R&D, Hepatocyte Product Development, Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Characterization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes with Mature Features and Potential for Modeling Metabolic Diseases2020Inngår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ISSN 1661-6596, E-ISSN 1422-0067, Vol. 21, nr 2, artikkel-id E469Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a strong anticipated future for human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hiPS-HEP), but so far, their use has been limited due to insufficient functionality. We investigated the potential of hiPS-HEP as an in vitro model for metabolic diseases by combining transcriptomics with multiple functional assays. The transcriptomics analysis revealed that 86% of the genes were expressed at similar levels in hiPS-HEP as in human primary hepatocytes (hphep). Adult characteristics of the hiPS-HEP were confirmed by the presence of important hepatocyte features, e.g., Albumin secretion and expression of major drug metabolizing genes. Normal energy metabolism is crucial for modeling metabolic diseases, and both transcriptomics data and functional assays showed that hiPS-HEP were similar to hphep regarding uptake of glucose, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and fatty acids. Importantly, the inflammatory state of the hiPS-HEP was low under standard conditions, but in response to lipid accumulation and ER stress the inflammation marker tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was upregulated. Furthermore, hiPS-HEP could be co-cultured with primary hepatic stellate cells both in 2D and in 3D spheroids, paving the way for using these co-cultures for modeling non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Taken together, hiPS-HEP have the potential to serve as an in vitro model for metabolic diseases. Furthermore, differently expressed genes identified in this study can serve as targets for future improvements of the hiPS-HEP.

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  • 5.
    Jain, Shruti
    et al.
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Nadeem, Nimrah
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Mäkelä, Maria
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Ruma, Shamima Afrin
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Terävä, Joonas
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Huhtinen, Kaisa
    Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland ; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Leivo, Janne
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Kristjansdottir, Björg
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Kim
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Sundfeldt, Karin
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gidwani, Kamlesh
    Department of Life Technologies and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
    Diagnostic potential of nanoparticle aided assays for MUC16 and MUC1 glycovariants in ovarian cancer2022Inngår i: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 151, nr 7, s. 1175-1184Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study reports the discovery and evaluation of nanoparticle aided sensitive assays for glycovariants of MUC16 and MUC1 in a unique collection of paired ovarian cyst fluids and serum samples obtained at or prior to surgery for ovarian carcinoma suspicion. Selected glycovariants and the immunoassays for CA125, CA15-3 and HE4 were compared and validated in 347 cyst fluid and serum samples. Whereas CA125 and CA15-3 performed poorly in cyst fluid to separate carcinoma and controls, four glycovariants including MUC16MGL , MUC16STn , MUC1STn and MUC1Tn provided highly improved separations. In serum, the two STn glycovariants outperformed conventional CA125, CA15-3 and HE4 assays in all sub-categories analysed with main benefits obtained at high specificities and at postmenopausal and early-stage disease. Serum MUC16STn performed best at high specificity (90-99%), but sensitivity was also improved by the other glycovariants and CA15-3. The highly improved specificity, excellent analytical sensitivity, and robustness of the nanoparticle assisted glycovariant assays carry great promise for improved identification and early detection of ovarian carcinoma in routine differential diagnostics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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  • 6.
    Johansson, Markus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Andersson, Christian X.
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Heydarkhan-Hagvall, Sepideh
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals, R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jeppsson, Anders
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden / Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Late-stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Cardiac hypertrophy in a dish: a human stem cell based model2020Inngår i: Biology open, ISSN 2046-6390, Vol. 9, nr 9, artikkel-id bio052381Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. To better understand the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy, there is a need for improved in vitro models. In this study, we investigated how hypertrophic stimulation affected human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). The cells were stimulated with endothelin-1 (ET-1) for 8, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. Parameters including cell size, ANP-, proBNP-, and lactate concentration were analyzed. Moreover, transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes following ET-1 stimulation. The results show that the CMs increase in size by approximately 13% when exposed to ET-1 in parallel to increases in ANP and proBNP protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the lactate concentration in the media was increased indicating that the CMs consume more glucose, a hallmark of cardiac hypertrophy. Using RNA-seq, a hypertrophic gene expression pattern was also observed in the stimulated CMs. Taken together, these results show that hiPSC-derived CMs stimulated with ET-1 display a hypertrophic response. The results from this study also provide new molecular insights about the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and may help accelerate the development of new drugs against this condition.

