Johansson et al.(2002, 2003) estimated a constrained gravity model to capture distance-friction parameters present in the commuting pattern in Sweden. In this paper the same model is once more estimated to investigate the change over time. This investigation is fruitful, since one major deviation from the earlier results is observed. I also extend the model to incorporate wages and house prices. It turns out that these additional constraints have only minor effects on the distance friction. This is important, since the distance friction is used as input in calculating accessibility and potential measures used in many studies.
Reports 2015:2, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden