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  • 1.
    Andreasson, Rebecca
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Effects of Visualizing Missing Data: An Empirical Evaluation2014Inngår i: 18th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV) / [ed] Ebad Banissi, Mark W. McK. Bannatyne, Francis T. Marchese, Muhammad Sarfraz, Anna Ursyn, Gilles Venturini, Theodor G. Wyeld, Urska Cvek, Marjan Trutschl, Georges Grinstein, Vladimir Geroimenko, Sarah Kenderdine & Fatma Bouali, IEEE conference proceedings, 2014, s. 132-138Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an empirical study that evaluates the effects of visualizing missing data on decision-making tasks. A comparison between three visualization techniques: (1) emptiness, (2) fuzziness, and (3) emptiness plus explanation, revealed that the latter technique induced significantly higher degree of decision-confidence than the visualization technique fuzziness. Moreover, emptiness plus explanation yield the highest number of risky choices of the three. This result suggests that uncertainty visualization techniques affect the decision-maker and the decisionconfidence. Additionally, the results indicate a possible relation between the degree of decision-confidence and the decision-maker's displayed risk behavior.

  • 2.
    Annavarjula, Vaishnavi
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Mbiydzenyuy, Gideon
    University of Borås, Department Information Technology, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, Department of Computer Science & Informatics, Sweden.
    Lavesson, Niklas
    Jönköping University, School of Engineering, Department of Computer Science & Informatics, Sweden.
    Implicit user data in fashion recommendation systems2020Inngår i: Developments of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Computation and Robotics: Proceedings of the 14th International FLINS Conference (FLINS 2020) / [ed] Li Zhong; Chunrong Yuan; Jie Lu; Etienne E. Kerre, World Scientific, 2020, s. 614-621Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Recommendation systems in fashion are used to provide recommendations to users on clothing items, matching styles, and size or fit. These recommendations are generated based on user actions such as ratings, reviews or general interaction with a seller. There is an increased adoption of implicit feedback in models aimed at providing recommendations in fashion. This paper aims to understand the nature of implicit user feedback in fashion recommendation systems by following guidelines to group user actions. Categories of user actions that characterize implicit feedback are examination, retention, reference, and annotation. Each category describes a specific set of actions a user takes. It is observed that fashion recommendations using implicit user feedback mostly rely on retention as a user action to provide recommendations.

  • 3.
    Bae, Juhee
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Helldin, Tove
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Visual Data Analysis2019Inngår i: Data science in Practice / [ed] Alan Said, Vicenç Torra, Springer, 2019, s. 133-155Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Data Science offers a set of powerful approaches for making new discoveries from large and complex data sets. It combines aspects of mathematics, statistics, machine learning, etc. to turn vast amounts of data into new insights and knowledge. However, the sole use of automatic data science techniques for large amounts of complex data limits the human user’s possibilities in the discovery process, since the user is estranged from the process of data exploration. This chapter describes the importance of Information Visualization (InfoVis) and visual analytics (VA) within data science and how interactive visualization can be used to support analysis and decision-making, empowering and complementing data science methods. Moreover, we review perceptual and cognitive aspects, together with design and evaluation methodologies for InfoVis and VA.

  • 4.
    Bae, Juhee
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. University of Skövde .
    Helldin, Tove
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. University of Skövde.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. University of Skövde.
    Identifying Root Cause and Derived Effects in Causal Relationships2017Inngår i: Human Interface and the Management of Information: Information, Knowledge and Interaction Design: 19th International Conference, HCI International 2017, Vancouver, BC, Canada, July 9–14, 2017, Proceedings, Part I / [ed] Sakae Yamamoto, Springer, 2017, s. 22-34Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper focuses on identifying factors that influence the process of finding a root cause and a derived effect in causal node-link graphs with associated strength and significance depictions. We discuss in detail the factors that seem to be involved in identifying a global cause and effect based on the analysis of the results of an online user study with 44 participants, who used both sequential and non-sequential graph layouts. In summary, the results show that participants show geodesic-path tendencies when selecting causes and derived effects, and that context matters, i.e., participant’s own beliefs, experiences and knowledge might influence graph interpretation.

  • 5.
    Bae, Juhee
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Helldin, Tove
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Understanding Indirect Causal Relationships in Node-Link Graphs2017Inngår i: Computer graphics forum (Print), ISSN 0167-7055, E-ISSN 1467-8659, Vol. 36, nr 3, s. 411-421Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    To find correlations and cause and effect relationships in multivariate data sets is central in many data analysis problems. A common way of representing causal relations among variables is to use node-link diagrams, where nodes depict variables and edges show relationships between them. When performing a causal analysis, analysts may be biased by the position of collected evidences, especially when they are at the top of a list. This is of crucial importance since finding a root cause or a derived effect, and searching for causal chains of inferences are essential analytic tasks when investigating causal relationships. In this paper, we examine whether sequential ordering influences understanding of indirect causal relationships and whether it improves readability of multi-attribute causal diagrams. Moreover, we see how people reason to identify a root cause or a derived effect. The results of our design study show that sequential ordering does not play a crucial role when analyzing causal relationships, but many connections from/to a variable and higher strength/certainty values may influence the process of finding a root cause and a derived effect.