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  • 7.
    Johansson, Markus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Andersson, Christian X.
    BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Heydarkhan-Hagvall, Sepideh
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jeppsson, Anders
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Multi-Omics Characterization of a Human Stem Cell-Based Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy2022Inngår i: Life, E-ISSN 2075-1729, Vol. 12, nr 2, artikkel-id 293Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of cardiac myopathy that may lead to heart failure. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy are yet not well understood. To increase the knowledge about mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, we have developed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy and performed extensive characterization using a multi-omics approach. In a series of experiments, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Endothelin-1 for 8, 24, 48, and 72 h, and their transcriptome and secreted proteome were analyzed. The transcriptomic data show many enriched canonical pathways related to cardiac hypertrophy already at the earliest time point, e.g., cardiac hypertrophy signaling. An integrated transcriptome–secretome analysis enabled the identification of multimodal biomarkers that may prove highly relevant for monitoring early cardiac hypertrophy progression. Taken together, the results from this study demonstrate that our in vitro model displays a hypertrophic response on both transcriptomic- and secreted-proteomic levels. The results also shed novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, and novel putative early cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers have been identified that warrant further investigation to assess their potential clinical relevance.

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  • 8.
    Küppers-Munther, Barbara
    et al.
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Asplund, A.
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Abadie, A.
    Takara Bio Europe SAS, Paris, France.
    Novel human iPSC-derived hepatocytes with advanced functionality and long-term 2D cultures of human primary hepatocytes for metabolic disease studies2018Inngår i: Human Gene Therapy, ISSN 1043-0342, E-ISSN 1557-7422, Vol. 29, nr 12, s. A146-A146, artikkel-id P406Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 9.
    Linder, A.
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Westbom-Fremer, S.
    Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden ; Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, Sweden.
    Mateoiu, C.
    Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Olsson Widjaja, A.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Österlund, T.
    Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Veerla, S.
    Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ståhlberg, A.
    Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Hedenfalk, I.
    Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden ; Lund University Cancer Centre (LUCC), Lund University, Sweden.
    Sundfeldt, K.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Genomic alterations in ovarian endometriosis and subsequently diagnosed ovarian carcinoma2024Inngår i: Human Reproduction, ISSN 0268-1161, E-ISSN 1460-2350, artikkel-id deae043Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    STUDY QUESTION: Can the alleged association between ovarian endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma be substantiated by genetic analysis of endometriosis diagnosed prior to the onset of the carcinoma?

    SUMMARY ANSWER: The data suggest that ovarian carcinoma does not originate from ovarian endometriosis with a cancer-like genetic profile; however, a common precursor is probable.

    WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Endometriosis has been implicated as a precursor of ovarian carcinoma based on epidemiologic studies and the discovery of common driver mutations in synchronous disease at the time of surgery. Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma and clear cell ovarian carcinoma are the most common endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas (EAOCs).

    STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The pathology biobanks of two university hospitals in Sweden were scrutinized to identify women with surgically removed endometrioma who subsequently developed ovarian carcinoma (1998-2016). Only 45 archival cases with EAOC and previous endometriosis were identified and after a careful pathology review, 25 cases were excluded due to reclassification into non-EAOC (n = 9) or because ovarian endometriosis could not be confirmed (n = 16). Further cases were excluded due to insufficient endometriosis tissue or poor DNA quality in either the endometriosis, carcinoma, or normal tissue (n = 9). Finally 11 cases had satisfactory DNA from all three locations and were eligible for further analysis.

    PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Epithelial cells were collected from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections by laser capture microdissection (endometrioma n = 11) or macrodissection (carcinoma n = 11) and DNA was extracted. Normal tissue from FFPE sections (n = 5) or blood samples collected at cancer diagnosis (n = 6) were used as the germline controls for each included patient. Whole-exome sequencing was performed (n = 33 samples). Somatic variants (single-nucleotide variants, indels, and copy number alterations) were characterized, and mutational signatures and kataegis were assessed. Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair status were confirmed with PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

    MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The median age for endometriosis surgery was 42 years, and 54 years for the subsequent ovarian carcinoma diagnosis. The median time between the endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma was 10 (7-30) years. The data showed that all paired samples harbored one or more shared somatic mutations. Non-silent mutations in cancer-associated genes were frequent in endometriosis; however, the same mutations were never observed in subsequent carcinomas. The degree of clonal dominance, demonstrated by variant allele frequency, showed a positive correlation with the time to cancer diagnosis (Spearman's rho 0.853, P < 0.001). Mutations in genes associated with immune escape were the most conserved between paired samples, and regions harboring these genes were frequently affected by copy number alterations in both sample types. Mutational burdens and mutation signatures suggested faulty DNA repair mechanisms in all cases.

    LARGE SCALE DATA: Datasets are available in the supplementary tables.

    LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Even though we located several thousands of surgically removed endometriomas between 1998 and 2016, only 45 paired samples were identified and even fewer, 11 cases, were eligible for sequencing. The observed high level of intra- and inter-heterogeneity in both groups (endometrioma and carcinoma) argues for further studies of the alleged genetic association.

    WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The observation of shared somatic mutations in all paired samples supports a common cellular origin for ovarian endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma. However, contradicting previous conclusions, our data suggest that cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis years prior to the carcinoma were not directly associated with the malignant transformation. Rather, a resilient ovarian endometriosis may delay tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the data indicate that genetic alterations affecting the immune response are early and significant events.

    STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The present work has been funded by the Sjöberg Foundation (2021-01145 to K.S.; 2022-01-11:4 to A.S.), Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (965552 to K.S.; 40615 to I.H.; 965065 to A.S.), Swedish Cancer Society (21-1848 to K.S.; 21-1684 to I.H.; 22-2080 to A.S.), BioCARE-A Strategic Research Area at Lund University (I.H. and S.W.-F.), Mrs Berta Kamprad's Cancer Foundation (FBKS-2019-28, I.H.), Cancer and Allergy Foundation (10381, I.H.), Region Västra Götaland (A.S.), Sweden's Innovation Agency (2020-04141, A.S.), Swedish Research Council (2021-01008, A.S.), Roche in collaboration with the Swedish Society of Gynecological Oncology (S.W.-F.), Assar Gabrielsson Foundation (FB19-86, C.M.), and the Lena Wäpplings Foundation (C.M.). A.S. declares stock ownership and is also a board member in Tulebovaasta, SiMSen Diagnostics, and Iscaff Pharma. A.S. has also received travel support from EMBL, Precision Medicine Forum, SLAS, and bioMCC. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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  • 10.
    Lycke, Maria
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Kristjansdottir, Björg
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sundfeldt, Karin
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Increased Diagnostic Accuracy of Adnexal Tumors with A Combination of Established Algorithms and Biomarkers2020Inngår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine, E-ISSN 2077-0383, Vol. 9, nr 2, artikkel-id E299Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Pre-diagnostic testing lacks sensitivity and specificity, and surgery is often the only way to secure the diagnosis. Exploring new biomarkers is of great importance, but the rationale of combining validated well-established biomarkers and algorithms could be a more effective way forward. We hypothesized that we can improve differential diagnostics and reduce false positives by combining (a) risk of malignancy index (RMI) with serum HE4, (b) risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) with a transvaginal ultrasound score or (c) adding HE4 to CA125 in a simple algorithm. With logistic regression modeling, new algorithms were explored and validated using leave-one-out cross validation. The analyses were performed in an existing cohort prospectively collected prior to surgery, 2013-2016. A total of 445 benign tumors and 135 ovarian cancers were included. All presented models improved specificity at cut-off compared to the original algorithm, and goodness of fit was significant (p < 0.001). Our findings confirm that HE4 is a marker that improves specificity without hampering sensitivity or diagnostic accuracy in adnexal tumors. We provide in this study "easy-to-use" algorithms that could aid in the triage of women to the most appropriate level of care when presenting with an unknown ovarian cyst or suspicious ovarian cancer.

