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Effekten av paleolitisk kost på risken för hjärt-kärlsjukdom: En litteraturstudie
University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences.
2024 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
The effect of Paleolithic diet on the risk of cardiovascular disease : A literature review (English)
Abstract [sv]

Introduktion: Hjärt-kärlsjukdom är den ledande dödsorsaken i både Sverige och globalt och medför stora kostnader för samhället. Hjärt-kärlsjukdom påverkas i mycket stor utsträckning av livsstilsvanor och den riskfaktor som har störst inverkan är ohälsosamma matvanor. Paleolitisk kost anses av vissa vara den kost vi är evolutionärt anpassade för att äta. Syfte: Att beskriva hur paleolitisk kost påverkar riskfaktorer för hjärt-kärlsjukdom samt risken att drabbas och/eller dö av hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Metod: Studien är en strukturerad litteraturöversikt som inkluderade studier på både friska och sjuka människor från perioden 2014–2024. Resultat: Totalt 15 studier inkluderades. Sju interventionsstudier analyserades avseende riskfaktorer, åtta observationsstudier analyserades avseende effekt på incidens och dödlighet. Paleolitisk kost hade positiv effekt på vikt i samtliga studier och positiv effekt på blodtryck i tre av fem studier. Effekten på blodsocker var positiv i samtliga studier förutom de som studerade postmenopausala kvinnor. Effekten på blodfetter var varierande men övervägande positiv. Paleolitisk kost hade positiv effekt på incidens i två av fyra studier och positiv effekt på dödlighet i hjärtkärlsjukdom i tre av fyra studier. Inga negativa effekter rapporterades. Slutsats: Paleolitisk kost hade tvetydiga effekter på riskfaktorer för hjärt-kärlsjukdom och risken att drabbas eller dö av hjärt-kärlsjukdom. Effekterna var mindre tydliga för kvinnor som passerat klimakteriet. Tydligast effekt hade paleolitisk kost på vikt, fettmassa och midjemått. De positiva resultaten tillskrevs bland annat ett ökat intag av protein samt ett minskat intag av ultraprocessad mat.

Abstract [en]

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, both in Sweden and worldwide, and entails large cost for society. Cardiovascular disease is largely affected by lifestyle and the most prominent risk factor is unhealthy eating habits. The Paleolithic diet is by some considered to be the diet we are evolutionarily adapted to eat. Aim: To describe how Paleolithic diet affects risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the risk of incidence and/or mortality from cardiovascular disease. Methods: The study is a structured literature review including both healthy and unhealthy individuals from the years 2014– 2024. Results: A total of 15 studies were included. Seven intervention studies were analyzed regarding risk factors, eight observational studies were analyzed regarding effect on incidence and mortality. Paleolithic diet had a positive effect on weight in all studies and a positive effect on blood pressure in three of five studies. The effect on blood sugar was positive in all studies except for postmenopausal women. The effect on blood lipids was varied but predominantly positive. Paleolithic diet had a positive effect on incidence in two of four studies and a positive effect on mortality in three of four studies. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Paleolithic diet had varying effects on risk factors as well as incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The effects were less clear for postmenopausal women. The positive results were attributed to, among other things, an increased intake of protein and a reduced intake of ultra-processed food. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. , p. 43
Keywords [en]
Paleolithic diet, paleo diet, cardiovascular disease, lifestyle disease, dietary advice
Keywords [sv]
Paleolitisk kost, paleokost, hjärt-kärlsjukdom, livsstilssjukdomar, kostråd
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24214OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-24214DiVA, id: diva2:1882499
Subject / course
Public Health Science
Educational program
Public Health Sciences
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2024-07-05 Created: 2024-07-05 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

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