  • 6.
    Bae, Juhee
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Helldin, Tove
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi. Jönköping University, Department of Computer Science and Informatics, School of Engineering, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Nowaczyk, Slawomir
    University of Halmstad, School of Information Technology, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Bouguelia, Mohamed-Rafik
    University of Halmstad, School of Information Technology, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Interactive clustering: A comprehensive review2020Inngår i: ACM Computing Surveys, ISSN 0360-0300, E-ISSN 1557-7341, Vol. 53, nr 1, artikkel-id 1Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this survey, 105 papers related to interactive clustering were reviewed according to seven perspectives: (1) on what level is the interaction happening, (2) which interactive operations are involved, (3) how user feedback is incorporated, (4) how interactive clustering is evaluated, (5) which data and (6) which clustering methods have been used, and (7) what outlined challenges there are. This article serves as a comprehensive overview of the field and outlines the state of the art within the area as well as identifies challenges and future research needs.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Bae, Juhee
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Ventocilla, Elio
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Helldin, Tove
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Evaluating Multi-Attributes on Cause and Effect Relationship Visualization2017Inngår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP 2017): Volumne 3: IVAPP / [ed] Alexandru Telea; Jose Braz; Lars Linsen, SciTePress, 2017, s. 64-74Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents findings about visual representations of cause and effect relationship's direction, strength, and uncertainty based on an online user study. While previous researches focus on accuracy and few attributes, our empirical user study examines accuracy and the subjective ratings on three different attributes of a cause and effect relationship edge. The cause and effect direction was depicted by arrows and tapered lines; causal strength by hue, width, and a numeric value; and certainty by granularity, brightness, fuzziness, and a numeric value. Our findings point out that both arrows and tapered cues work well to represent causal direction. Depictions with width showed higher conjunct accuracy and were more preferred than that with hue. Depictions with brightness and fuzziness showed higher accuracy and were marked more understandable than granularity. In general, depictions with hue and granularity performed less accurately and were not preferred compared to the ones with numbers or with width and brightness.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Bae, Juhee
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Ventocilla, Elio
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Torra, Vicenç
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    On the Visualization of Discrete Non-additive Measures2018Inngår i: Aggregation Functions in Theory and in Practice AGOP 2017 / [ed] Vicenç Torra; Radko Mesiar; Bernard De Baets, Springer, 2018, s. 200-210Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Non-additive measures generalize additive measures, and have been utilized in several applications. They are used to represent different types of uncertainty and also to represent importance in data aggregation. As non-additive measures are set functions, the number of values to be considered grows exponentially. This makes difficult their definition but also their interpretation and understanding. In order to support understability, this paper explores the topic of visualizing discrete non-additive measures using node-link diagram representations.

  • 9.
    Beauxis-Aussalet, Emma
    et al.
    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Behrisch, Michael
    Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
    Borgo, Rita
    King’s College London, United Kingdom.
    Chau, Duen Horng
    Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA.
    Collins, Christopher
    Ontario Tech University, Canada.
    Ebert, David
    University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
    El-Assady, Mennatallah
    University of Konstanz, Germany.
    Endert, Alex
    Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA.
    Keim, Daniel A.
    University of Konstanz, Germany.
    Kohlhammer, Jörn
    Fraunhofer IGD, Darmstadt, Germany.
    Oelke, Daniela
    Offenburg University, Germany.
    Peltonen, Jaakko
    Tampere University, Finland.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Jönköping University, Jönköping AI Lab (JAIL), Sweden.
    Schreck, Tobias
    Graz University of Technology, Austria.
    Strobelt, Hendrik
    IBM Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    van Wijk, Jarke J.
    Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.
    The Role of Interactive Visualization in Fostering Trust in AI2021Inngår i: IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, ISSN 0272-1716, E-ISSN 1558-1756, Vol. 41, nr 6, s. 7-12Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies across application domains has prompted our society to pay closer attention to AI's trustworthiness, fairness, interpretability, and accountability. In order to foster trust in AI, it is important to consider the potential of interactive visualization, and how such visualizations help build trust in AI systems. This manifesto discusses the relevance of interactive visualizations and makes the following four claims: i) trust is not a technical problem, ii) trust is dynamic, iii) visualization cannot address all aspects of trust, and iv) visualization is crucial for human agency in AI.

  • 10.
    Bergström, Erik
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Carlén, Urban
    University West.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    How to Include Female Students in Technical Computer Science Study Programs2016Inngår i: NU2016 Högskolan i samhället - samhället i högskolan, 2016, artikkel-id BT30Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines why female students do not register in computer sciencerelated programs after submitting their application. In design for inclusion in academic culture, pedagogical implications are based on empirical findings that intend to foster a more heterogeneous group, which can be introduced to promote student’s interest in technology.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Dahlbom, Anders
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi.
    Situation Modeling and Visual Analytics for Decision Support in Sports2014Inngår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems: Volume 1 / [ed] Slimane Hammoudi, Leszek Maciaszek, José Cordeiro, SciTePress, 2014, s. 539-544Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    High performance is a goal in most sporting activities, for elite athletes as well as for recreational practitioners, and the process of measuring, evaluating and improving performance is one fundamental aspect to why people engage in sports. This is a complex process which possibly involves analyzing large amounts of heterogeneous data in order to apply actions that change important properties for improved outcome. The number of computer based decision support systems in the context of data analysis for performance improvement is scarce. In this position paper we briefly review the literature, and we propose the use of information fusion, situation modeling and visual analytics as suitable tools for supporting decision makers, ranging from recreational to elite, in the process of performance evaluation.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 12.
    Dahlbom, Anders
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    König, Rikard
    University of Borås.
    Johansson, Ulf
    University of Borås.
    Brattberg, Peter
    University of Borås.
    Supporting Golf Coaching with 3D Modeling of Swings2014Inngår i: Sportinformatik X: Jahrestagung der dvs-Sektion Sportinformatik vom 10.-12. September 2014 in Wien / [ed] Arnold Baca & Michael Stöckl, Hamburg: Feldhaus Verlag GmbH & Co. KG , 2014, s. 142-148Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 13.
    Helldin, Tove
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Dahlbom, Anders
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Lebram, Mikael
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Transparency of military threat evaluation through visualizing uncertainty and system rationale2013Inngår i: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Applications and Services / [ed] Don Harris, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, nr PART 2, s. 263-272Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Threat evaluation (TE) is concerned with determining the intent, capability and opportunity of detected targets. To their aid, military operators use support systems that analyse incoming data and make inferences based on the active evaluation framework. Several interface and interaction guidelines have been proposed for the implementation of TE systems; however there is a lack of research regarding how to make these systems transparent to their operators. This paper presents the results from interviews conducted with TE operators focusing on the need for and possibilities of improving the transparency of TE systems through the visualization of uncertainty and the presentation of the system rationale. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

  • 14.
    Helldin, Tove
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Davidsson, Staffan
    Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Presenting system uncertainty in automotive UIs for supporting trust calibration in autonomous driving2013Inngår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI’13), New York: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2013, s. 210-217Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    To investigate the impact of visualizing car uncertainty on drivers' trust during an automated driving scenario, a simulator study was conducted. A between-group design experiment with 59 Swedish drivers was carried out where a continuous representation of the uncertainty of the car's ability to autonomously drive during snow conditions was displayed to one of the groups, whereas omitted for the control group. The results show that, on average, the group of drivers who were provided with the uncertainty representation took control of the car faster when needed, while they were, at the same time, the ones who spent more time looking at other things than on the road ahead. Thus, drivers provided with the uncertainty information could, to a higher degree, perform tasks other than driving without compromising with driving safety. The analysis of trust shows that the participants who were provided with the uncertainty information trusted the automated system less than those who did not receive such information, which indicates a more proper trust calibration than in the control group.

  • 15.
    Helldin, Tove
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    Saab Aeronautics, Sweden.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Transparency of Automated Combat Classification2014Inngår i: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 11th International Conference, EPCE 2014, Held as Part of HCI International 2014, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22-27, 2014. Proceedings / [ed] Don Harris, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , 2014, s. 22-33Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We present an empirical study where the effects of three levels of system transparency of an automated target classification aid on fighter pilots’ performance and initial trust in the system were evaluated. The levels of transparency consisted of (1) only presenting text–based information regarding the specific object (without any automated support), (2) accompanying the text-based information with an automatically generated object class suggestion and (3) adding the incorporated sensor values with associated (uncertain) historic values in graphical form. The results show that the pilots needed more time to make a classification decision when being provided with display condition 2 and 3 than display condition 1. However, the number of correct classifications and the operators’ trust ratings were the highest when using display condition 3. No difference in the pilots’ decision confidence was found, yet slightly higher workload was reported when using display condition 3. The questionnaire results report on the pilots’ general opinion that an automatic classification aid would help them make better and more confident decisions faster, having trained with the system for a longer period.

  • 16.
    Helldin, Tove
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Explanation Methods for Bayesian Networks: review and application to a maritime scenario2009Inngår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Skövde Workshop on Information Fusion Topics (SWIFT 2009) / [ed] Ronnie Johansson, Joeri van Laere, Jonas Mellin, Skövde: University of Skövde , 2009, s. 28-32Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Surveillance systems analyze and present vast amounts of heterogeneous sensor data. In order to support operators while monitoring such systems, the identification of anomalous behavior or situations that might need further investigation may reduce operators’ cognitive load. Bayesian networks can be used in order to detect anomalies in data. In order to understand the outcome generated from an anomaly detection application based on Bayesian networks, proper explanations must be given to operators.

    This paper presents the findings of a literature analysis regarding what constitutes an explanation, which properties an explanation may have and a review of different explanation methods for Bayesian networks. Moreover, we present the empirical tests conducted with two of these methods in a maritime scenario. Findings from the survey and the experiments show that explanation methods for Bayesian networks can be used in order to provide operators with more detailed information to base their decisions on.

  • 17.
    Helldin, Tove
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Pashami, Sepideh
    Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Byttner, Stefan
    Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Nowaczyk, Slawomir
    Halmstad University, Sweden.
    Supporting analytical reasoning: A study from the automotive industry2016Inngår i: Human Interface and the Management of Information: Applications and Services: 18th International Conference, HCI International 2016 Toronto, Canada, July 17-22, 2016. Proceedings, Part II / [ed] Sakae Yamamoto, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , 2016, s. 20-31Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In the era of big data, it is imperative to assist the human analyst in the endeavor to find solutions to ill-defined problems, i.e. to “detect the expected and discover the unexpected” (Yi et al., 2008). To their aid, a plethora of analysis support systems is available to the analysts. However, these support systems often lack visual and interactive features, leaving the analysts with no opportunity to guide, influence and even understand the automatic reasoning performed and the data used. Yet, to be able to appropriately support the analysts in their sense-making process, we must look at this process more closely. In this paper, we present the results from interviews performed together with data analysts from the automotive industry where we have investigated how they handle the data, analyze it and make decisions based on the data, outlining directions for the development of analytical support systems within the area.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Huhnstock, Nikolas Alexander
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Karlsson, Alexander
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik.
    Steinhauer, H. Joe
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    An Infinite Replicated Softmax Model for Topic Modeling2019Inngår i: Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence: 16th International Conference, MDAI 2019, Milan, Italy, September 4–6, 2019, Proceedings / [ed] Vicenç Torra, Yasuo Narukawa, Gabriella Pasi, Marco Viviani, Springer, 2019, s. 307-318Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we describe the infinite replicated Softmax model (iRSM) as an adaptive topic model, utilizing the combination of the infinite restricted Boltzmann machine (iRBM) and the replicated Softmax model (RSM). In our approach, the iRBM extends the RBM by enabling its hidden layer to adapt to the data at hand, while the RSM allows for modeling low-dimensional latent semantic representation from a corpus. The combination of the two results is a method that is able to self-adapt to the number of topics within the document corpus and hence, renders manual identification of the correct number of topics superfluous. We propose a hybrid training approach to effectively improve the performance of the iRSM. An empirical evaluation is performed on a standard data set and the results are compared to the results of a baseline topic model. The results show that the iRSM adapts its hidden layer size to the data and when trained in the proposed hybrid manner outperforms the base RSM model.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Huhnstock, Nikolas Alexander
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Karlsson, Alexander
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Steinhauer, H. Joe
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    On the behavior of the infinite restricted boltzmann machine for clustering2018Inngår i: SAC '18 Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing / [ed] Hisham M. Haddad, Roger L. Wainwright, Richard Chbeir, New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2018, s. 461-470Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Clustering is a core problem within a wide range of research disciplines ranging from machine learning and data mining to classical statistics. A group of clustering approaches so-called nonparametric methods, aims to cluster a set of entities into a beforehand unspecified and unknown number of clusters, making potentially expensive pre-analysis of data obsolete. In this paper, the recently, by Cote and Larochelle introduced infinite Restricted Boltzmann Machine that has the ability to self-regulate its number of hidden parameters is adapted to the problem of clustering by the introduction of two basic cluster membership assumptions. A descriptive study of the influence of several regularization and sparsity settings on the clustering behavior is presented and results are discussed. The results show that sparsity is a key adaption when using the iRBM for clustering that improves both the clustering performances as well as the number of identified clusters.