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  • 11.
    Lycke, Maria
    et al.
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Malchau Lauesgaard, Jacob
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kristjansdottir, Björg
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sundfeldt, Karin
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Consideration should be given to smoking, endometriosis, renal function (eGFR) and age when interpreting CA125 and HE4 in ovarian tumor diagnostics2021Inngår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, ISSN 1434-6621, E-ISSN 1437-4331, Vol. 59, nr 12, s. 1954-1962Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    To evaluate the impact of different biologic, histopathologic and lifestyle factors on serum levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the diagnostic work up of women with an ovarian cyst or pelvic tumor. The statistical evaluation was performed on a population of 445 women diagnosed with a benign ovarian disease, included in a large Swedish multicenter trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03193671). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to distinguish between the true negatives and false positives through adjusting for biologic, histopathologic and lifestyle factors on serum samples of CA125 and HE4 separately. The likelihood ratio test was used to determine statistical significance and Benjamini-Hochberg correction to adjust for multiple testing. A total of 31% of the women had false positive CA125 but only 9% had false positive results of HE4. Smoking (OR 6.62 95% CI 2.93-15.12) and impaired renal function, measured by eGFR (OR 0.18 95% CI 0.08-0.39), were independently predictive of falsely elevated serum levels of HE4. Endometriosis was the only variable predictive of falsely elevated serum levels of CA125 (OR 7.96 95% CI 4.53-14.39). Age correlated with increased serum levels of HE4. Smoking, renal failure, age and endometriosis are factors that independently should be considered when assessing serum levels of HE4 and CA125 in women with an ovarian cyst or pelvic mass to avoid false indications of malignant disease. 

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  • 12.
    Marcišauskas, Simonas
    et al.
    Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Kristjansdottir, Björg
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Waldemarson, Sofia
    Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.
    Sundfeldt, Karin
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Univariate and classification analysis reveals potential diagnostic biomarkers for early stage ovarian cancer Type 1 and Type 22019Inngår i: Journal of Proteomics, ISSN 1874-3919, E-ISSN 1876-7737, Vol. 196, s. 57-68Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Biomarkers for early detection of ovarian tumors are urgently needed. Tumors of the ovary grow within cysts and most are benign. Surgical sampling is the only way to ensure accurate diagnosis, but often leads to morbidity and loss of female hormones. The present study explored the deep proteome in well-defined sets of ovarian tumors, FIGO stage I, Type 1 (low-grade serous, mucinous, endometrioid; n = 9), Type 2 (high-grade serous; n = 9), and benign serous (n = 9) using TMT–LC–MS/MS. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010939. We evaluated new bioinformatics tools in the discovery phase. This innovative selection process involved different normalizations, a combination of univariate statistics, and logistic model tree and naive Bayes tree classifiers. We identified 142 proteins by this combined approach. One biomarker panel and nine individual proteins were verified in cyst fluid and serum: transaldolase-1, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA), transketolase, ceruloplasmin, mesothelin, clusterin, tenascin-XB, laminin subunit gamma-1, and mucin-16. Six of the proteins were found significant (p <.05) in cyst fluid while ALDOA was the only protein significant in serum. The biomarker panel achieved ROC AUC 0.96 and 0.57 respectively. We conclude that classification algorithms complement traditional statistical methods by selecting combinations that may be missed by standard univariate tests. Significance: In the discovery phase, we performed deep proteome analyses of well-defined histology subgroups of ovarian tumor cyst fluids, highly specified for stage and type (histology and grade). We present an original approach to selecting candidate biomarkers combining several normalization strategies, univariate statistics, and machine learning algorithms. The results from validation of selected proteins strengthen our prior proteomic and genomic data suggesting that cyst fluids are better than sera in early stage ovarian cancer diagnostics. 

