This chapter presents a knowledge risk management framework. In turbulent times organizations of all sizes are required to be even more prepared to make necessary changes in their business strategies. Access to knowledge that is relevant and up-to-date is critical in meeting this challenge. Knowledge however is not always positive, i.e. something of value, but has a negative side as well. This situation can be tackled with a knowledge risk management approach that addresses knowledge from a holistic point of view. Therefore this approach supports companies in better managing their critical knowledge to master present and future business challenges. The aim of this chapter is to introduce knowledge risk management and its contribution to meeting these challenges. Regarding Knowledge management tools refer to the following chapter.