  • 20.
    Johansson, Ulf
    et al.
    Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Sweden.
    Köning, Rikard
    Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Sweden.
    Brattberg, Peter
    Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Sweden.
    Dahlbom, Anders
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Mining Trackman Golf Data2015Inngår i: 2015 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) / [ed] Hamid R. Arabnia, Leonidas Deligiannidis & Quoc-Nam Tran, Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society, 2015, s. 380-385Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, innovative technology like Trackman has made it possible to generate data describing golf swings. In this application paper, we analyze Trackman data from 275 golfers using descriptive statistics and machine learning techniques. The overall goal is to find non-trivial and general patterns in the data that can be used to identify and explain what separates skilled golfers from poor. Experimental results show that random forest models, generated from Trackman data, were able to predict the handicap of a golfer, with a performance comparable to human experts. Based on interpretable predictive models, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, the most distinguishing property of better golfers is their consistency. In addition, the analysis shows that better players have superior control of the club head at impact and generally hit the ball straighter. A very interesting finding is that better players also tend to swing flatter. Finally, an outright comparison between data describing the club head movement and ball flight data, indicates that a majority of golfers do not hit the ball solid enough for the basic golf theory to apply.

  • 21.
    Kinkeldey, Christoph
    et al.
    Lab for Geoinformatics and Geovisualization (g2lab), HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
    MacEachren, Alan M.
    GeoVISTA Center and Department of Geography, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Schiewe, Jochen
    Lab for Geoinformatics and Geovisualization (g2lab), HafenCity University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
    Evaluating the effect of visually represented geodata uncertainty on decision-making: Systematic review, lessons learned, and recommendations2017Inngår i: Cartography and Geographic Information Science, ISSN 1523-0406, E-ISSN 1545-0465, Vol. 44, nr 1, s. 1-21Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    For many years, uncertainty visualization has been a topic of research in several disparate fields, particularly in geographical visualization (geovisualization), information visualization, and scientific visualization. Multiple techniques have been proposed and implemented to visually depict uncertainty, but their evaluation has received less attention by the research community. In order to understand how uncertainty visualization influences reasoning and decision-making using spatial information in visual displays, this paper presents a comprehensive review of uncertainty visualization assessments from geovisualization and related fields. We systematically analyze characteristics of the studies under review, i.e., number of participants, tasks, evaluation metrics, etc. An extensive summary of findings with respect to the effects measured or the impact of different visualization techniques helps to identify commonalities and differences in the outcome. Based on this summary, we derive “lessons learned” and provide recommendations for carrying out evaluation of uncertainty visualizations. As a basis for systematic evaluation, we present a categorization of research foci related to evaluating the effects of uncertainty visualization on decision-making. By assigning the studies to categories, we identify gaps in the literature and suggest key research questions for the future. This paper is the second of two reviews on uncertainty visualization. It follows the first that covers the communication of uncertainty, to investigate the effects of uncertainty visualization on reasoning and decision-making.

  • 22.
    Lagerstedt, Erik
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Thill, Serge
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi. Plymouth University, United Kingdom.
    Agent Autonomy and Locus of Responsibility for Team Situation Awareness2017Inngår i: HAI '17: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Human Agent Interaction, New York: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2017, s. 261-269Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid technical advancements have led to dramatically improved abilities for artificial agents, and thus opened up for new ways of cooperation between humans and them, from disembodied agents such as Siris to virtual avatars, robot companions, and autonomous vehicles. It is therefore relevant to study not only how to maintain appropriate cooperation, but also where the responsibility for this resides and/or may be affected. While there are previous organisations and categorisations of agents and HAI research into taxonomies, situations with highly responsible artificial agents are rarely covered. Here, we propose a way to categorise agents in terms of such responsibility and agent autonomy, which covers the range of cooperation from humans getting help from agents to humans providing help for the agents. In the resulting diagram presented in this paper, it is possible to relate different kinds of agents with other taxonomies and typical properties. A particular advantage of this taxonomy is that it highlights under what conditions certain effects known to modulate the relationship between agents (such as the protégé effect or the "we"-feeling) arise.

  • 23.
    Lagerstedt, Erik
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Thill, Serge
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Interacting with Artificial Agents2015Inngår i: Thirteenth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence / [ed] Sławomir Nowaczyk, IOS Press, 2015, Vol. 278, s. 184-185Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 24.
    Niklasson, Lars
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL). Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Dahlbom, Anders
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Ziemke, Tom
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Brax, Christoffer
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL). Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kronhamn, Thomas
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Smedberg, Martin
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Warston, Håkan
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gustavsson, Per M.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL). Saab Microwave Systems, Skövde, Sweden.
    A Unified Situation Analysis Model for Human and Machine Situation Awareness2007Inngår i: INFORMATIK 2007: Informatik trifft Logistik: Band 2: Beiträge der 37. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) 24. - 27. September 2007 in Bremen / [ed] Otthein Herzog, Karl-Heinz Rödiger, Marc Ronthaler, Rainer Koschke, Bonn: Gesellschaft für Informatik , 2007, s. 105-109Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 25.
    Niklasson, Lars
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Dahlbom, Anders
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL). Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Ziemke, Tom
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Brax, Christoffer
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kronhamn, Thomas
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Smedberg, Martin
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Warston, Håkan
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gustavsson, Per M.
    Product Development, Saab Microwave Systems, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Extending the scope of Situation Analysis2008Inngår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2008), Cologne, Germany, June 30–July 3, 2008, IEEE Press, 2008, s. 454-461Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of technology to assist human decision making has been around for quite some time now. In the literature, models of both technological and human aspects of this support can be identified. However, we argue that there is a need for a unified model which synthesizes and extends existing models. In this paper, we give two perspectives on situation analysis: a technological perspective and a human perspective. These two perspectives are merged into a unified situation analysis model for semi-automatic, automatic and manual decision support (SAM)2. The unified model can be applied to decision support systems with any degree of automation. Moreover, an extension of the proposed model is developed which can be used for discussing important concepts such as common operational picture and common situation awareness.