  • 13.
    Marzec-Schmidt, Katarzyna
    et al.
    Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skara, Sweden.
    Ghosheh, Nidal
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Takara Bio Europe, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Stahlschmidt, Sören Richard
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Küppers-Munther, Barbara
    Takara Bio Europe, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Artificial intelligence supports automated characterization of differentiated human pluripotent stem cells2023Inngår i: Stem Cells, ISSN 1066-5099, E-ISSN 1549-4918, Vol. 41, nr 9, s. 850-861, artikkel-id sxad049Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Revolutionary advances in AI and deep learning in recent years have resulted in an upsurge of papers exploring applications within the biomedical field. Within stem cell research, promising results have been reported from analyses of microscopy images to e.g., distinguish between pluripotent stem cells and differentiated cell types derived from stem cells. In this work, we investigated the possibility of using a deep learning model to predict the differentiation stage of pluripotent stem cells undergoing differentiation towards hepatocytes, based on morphological features of cell cultures. We were able to achieve close to perfect classification of images from early and late time points during differentiation, and this aligned very well with the experimental validation of cell identity and function. Our results suggest that deep learning models can distinguish between different cell morphologies, and provide alternative means of semi-automated functional characterization of stem cell cultures.

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  • 14.
    Sandstedt, Mikael
    et al.
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Vukusic, Kristina
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Jonsson, Marianne
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mattsson Hultén, Lillemor
    Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Universityof Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dellgren, Göran
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Universityof Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jeppsson, Anders
    Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Universityof Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Sandstedt, Joakim
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Human intracardiac SSEA4+CD34 cells show features of cycling, immature cardiomyocytes and are distinct from Side Population and C-kit+CD45- cells2022Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 17, nr 6, artikkel-id e0269985Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cardiomyocyte proliferation has emerged as the main source of new cardiomyocytes in the adult. Progenitor cell populations may on the other hand contribute to the renewal of other cell types, including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The phenotypes of immature cell populations in the adult human heart have not been extensively explored. We therefore investigated whether SSEA4+CD34- cells might constitute immature cycling cardiomyocytes in the adult failing and non-failing human heart. The phenotypes of Side Population (SP) and C-kit+CD45- progenitor cells were also analyzed. Biopsies from the four heart chambers were obtained from patients with end-stage heart failure as well as organ donors without chronic heart failure. Freshly dissociated cells underwent flow cytometric analysis and sorting. SSEA4+CD34- cells expressed high levels of cardiomyocyte, stem cell and proliferation markers. This pattern resembles that of cycling, immature, cardiomyocytes, which may be important in endogenous cardiac regeneration. SSEA4+CD34- cells isolated from failing hearts tended to express lower levels of cardiomyocyte markers as well as higher levels of stem cell markers. C-kit+CD45- and SP CD45- cells expressed high levels of endothelial and stem cell markers-corresponding to endothelial progenitor cells involved in endothelial renewal.

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  • 15.
    Stahlschmidt, Sören Richard
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap.
    Multimodal deep learning for biomedical data fusion: a review2022Inngår i: Briefings in Bioinformatics, ISSN 1467-5463, E-ISSN 1477-4054, Vol. 23, nr 2, artikkel-id bbab569Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Biomedical data are becoming increasingly multimodal and thereby capture the underlying complex relationships among biological processes. Deep learning (DL)-based data fusion strategies are a popular approach for modeling these nonlinear relationships. Therefore, we review the current state-of-the-art of such methods and propose a detailed taxonomy that facilitates more informed choices of fusion strategies for biomedical applications, as well as research on novel methods. By doing so, we find that deep fusion strategies often outperform unimodal and shallow approaches. Additionally, the proposed subcategories of fusion strategies show different advantages and drawbacks. The review of current methods has shown that, especially for intermediate fusion strategies, joint representation learning is the preferred approach as it effectively models the complex interactions of different levels of biological organization. Finally, we note that gradual fusion, based on prior biological knowledge or on search strategies, is a promising future research path. Similarly, utilizing transfer learning might overcome sample size limitations of multimodal data sets. As these data sets become increasingly available, multimodal DL approaches present the opportunity to train holistic models that can learn the complex regulatory dynamics behind health and disease.

