Högskolan i Skövde

This thesis concerns some aspects that have influence on the strength of adhesive layers. The strength is determined by the stress deformation-relation of the layer. This relation is also referred to as cohesive law. The aspects having influence on the cohesive laws that are studied in this work are temperature, fatigue, multi-axial fatigue and mixed mode loading.

For each aspect, a model is developed that can be used to describe the influence of the aspects on the cohesive laws numerically, e.g. by using the finite element method. These models are shown to give good agreement with the experimental results when performing simulations that aims at reproducing the experiments. For the aspect of temperature, a FE-model is suggested that can be used to simulate the mechanical behaviour in pure mode loadings at any temperature within the evaluated temperature span. Also, a damage law for modelling high cycle fatigue in a bonded structure in multi-axial loading is presented. Lastly, a new experimental set-up is presented for evaluating strength of adhesives during mixed mode loading. The set-up enables loading with a constant mode-mix ratio and by the experimental results, a potential model for describing the mechanical behaviour of the evaluated adhesive is presented.

In this work, the influence of the temperature on the cohesive laws for two epoxy adhesives is studied at temperatures below the glass transition temperature for both Mode I and Mode II loading. Cohesive laws are measured experimentally under quasi-static loading conditions in the temperature range -30≤T≤80"C" . Three parameters of the cohesive laws are studied in detail: the elastic stiffness, the peak stress and the fracture energy. Methods for determining the elastic stiffness in Mode I and Mode II are derived and evaluated. With these methods, the results in this work show that it is possible to measure all three parameters for each pure mode loading case by the use of only the DCB- and the ENF-test specimens. Even though the measures tend to spread in values, this can significantly reduce the cost for performing experiments. It is shown that most of the cohesive parameters are decreasing with an increasing temperature in both loading modes and for both adhesives. An exception is the Mode I fracture energy for one of the adhesives. This is shown to be independent of the temperature in the studied temperature range. For the same adhesive, the Mode II fracture energy is shown to be continuously decreasing with an increasing temperature. The experimental results are verified by finite element analyses. The simulations only consider uncoupled cohesive behaviours. By use of the experimental results, simplified bi-linear cohesive laws to be used at any temperature within the studied temperature range are derived for one adhesive in both loading modes. This is desired in order to simulate adhesively bonded structures that suffer a wide range in temperature.