  • 26.
    Nilsson, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Ziemke, Tom
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Investigating human-computer interaction issues in information-fusion-based decision support2008Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Information fusion is a research area which focuses on how to combine information from many different sources to support decision making. Commonly used information fusion systems are often complex and used in military and crises management domains. The focus of information fusion research so far has been mainly on the technological aspects. There is still a lack of understanding relevant user aspects that affect the information fusion systems as a whole. This paper presents a framework of HCI issues which considers users as embedded in the context of information fusion systems. The framework aims at providing insights regarding factors that affect user interaction to inform the development of future information fusion systems. Design considerations are presented together with a heuristic evaluation of an information fusion prototype.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 27.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping.
    Alfredson, Jens
    Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    A Teamwork Model for Fighter Pilots2016Inngår i: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 13th International Conference, EPCE 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, ON, Canada, July 17-22, 2016, Proceedings / [ed] Don Harris, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , 2016, Vol. 9736, s. 221-230Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Fighter pilots depend on collaboration and teamwork to perform successful air missions. However, such collaboration is challenging due to limitations in communication and the amount of data that can be shared between aircraft. In order to design future support systems for fighter pilots, this paper aims at characterizing how pilots collaborate while performing real-world missions. Our starting point is the “Big Five” model for effective teamwork, put forth by Salas et al. [1]. Fighter pilots were interviewed about their teamwork, and how they prepare and perform missions in teams. The results from the interviews were used to describe how pilots collaborate in teams, and to suggest relationships between the teamwork elements of the “Big Five” model for fighter pilots performing missions. The results presented in this paper are intended to inform designers and developers of cockpit displays, data links and decision support systems for fighter aircraft.

  • 28.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    et al.
    Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping.
    Alfredson, Jens
    Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Elements of team effectiveness: A qualitative study with pilots2016Inngår i: 2016 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), IEEE Computer Society, 2016, s. 21-27Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Fighter pilots performing air missions rely heavily on teamwork for successful outcomes. Designing systems that support such teamwork in highly dynamic missions is a challenging task, and to the best of our knowledge, current teamwork models are not specifically adapted for this domain. This paper presents a model of task performance for military fighter pilots based on the teamwork model “Big Five” proposed by Salas, Sims, and Burke [1]. The “Big Five” model consists of eight teamwork elements that are essential for successful team performance. In-depth interviews were performed with fighter pilots to explore and describe the teamwork elements for the fighter aircraft domain. The findings from these interviews are used to suggest where in the task cycle of mission performance each teamwork element comes in to play.

  • 29.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Saab AB, Saab Aeronautics, Linköping, Sweden.
    Alfredson, Jens
    Saab AB, Saab Aeronautics, Linköping, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Fighter pilots' teamwork: a descriptive study2019Inngår i: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 62, nr 7, s. 880-890Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The execution of teamwork varies widely depending on the domain and task in question. Despite the considerable diversity of teams and their operation, researchers tend to aim for unified theories and models regardless of field. However, we argue that there is a need for translation and adaptation of the theoretical models to each specific domain. To this end, a case study was carried out on fighter pilots and it was investigated how teamwork is performed in this specialised and challenging environment, with a specific focus on the dependence on technology for these teams. The collaboration between the fighter pilots is described and analysed using a generic theoretical model for effective teamwork from the literature. The results show that domain-specific application and modification is needed in order for the model to capture fighter pilot's teamwork. The study provides deeper understanding of the working conditions for teams of pilots and gives design implications for how tactical support systems can enhance teamwork in the domain. Practitioner summary: This article presents a qualitative interview study with fighter pilots based on a generic theoretical teamwork model applied to the fighter domain. The purpose is to understand the conditions under which teams of fighter pilots work and to provide guidance for the design of future technological aids.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 30.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi. Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Alfredson, Jens
    Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningsmiljön Informationsteknologi.
    Informing the Design of Fighter Aircraft Cockpits Using a Teamwork Perspective2019Inngår i: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, July 21–25, 2018, Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA / [ed] Neville Stanton, Cham: Springer, 2019, s. 3-10Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a research process where fighter pilots’ behaviors were investigated from a teamwork perspective and the findings conveyed to the designers of cockpit interfaces in order to improve the fighter aircraft system. The teamwork perspective was selected because fighter aircraft are complex systems that require an advanced and trained pilot, who also, in addition to managing the aircraft systems needs to be a team player, collaborating with team members during dynamic and fast-paced circumstances to achieve the mission goals. A generic theoretical model for effective teamwork was selected as a starting point and a survey was conducted in order to investigate how fighter pilots collaborate during missions. The teamwork model and the survey results were then presented at workshops with designers of cockpit interfaces participating. The focus on the workshops was pilot teamwork and several design ideas aiming at improving the system for collaboration were generated.

  • 31.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Alfredson, Jens
    Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Understanding Team Effectiveness in a Tactical Air Unit2015Inngår i: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 12th International Conference, EPCE 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings / [ed] Don Harris, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , 2015, Vol. 9174, s. 472-479Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Effective team work is regarded as a key factor for success in missions performed by fighter aircraft in a Tactical Air Unit (TAU). Many factors contrib-ute to how a team will succeed in their mission. From the existing literature on teamwork, Salas, Sims and Burke [1], suggested five main factors and three sup-porting mechanisms for effective team work. These were proposed as the “Big Five” of teamwork. This article investigates if the model offered by Salas et al. is applicable to a TAU of fighter aircraft. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with six fighter pilots. The results of these interviews imply that the model has relevance for the teamwork in a TAU. Moreover, this paper discusses impli-cations for the design of future decision-support systems that support team effec-tiveness. 

  • 32.
    Ohlander, Ulrika
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB.
    Alfredson, Jens
    Saab Aeronautics, Saab AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    User Participation in the Design of Cockpit Interfaces2017Inngår i: Advances in Ergonomics Modeling, Usability & Special Populations / [ed] Marcelo Soares; Christianne Falcão; Tareq Z. Ahram, Springer, 2017, Vol. 486, s. 51-58Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the nature of user participation in the process of designing fighter aircraft cockpits. The role of the users, i.e. pilots, in the design of cockpit interfaces is explored. We present the results of an on-line questionnaire with twelve designers of cockpit interfaces for fighter aircraft. The results show that the designers have highlighted the need for more opportunities to observe the pilots, and they wish to obtain more information and ideas from them. Moreover, a larger involvement from users as examiners and testers in the evaluation process was desirable. Access to users was considered unproblematic and the risk of misunderstandings was reported to be low. Moreover, the designers did not support the idea that users should design or take design decisions.