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  • 16.
    Stahlschmidt, Sören Richard
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi. Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Predicting Cancer Stage from Circulating microRNA: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms2023Inngår i: Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering: 10th International Work-Conference, IWBBIO 2023, Meloneras, Gran Canaria, Spain, July 12–14, 2023, Proceedings, Part I / [ed] Ignacio Rojas; Olga Valenzuela; Fernando Rojas Ruiz; Luis Javier Herrera; Francisco Ortuño, Cham: Springer, 2023, s. 103-115Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, serum-based tests for early detection and detection of tissue of origin are being developed. Circulating microRNA has been shown to be a potential source of diagnostic information that can be collected non-invasively. In this study, we investigate circulating microRNAs as predictors of cancer stage. Specifically, we predict whether a sample stems from a patient with early stage (0-II) or late stage cancer (III-IV). We trained five machine learning algorithms on a data set of cancers from twelve different primary sites. The results showed that cancer stage can be predicted from circulating microRNA with a sensitivity of 71.73%, specificity of 79.97%, as well as positive and negative predictive value of 54.81% and 89.29%, respectively. Furthermore, we compared the best pan-cancer model with models specialized on individual cancers and found no statistically significant difference. Finally, in the best performing pan-cancer model 185 microRNAs were significant. Comparing the five most relevant circulating microRNAs in the best performing model with the current literature showed some known associations to various cancers. In conclusion, the study showed the potential of circulating microRNA and machine learning algorithms to predict cancer stage and thus suggests that further research into its potential as a non-invasive clinical test is warranted. 

  • 17.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Bioinformatics tools for discovery and evaluation of biomarkers: Applications in clinical assessment of cancer2016Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of cells in the body and ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide. In order to improve cancer patient care, a major focus of cancer research is to discover biomarkers. A biomarker is a biological molecule found in tissues or body fluids and can be used to predict or assess disease states. The aim of this thesis is to develop bioinformatics tools for discovery and evaluation of novel biomarkers from high-throughput datasets.

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that function as negative regulators of gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNAs in cancer is frequently reported, making them interesting as biomarker candidates. GenoScan was developed for genome-wide discovery of miRNA-coding genes, as a first step in the identification of novel mi-RNA biomarkers.

    High-throughput technologies such as microarrays allow researchers to measure the expression of thousands of genes or miRNAs simultaneously. The Decision Trunk Classifier (DTC) algorithm has been developed to screen datasets from these experiments for biomarker candidates. When applied to a miRNA expression dataset for endometrial cancer (EC) samples vs. controls, a two-marker model with 98 % accuracy was generated. These miRNAs (hsa-miR-183-5p and hsa-miRPlus-C1070) are promising as biomarkers for EC screening.

    The miREC database was developed to store gene and miRNA data from curated expression profiling studies of EC, as well as gene-miRNA regulatory connections. Using gene-miRNA interaction networks from miREC, the roles of miRNAs in cancer hallmark acquisition can be clarified. To further support exploratory analysis of expression data, DTC was extended with partial least squares regression models. The resulting PLS-DTC algorithm can be used to gain deeper insights into the perturbation of biological processes and pathways.

  • 18.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Vertical and horizontal integration of multi-omics data with miodin2019Inngår i: BMC Bioinformatics, E-ISSN 1471-2105, Vol. 20, nr 649Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Studies on multiple modalities of omics data such as transcriptomics, genomics and proteomics are growing in popularity, since they allow us to investigate complex mechanisms across molecular layers. It is widely recognized that integrative omics analysis holds the promise to unlock novel and actionable biological insights into health and disease. Integration of multi-omics data remains challenging, however, and requires combination of several software tools and extensive technical expertise to account for the properties of heterogeneous data.

    Results: This paper presents the miodin R package, which provides a streamlined workflow-based syntax for multi-omics data analysis. The package allows users to perform analysis of omics data either across experiments on the same samples (vertical integration), or across studies on the same variables (horizontal integration). Workflows have been designed to promote transparent data analysis and reduce the technical expertise required to perform low-level data import and processing.

    Conclusions: The miodin package is implemented in R and is freely available for use and extension under the GPL-3 license. Package source, reference documentation and user manual are available at https://gitlab.com/algoromics/miodin.

