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Från traditionella till virtuella arbetsarrangemang: En kvalitativ studie om utbytesrelationer mellan ledare och följare på distans
University of Skövde, School of Business.
University of Skövde, School of Business.
2023 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
From traditional to virtual work arrangements : A qualitative study on exchange relationships between leaders and followers in remote work (English)
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of leader and follower exchange-relationships when work is conducted remotely, as well as the creation and development of such relationships. The study focuses on remote work in the form of full-time and hybrid solutions, which have become more common for many organizations. The theoretical framework of the study includes theories about remote work, leader-member-exchange, and followership. To conduct the study the authors used a qualitative research method with multiple case studies and semi-structured interviews. The respondents of the study consisted of four leaders and four followers. 

The results of the study indicate that reduced physical contact and interaction in remote work pose challenges to leaders and followers in their previous abilities to create and develop qualitative exchange relationships. Furthermore, leaders and followers establish exchange relationships through daily conversations and meetings via digital platforms. These relationships develop through common factors such as social identity, self-categorization, social categorization, human capital, social capital and personal attributes. Similarities in these factors contribute favorably to the creation of high-quality exchange relationships between leaders and followers. Remote work has brought forth new factors critical to developing high-quality exchange relationships, and both leaders and followers have different perspectives on remote work. Leaders find it challenging to lead and support their followers, while followers on the other hand don't think that their job tasks have been significantly affected.

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med denna undersökning är att öka förståelsen för ledare och följares utbytesrelationer när arbetet sker på distans, samt skapandet och utvecklandet av utbytesrelationer. Studien fokuserar på distansarbete i form av heltids- och hybridlösningar, arbetsformer som har blivit vanligare för allt fler organisationer.

Studiens teoretiska referensram innehåller teorier om distansarbete, leader-member-exchange och följarskap. För att genomföra studien använde författarna en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med flerfallstudier och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna i studien bestod av fyra ledare och fyra följare.

Resultaten från studien visar att den minskade fysiska kontakten och interaktionen vid distansarbete utmanar ledare och följares tidigare förmågor att skapa och utveckla utbytesrelationer. Respondenterna skapar utbytesrelationer genom dagliga samtal och möten via digitala plattformar. Utbytesrelationerna utvecklas genom gemensamma faktorer som social identitet, självkategorisering, social kategorisering, humankapital, socialt kapital och personliga egenskaper. Där likheter i ovanstående faktorer fördelaktigare bidrar till skapandet av högkvalitativa utbytesrelationer mellan ledare och följare. Vidare har distansarbete medfört att nya faktorer är kritiska för att utveckla högkvalitativa utbytesrelationer, samt att både ledare och följare har olika syn på distansarbete. Ledare upplever det svårt att leda och stödja följarna, medan följarna å andra sidan anser att deras arbetsuppgifter inte påverkats särskilt mycket.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. , p. 86
Keywords [en]
Leader-member-exchange, leaders, followers, followership, exchange relationships
Keywords [sv]
Leader-member-exchange, ledare, följare, följarskap, utbytesrelationer
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23008OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-23008DiVA, id: diva2:1781522
Subject / course
Business Administration; Business Administration
Educational program
Business Administration and Economics - Study Programme; Business Administration Study Programme - Leadership and Organizational Development
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2023-07-10 Created: 2023-07-10 Last updated: 2023-07-10Bibliographically approved

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