  • 33.
    Ohlson, Nils-Erik
    et al.
    Siemens Energy AB.
    Bäckstrand, Jenny
    Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Jönköping University, Jönköping AI Lab (JAIL), Sweden.
    Artificial Intelligence-enhanced Sales & Operations Planning in an Engineer-to-order context2021Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) is a process that aims to align dimensioning efforts in a company, based on the "One Plan" and with clear decision milestones, where “One Plan” relates to the ultimate outcome of S&OP by integrating multiple plans. This alignment is cross functional and connects, not only sales and operations, but also different operations functions with each other, to set an overall delivery ability. There are always challenges when connecting different functions in a company, something most S&OP practitioners agree with, still, cross functional integration is one of the things that the S&OP-process addresses. For S&OP in an Engineer-to-order (ETO) context, especially where engineering is a major or an equal portion of the product as e.g., make-to-stock (MTS) or make-to-order (MTO) contexts, further complexity is added. If these businesses also have long lead times and low volumes, another perspective to the S&OP-process is given when it comes to the balance between demand and supply (DS). Digital solutions such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and other more or less sophisticated tools are a pre-requisite for the S&OP-process and improves cross functional integration. Technologies within Industry 4.0 are changing the way S&OP is carried out; one of the most relevant one is Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly, Machine Learning (ML) that analyses data collected during these processes to find patterns and extract knowledge.

     Therefore, in this paper, the purpose is to investigate and define the main sub-areas of the S&OP-process in an ETO-context and discuss how AI, in particular ML, currently supports the sub-areas. To be able to fulfil the purpose, a literature study of the two main fields, S&OP and AI, has been carried out.

     The results are pointing at an underuse of ML-techniques for S&OP. Forecasting in MTS- context is where ML is mostly used, and the most common ML-technique is Artificial Neutral Networks (ANN) which is considered as Supervised Learning. The results of this paper will serve as a starting point for further research on the efforts and effects required for improving the S&OP-process in an ETO-context and with what ML-techniques.

  • 34.
    Ohlson, Nils-Erik
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Tekniska högskolan, Sweden.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Jönköping University, Jönköping AI Lab (JAIL), Sweden.
    Bäckstrand, Jenny
    Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, Sweden.
    Identification of tasks to be supported by machine learning to reduce Sales & Operations Planning challenges in an engineer-to-order context2022Inngår i: SPS2022: Proceedings of the 10th Swedish production symposium / [ed] Amos H. C. Ng; Anna Syberfeldt; Dan Högberg; Magnus Holm, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2022, s. 39-50Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) is a process that aims to align dimensioning efforts in a company, based on one integrated plan and with clear decision milestones. The alignment is cross-functional and connects different operations functions with each other to set an overall delivery ability. There are always challenges connecting different functions in a company which most S&OP practitioners agree with, still, that is one of the things that the S&OP-process should bridge. Digital solutions such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and other more or less sophisticated tools have contributed to an improved cross functional communication over time. S&OP in an Engineer-to-order (ETO) context, especially where engineering is a major or an equal portion as e.g., make-to-stock (MTS) and make-to-order (MTO) contexts, may experience even further challenges. Technologies within Industry 4.0 are changing the way S&OP is carried out; one of the most relevant ones is Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly, Machine Learning (ML) that analyses data collected during these processes to find patterns and extract knowledge. The intent with this paper is to, based on S&OP-challenges, see if ML can be used to improve these challenges.

    In a brief literature review together with empiric data from a single industrial case (SIC), S&OP-challenges were defined and structured. Based on the challenges in several S&OP-sub-areas, classified into data quality, horizontal and vertical disconnects, specific tasks were specified and structured into anomaly detection, clustering and classification, and predictions. Which exact ML-method to use require further work and tests. Still, this is a good starting point to take the next step and the specified tasks could also be used for other practitioners that want to start using ML/AI in their daily activities.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 35.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Cognitive Evaluation of Uncertainty Visualization Methods for Decision Making2007Inngår i: Proceedings APGV 2007 Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization Tübingen, Germany July 25 – 27, 2007 / [ed] Stephen N. Spencer, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2007, s. 133-133Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Uncertainty constitutes a major obstacle to effective decision making. This work presents perceptual and cognitive principles from Tufte, Chambers and Bertin as well as results from user experiments for the theoretical evaluation of uncertainty visualization techniques that aid decision making. These principles can be used in future theoretical evaluations of existing or newly developed uncertainty visualization methods before usability testing with actual users.

  • 36.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Evaluation of Normal Model Visualization for Anomaly Detection in Maritime Traffic2014Inngår i: ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, ISSN 2160-6455, E-ISSN 2160-6463, Vol. 4, nr 1, artikkel-id 5Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Monitoring dynamic objects in surveillance applications is normally a demanding activity for operators, not only because of the complexity and high dimensionality of the data but also because of other factors like time constraints and uncertainty. Timely detection of anomalous objects or situations that need further investigation may reduce operators' cognitive load. Surveillance applications may include anomaly detection capabilities, but their use is not widespread, since they usually generate a high number of false alarms, they do not provide appropriate cognitive support for operators, and their outcomes can be difficult to comprehend and trust. Visual analytics can bridge the gap between computational and human approaches to detecting anomalous behavior in traffic data, making this process more transparent. As a step toward this goal of transparency, this article presents an evaluation that assesses whether visualizations of normal behavioral models of vessel traffic support two of the main analytical tasks specified during our field work in maritime control centers. The evaluation combines quantitative and qualitative usability assessments. The quantitative evaluation, which was carried out with a proof-of-concept prototype, reveals that participants who used the visualization of normal behavioral models outperformed the group which did not do so. The qualitative assessment shows that domain experts have a positive attitude towards the provision of automatic support and the visualization of normal behavioral models, since these aids may reduce reaction time and increase trust in and comprehensibility of the system

  • 37.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Evaluation of Uncertainty Visualization Techniques for Information Fusion2007Inngår i: 2007 10th International Conference on Information Fusion, IEEE, 2007, s. 623-630Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper highlights the importance of uncertainty visualization in information fusion, reviews general methods of representing uncertainty and presents perceptual and cognitive principles from Tufte, Chambers and Bertin as well as users experiments documented in the literature. Examples of uncertainty representations in information fusion are analyzed using these general theories. These principles can be used in future theoretical evaluations of existing or newly developed uncertainty visualization techniques before usability testing with actual users.