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  • 19.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Jurcevic, Sanja
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Lindelöf, Angelica
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Klinga-Levan, Karin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Olsson, Björn
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    miREC: a database of miRNAs involved in the development of endometrial cancer2015Inngår i: BMC Research Notes, E-ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 8, nr 1, artikkel-id 104Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancy and the fourth most common cancer diagnosis overall among women. As with many other forms of cancer, it has been shown that certain miRNAs are differentially expressed in EC and these miRNAs are believed to play important roles as regulators of processes involved in the development of the disease. With the rapidly growing number of studies of miRNA expression in EC, there is a need to organize the data, combine the findings from experimental studies of EC with information from various miRNA databases, and make the integrated information easily accessible for the EC research community.

    Findings

    The miREC database is an organized collection of data and information about miRNAs shown to be differentially expressed in EC. The database can be used to map connections between miRNAs and their target genes in order to identify specific miRNAs that are potentially important for the development of EC. The aim of the miREC database is to integrate all available information about miRNAs and target genes involved in the development of endometrial cancer, and to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date, and easily accessible source of knowledge regarding the role of miRNAs in the development of EC. Database URL: http://www.mirecdb.orgwebcite.

    Conclusions

    Several databases have been published that store information about all miRNA targets that have been predicted or experimentally verified to date. It would be a time-consuming task to navigate between these different data sources and literature to gather information about a specific disease, such as endometrial cancer. The miREC database is a specialized data repository that, in addition to miRNA target information, keeps track of the differential expression of genes and miRNAs potentially involved in endometrial cancer development. By providing flexible search functions it becomes easy to search for EC-associated genes and miRNAs from different starting points, such as differential expression and genomic loci (based on genomic aberrations).

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  • 20.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Karlsson, Alexander
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Améen, Caroline
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Åkesson, Karolina
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Andersson, Christian X.
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Global Medicines Development Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    A data analysis framework for biomedical big data: Application on mesoderm differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells2017Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 12, nr 6, artikkel-id e0179613Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of high-throughput biomolecular technologies has resulted in generation of vast omics data at an unprecedented rate. This is transforming biomedical research into a big data discipline, where the main challenges relate to the analysis and interpretation of data into new biological knowledge. The aim of this study was to develop a framework for biomedical big data analytics, and apply it for analyzing transcriptomics time series data from early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards the mesoderm and cardiac lineages. To this end, transcriptome profiling by microarray was performed on differentiating human pluripotent stem cells sampled at eleven consecutive days. The gene expression data was analyzed using the five-stage analysis framework proposed in this study, including data preparation, exploratory data analysis, confirmatory analysis, biological knowledge discovery, and visualization of the results. Clustering analysis revealed several distinct expression profiles during differentiation. Genes with an early transient response were strongly related to embryonic-and mesendoderm development, for example CER1 and NODAL. Pluripotency genes, such as NANOG and SOX2, exhibited substantial downregulation shortly after onset of differentiation. Rapid induction of genes related to metal ion response, cardiac tissue development, and muscle contraction were observed around day five and six. Several transcription factors were identified as potential regulators of these processes, e.g. POU1F1, TCF4 and TBP for muscle contraction genes. Pathway analysis revealed temporal activity of several signaling pathways, for example the inhibition of WNT signaling on day 2 and its reactivation on day 4. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of biological events and key regulators of the early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards the mesoderm and cardiac lineages. The proposed analysis framework can be used to structure data analysis in future research, both in stem cell differentiation, and more generally, in biomedical big data analytics.

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    fulltext
  • 21.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Karlsson, Alexander
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Department of Computer Science and Informatics, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Christian X.
    Takara Bio Europe AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sartipy, Peter
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Synnergren, Jane
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Systembiologi.
    Multi-Assignment Clustering: Machine learning from a biological perspective2021Inngår i: Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 0168-1656, E-ISSN 1873-4863, Vol. 326, s. 1-10Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A common approach for analyzing large-scale molecular data is to cluster objects sharing similar characteristics. This assumes that genes with highly similar expression profiles are likely participating in a common molecular process. Biological systems are extremely complex and challenging to understand, with proteins having multiple functions that sometimes need to be activated or expressed in a time-dependent manner. Thus, the strategies applied for clustering of these molecules into groups are of key importance for translation of data to biologically interpretable findings. Here we implemented a multi-assignment clustering (MAsC) approach that allows molecules to be assigned to multiple clusters, rather than single ones as in commonly used clustering techniques. When applied to high-throughput transcriptomics data, MAsC increased power of the downstream pathway analysis and allowed identification of pathways with high biological relevance to the experimental setting and the biological systems studied. Multi-assignment clustering also reduced noise in the clustering partition by excluding genes with a low correlation to all of the resulting clusters. Together, these findings suggest that our methodology facilitates translation of large-scale molecular data into biological knowledge. The method is made available as an R package on GitLab (https://gitlab.com/wolftower/masc).

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Klinga-Levan, Karin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Olsson, Björn
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Classification of tumor samples from expression data using decision trunks2013Inngår i: Cancer Informatics, E-ISSN 1176-9351, Vol. 12, s. 53-66Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a novel machine learning approach for the classification of cancer samples using expression data. We refer to the method as "decision trunks," since it is loosely based on decision trees, but contains several modifications designed to achieve an algorithm that: (1) produces smaller and more easily interpretable classifiers than decision trees; (2) is more robust in varying application scenarios; and (3) achieves higher classification accuracy. The decision trunk algorithm has been implemented and tested on 26 classification tasks, covering a wide range of cancer forms, experimental methods, and classification scenarios. This comprehensive evaluation indicates that the proposed algorithm performs at least as well as the current state of the art algorithms in terms of accuracy, while producing classifiers that include on average only 2-3 markers. We suggest that the resulting decision trunks have clear advantages over other classifiers due to their transparency, interpretability, and their correspondence with human decision-making and clinical testing practices. © the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Klinga-Levan, Karin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Olsson, Björn
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Genome-wide discovery of miRNAs using ensembles of machine learning algorithms and logistic regression2015Inngår i: International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics, ISSN 1748-5681, Vol. 13, nr 4, s. 338-359Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In silico prediction of novel miRNAs from genomic sequences remains a challenging problem. This study presents a genome-wide miRNA discovery software package called GenoScan and evaluates two hairpin classification methods. These methods, one ensemble-based and one using logistic regression were benchmarked along with 15 published methods. In addition, the sequence-folding step is addressed by investigating the impact of secondary structure prediction methods and the choice of input sequence length on prediction performance. Both the accuracy of secondary structure predictions and the miRNA prediction are evaluated. In the benchmark of hairpin classification methods, the regression model achieved highest classification accuracy. Of the structure prediction methods evaluated, ContextFold achieved the highest agreement between predicted and experimentally determined structures. However, both the choice of secondary structure prediction method and input sequence length had limited impact on hairpin classification performance.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Ulfenborg, Benjamin
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Klinga-Levan, Karin
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    Olsson, Björn
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Systembiologi.
    GenoScan: Genomic Scanner for Putative miRNA Precursors2014Inngår i: Bioinformatics Research and Applications: 10th International Symposium, ISBRA 2014, Zhangjiajie, China, June 28-30, 2014. Proceedings / [ed] Mitra Basu; Yi Pan; Jianxin Wang, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , 2014, s. 266-277Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The significance of miRNAs has been clarified over the last decade as thousands of these small non-coding RNAs have been found in a wide variety of species. By binding to specific target mRNAs, miRNAs act as negative regulators of gene expression in many different biological processes. Computational approaches for discovery of miRNAs in genomes usually take the form of an algorithm that scans sequences for miRNA-characteristic hairpins, followed by classification of those hairpins as miRNAs or nonmiRNAs. In this study, two new approaches to genome-scale miRNA discovery are presented and evaluated. These methods, one ensemble-based and one using logistic regression, have been designed to detect miRNA candidates without relying on conservation or transcriptome data, and to achieve high-confidence predictions in reasonable computational time. GenoScan achieves high accuracy with a good balance between sensitivity and specificity. In a benchmark evaluation including 15 previously published methods, the regression-based approach in GenoScan achieved the highest classification accuracy.

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