  • 38.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Research proposal: Information Visualization for Information Fusion2007Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Information fusion is a field of research that strives to establish theories, techniques and tools that exploit synergies in data retrieved from multiple sources. In many real-world applications huge amounts of data need to be gathered, evaluated and analyzed in order to make the right decisions. An important key element of information fusion is the adequate presentation of the data that guides decision-making processes efficiently. This is where theories and tools developed in information visualization, visual data mining and human computer interaction (HCI) research can be of great support. This report presents an overview of information fusion and information visualization, highlighting the importance of the latter in information fusion research. Information visualization techniques that can be used in information fusion are presented and analyzed providing insights into its strengths and weakness. Problems and challenges regarding the presentation of information that the decision maker faces in the ground situation awareness scenario (GSA) lead to open questions that are assumed to be the focus of further research

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 39.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    The importance of visualization and interaction in the anomaly detection process2013Inngår i: Innovative approaches of data visualization and visual analytics / [ed] Mao Lin Huang & Weidong Huang, Information Science Reference, 2013, s. 133-150Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 40.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Visual Analytics for Maritime Anomaly Detection2011Doktoravhandling, monografi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The surveillance of large sea areas typically involves  the analysis of huge quantities of heterogeneous data.  In order to support the operator while monitoring maritime traffic, the identification of anomalous behavior or situations that might need further investigation may reduce operators' cognitive load. While it is worth acknowledging that existing mining applications support the identification of anomalies, autonomous anomaly detection systems are rarely used for maritime surveillance. Anomaly detection is normally a complex task that can hardly be solved by using purely visual or purely computational methods. This thesis suggests and investigates the adoption of visual analytics principles to support the detection of anomalous vessel behavior in maritime traffic data. This adoption involves studying the analytical reasoning process that needs to be supported,  using combined automatic and visualization approaches to support such process, and evaluating such integration. The analysis of data gathered during interviews and participant observations at various maritime control centers and the inspection of video recordings of real anomalous incidents lead to a characterization of the analytical reasoning process that operators go through when monitoring traffic. These results are complemented with a literature review of anomaly detection techniques applied to sea traffic. A particular statistical-based technique is implemented, tested, and embedded in a proof-of-concept prototype that allows user involvement in the detection process. The quantitative evaluation carried out by employing the prototype reveals that participants who used the visualization of normal behavioral models outperformed the group without aid. The qualitative assessment shows that  domain experts are positive towards providing automatic support and the visualization of normal behavioral models, since these aids may reduce reaction time, as well as increase trust and comprehensibility in the system. Based on the lessons learned, this thesis provides recommendations for designers and developers of maritime control and anomaly detection systems, as well as guidelines for carrying out evaluations of visual analytics environments.

  • 41.
    Riveiro, Maria
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Visually supported reasoning under uncertain conditions: Effects of domain expertise on air traffic risk assessment2016Inngår i: Spatial Cognition and Computation, ISSN 1387-5868, E-ISSN 1573-9252, Vol. 16, nr 2, s. 133-153Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This article investigates the impact that domain expertise has on risk assessment when analyzing uncertain geographical and sensor data. The differences between novice and expert air traffic operators were examined taking into account the performance of identifying and classifying threatening targets, the time needed to carry out such classifications, and the confidence reported for each decision. The results show that confidence was significantly higher for the expert group. This was supported by the after-test questionnaire because none of the novice participants reported being more confident with the visualizations of uncertainty provided. No significant differences regarding time and performance were found between the groups, even if experts needed, on average, more time to make a decision. Based on the collected logs, the experienced participants more often accessed the detailed information for each object presented by the tool tip. Both the time taken and the data accessed might indicate that experts had better situation awareness. Finally, the experts reported higher workload values related to performance.

  • 42.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Bergström, Erik
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Carlén, Urban
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Inför en ökad jämställdhet i datavetenskapliga utbildningsprogram2012Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [sv]

    En hel del forskning har genomförts under åren för att bättre förstå obalansen i antalet män och kvinnor på datavetenskapliga utbildningar. Problematiken med övervägande manliga studenter delas generellt inom området, men angår även andra utbildningar med högt antal kvinnliga studenter. Dessvärre uttrycks fortfarande en förenklad bild om att det ena eller andra könet anses mer lämpat att studera specifika ämnen. Få studier analyserar jämställdhet ur ett lärandeperspektiv; alltså på vad sätt människor påverkas i lärandet i en miljö vilken domineras av ena könet. Ett sätt att öka kunskapen om jämställdhet i högre studier är genom att undersöka studenters och högskolelärares idéer om vad obalansen betyder för deras kommunikation och sociala relationer i undervisningen. Idén med att skapa en ökad balans mellan könen har betydelse för akademins arbete med att stävja avhopp i högre studier, och samtidigt attrahera nya studentgrupper, särskilt till utbildningar de annars inte hade tänk studera.

    Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en mansdominerad lärandemiljö påverkar kvinnliga studenter på högre utbildningsprogram inom det datavetenskapliga området. För att besvara forskningsfrågan har utbildningsprogrammet Nätverk- och systemadministration (NSA) vid Högskolan i Skövde valts ut som fallstudieobjekt. Programmet anses vara en tekniskt mansdominerad utbildning med lågt antal kvinnliga studenter. Resultaten från fallstudien indikerar att den mansdominerade miljön inte direkt påverkar lärandemiljön för de kvinnliga studenterna på NSA-programmet. Med tanke på den skevhet som råder gällande studentantal i studien blir ändå resultatet något oväntat. Inför en ökad jämställdhet i datavetenskapliga utbildningsprogram bör akademin möjliggöra kvinnliga förebilder så väl bland studentgrupper som inom lärarkåren. På så vis placeras resultatet i en större kontext än i själva lärandemiljön i sig självt, där normer och kulturella aspekter bör utforskas ytterligare i termer av ett livslångt lärande. Studien erbjuder pedagogiska implikationer för ett fortsatt arbete med genusfrågor i högre teknikintensiva utbildningar.

  • 43.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Dahlbom, Anders
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    König, Rikard
    Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Johansson, Ulf
    Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Brattberg, Peter
    Department of Information Technology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden / PGA Sweden, Bara, Sweden.
    Supporting Golf Coaching and Swing Instruction with Computer-Based Training Systems2015Inngår i: Learning and Collaboration Technologies: Second International Conference, LCT 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings / [ed] Panayiotis Zaphiris; Andri Ioannou, Springer International Publishing Switzerland , 2015, Vol. 9192, s. 279-290Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Golf is a popular sport around the world. Since an accomplished golf swing is essential for succeeding in this sport, golf players spend a considerable amount of time perfecting their swing. In order to guide the design of future computer-based training systems that support swing instruction, this paper analyzes the data gathered during interviews with golf instructors and participant observations of actual swing coaching sessions. Based on our field work, we describe the characteristics of a proficient swing, how the instructional sessions are normally carried out and the challenges professional instructors face. Taking into account these challenges, we outline which desirable capabilities future computer-based training systems for professional golf instructors should have.

  • 44.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Detecting anomalous behavior in sea traffic: A study of analytical strategies and their implications for surveillance systems2014Inngår i: International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, ISSN 0219-6220, E-ISSN 1793-6845, Vol. 13, nr 2, s. 317-360Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 45.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL). Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Empirical evaluation of visualizations of normal behavioral models for supporting maritime anomaly detection2011Inngår i: Abstracts of GeoViz: Linking Geovisualization with Spatial Analysis and Modeling, March 10–11, 2011, Hamburg, Germany, 2011, s. 1-2Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 46.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Evaluating the usability of visualizations of normal behavioral models for analytical reasoning2010Inngår i: Proceedings 2010 Seventh International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization: CGIV 2010: 7-10 August 2010 Sydney, Australia / [ed] Ebad Banissi, Muhammad Sarfraz and Mao Lin Huang, IEEE Computer Society, 2010, s. 179-185Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Many approaches for anomaly detection use statistical based methods that build profiles of normality. In these cases, anomalies are defined as deviations from normal models build from representative data. Detection systems based solely on these approaches typically generate high false alarm rates due to the difficulty of creating flawless models. In order to support the comprehension, validation and update of such models, this paper is devoted to the visualization of normal behavioral models of sea traffic and their usability evaluation. First, we present geographical projections of the different probability density functions that represent the normal traffic behavior and second, we outline results from a usability assessment carried out in order to evaluate the ability of such visualizations to support representative tasks related to the establishment of normal situational picture.

  • 47.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Interactive Visualization of Normal Behavioral Models and Expert Rules for Maritime Anomaly Detection2009Inngår i: Computer graphics, imaging & visualisation: New advances and trends / [ed] Ebad Banissi, Muhammad Sarfraz, Jiawan Zhang, Anna Ursyn, Wong Chow Jeng, Mark W. McK. Bannatyne, Jian J. Zhang, Lim Hwee San, and Mao Lin Huang, IEEE Computer Society, 2009, s. 459-466Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Maritime surveillance systems analyze vast amounts of heterogeneous sensor data from a large number of objects. In order to support the operator while monitoring such systems, the identification of anomalous vessels or situations that might need further investigation may reduce the operator’s cognitive load. While it is worth acknowledgingthat many existing mining applications support identification of anomalous behavior, autonomous anomaly detection systems are rarely used in the real world, since the detection of anomalous behavior is normally not a welldefined problem and therefore, human expert knowledge is needed. This calls for the development of interaction components that can support the user in the detection process.

    In order to support the comprehension of the knowledge embedded in the system, we propose an interactive way of visualizing expert rules and normal behavioral models built from the data. The overall goal is to facilitate the validation and update of these models and signatures, supporting the insertion of human expert knowledge while improving confidence and trust in the system.

  • 48.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Supporting the analytical reasoning process in maritime anomaly detection: evaluation and experimental design2010Inngår i: Proceedings 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation: IV 2010: 26-29 July 2010 London, United Kingdom, IEEE Computer Society, 2010, s. 170-178Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the growing number of systems providing visual analytic support for investigative analysis, few empirical studies include investigations on the analytical reasoning process that needs to be supported. In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate the ability of certain visual representations from an integrated visual-computational environment to support the completion of representative tasks. The problem area studied is the detection and identification of anomalous vessels and situations while monitoring maritime traffic data. This paper presents: (1) a brief review of current evaluation methodologies within information visualization and visual analytics, (2) an analysis of operator’s analytical reasoning process (derived from field work in maritime control centers and a literature review on analytical reasoning theories), (3) a list of representative tasks for usability evaluation and (4) an approach to evaluate the use of normal behavioral models representations during the detection process.

  • 49.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    The role of visualization and interaction in maritime anomaly detection2011Inngår i: Visualization and Data Analysis 2011: Proceedings of SPIE / IS & T Electronic Imaging / [ed] Pak Chung Wong, Jinah Park, Ming C. Hao, Chaomei Chen, Katy Börner, David L. Kao, Jonathan C. Roberts, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2011, s. Article number 78680M, 1-12Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The surveillance of large sea, air or land areas normally involves the analysis of large volumes of heterogeneous data from multiple sources. Timely detection and identification of anomalous behavior or any threat activity is an important objective for enabling homeland security. While it is worth acknowledging that many existing mining applications support identification of anomalous behavior, autonomous anomaly detection systems for area surveillance are rarely used in the real world. We argue that such capabilities and applications present two critical challenges: (1) they need to provide adequate user support and (2) they need to involve the user in the underlying detection process.

    In order to encourage the use of anomaly detection capabilities in surveillance systems, this paper analyzes the challenges that existing anomaly detection and behavioral analysis approaches present regarding their use and maintenance by users. We analyze input parameters, detection process, model representation and outcomes. We discuss the role of visualization and interaction in the anomaly detection process. Practical examples from our current research within the maritime domain illustrate key aspects presented.

  • 50.
    Riveiro, Maria
    et al.
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Falkman, Göran
    Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi. Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Skövde Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL).
    Ziemke, Tom
    Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information. Högskolan i Skövde, Forskningscentrum för Informationsteknologi.
    Improving maritime anomaly detection and situation awareness through interactive visualization2008Inngår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2008), IEEE Computer Society, 2008, s. 47-54Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Surveillance of large land, air or sea areas with a multitude of sensor and sensor types typically generates huge amounts of data. Human operators trying to establish individual or collective maritime situation awareness are often overloaded by this information. In order to help them cope with this information overload, we have developed a combined methodology of data visualization, interaction and mining techniques that allows filtering out anomalous vessels, by building a model over normal behavior from which the user can detect deviations. The methodology includes a set of interactive visual representations that support the insertion of the user’s knowledge and experience in the creation, validation and continuous update of the normal model. Additionally, this paper presents a software prototype that implements the suggested methodology.

     

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