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Integrating life cycle assessment into simulation-based decision support
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. (Production and Automation Engineering)
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Increasing marketing and legislative requirements put heavy demands on the environmental performance of future transportation solutions. The resulting need to reduce total environmental impacts presents both challenges and opportunities to the transport sector as a whole, including the automotive industry. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to evaluate environmental performance in the automotive industry. However, the static nature of LCAlimits its usefulness for capturing dynamic environmental consequences in the manufacturing and operational phase. This thesis proposes a simulation-based approach to LCA that addresses this problem. Selected real-world case studies demonstrate the potential of the approach in both vehicle production processes and end-user applications. The work was preceded by a comprehensive review of the potential benefits and challenges of using simulation-based LCA in production processes. This review laid the foundation for the development and implementation of this method inthe automotive industry. Two real-world case studies demonstrate its value. The first was a waste collection case study in which LCA was integrated in an existing simulation-based decision support tool to optimize the company’s activities froma life cycle environmental impact perspective. A simultaneously developed simulation-based LCA model of an iron foundry production line extended the applicability of the method with a proposed decision support interpretation approach. The study shows that data and information from both simulation model and LCA databases can be integrated and utilized in the developed simulation-based LCA method. This allows different systems with different configurations to be combined to assess the relevant parameters, and eventually to provide information about overall environmental impacts to decision makers to improvethe environmental sustainability of the automotive industry.

Abstract [sv]

Ökade marknadsförings-och lagstiftningskrav ställer höga krav på miljöprestandan hos framtida transportlösningar. Det behov som detta innebär vad gäller att minska den totala miljöpåverkan medför både utmaningar och möjligheter för transportsektorn som helhet, inklusive fordonsindustrin. Livscykelanalys (LCA) används ofta för att utvärdera miljöprestanda inom fordonsindustrin. Den statiska karaktären hos LCA begränsar dock dess användbarhet när det handlar om att representera dynamiska miljökonsekvenser i tillverknings-och driftsfasen. Denna avhandling föreslår en simuleringsbaserad metod för LCA som tar itu med detta problem. Utvalda fallstudier från verkligheten påvisar potentialen för tillvägagångssättet i både fordonsproduktionsprocesser och slutanvändarapplikationer. Metodens utveckling har föregåtts av en omfattande genomgång av potentiella fördelar och utmaningar med att använda simuleringsbaserad LCA i produktionsprocesser. Denna granskning har sedan lagt grunden för utvecklingen och implementeringen av den föreslagna metoden. Två verkliga fallstudier påvisar dess värde. Den första är en fallstudie inom avfallsinsamling där LCA integrerats i ett befintligt simuleringsbaserat beslutsstödsverktyg för att optimera organisationens aktiviteter ur ett livscykelperspektiv utifrån miljöpåverkan. En simuleringsbaserad LCA-modell av en järngjuteriproduktionslinje utökade användbarheten hos metoden genom att en beslutsstödsmetod föreslogs. De genomförda studierna visar att data och information från både simuleringsmodeller och LCA-databaser kan integreras och utnyttjas i den utvecklade simuleringsbaserade LCA-metoden. Detta gör att olika system med olika konfigurationer kan kombineras för att utvärdera relevanta parametrar, och så småningom ge information om övergripande miljöpåverkan till beslutsfattare för att förbättra fordonsindustrins miljömässiga hållbarhet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Skövde: University of Skövde , 2022. , p. x, 43
Series
Dissertation Series ; 43
Keywords [en]
LCA, simulation-based decision support
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-21923ISBN: 978-91-984919-7-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-21923DiVA, id: diva2:1702615
Presentation
2022-09-09, ASSAR, Skövde, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-13 Created: 2022-10-11 Last updated: 2022-10-13Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Review of simulation-based life cycle assessment in manufacturing industry
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Review of simulation-based life cycle assessment in manufacturing industry
2019 (English)In: Production & Manufacturing Research, ISSN 2169-3277, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 490-502Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The manufacturing industry has a duty to minimize its environmental impact, and an increasing body of legislation mandates environmental impact evaluations from a life cycle perspective to prevent burden shift. The manufacturing industry is increasing its use of computer-based simulations to optimize production processes. In recent years, several published studies have combined simulations with life cycle assessments (LCAs) to evaluate and minimize the environmental impact of production activities. Still, current knowledge of simulations conducted for LCAs is rather disjointed. This paper accordingly reviews the literature covering simulation-based LCAs of production processes. The results of the review and cross-comparison of papers are structured in terms of seven elements in line with the ISO standard definition of LCA and report the strengths and limitations of the reviewed studies. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2019
Keywords
environmental impact, life cycle assessment, manufacturing, Simulation
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics Other Environmental Engineering Environmental Sciences Environmental Management
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17825 (URN)10.1080/21693277.2019.1669505 (DOI)000487233300001 ()2-s2.0-85073234963 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-10-28 Created: 2019-10-28 Last updated: 2023-06-20Bibliographically approved
2. Applying Life Cycle Assessment to Simulation-Based Decision Support: A Swedish Waste Collection Case Study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Applying Life Cycle Assessment to Simulation-Based Decision Support: A Swedish Waste Collection Case Study
2020 (English)In: Advances and New Trends in Environmental Informatics: ICT for Sustainable Solutions: Conference proceedings / [ed] Rüdiger Schaldach; Karl-Heinz Simon; Jens Weismüller; Volker Wohlgemuth, Cham: Springer, 2020, Vol. 1, p. 165-178Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A method of integrating life cycle assessment into a simulation-based decision support system has been developed to help decision-makers take environmental impact into account during daily operations. The method was demonstrated in a real-world case study involving eight different trucks, which were selected and maintained by the case company. The trucks used different fuels, namely diesel, biodiesel, vehicle gas, and electricity. Compared to conventional diesel trucks, those using biodiesel emitted 37% less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Gas trucks reduced GHG emissions by a further 40%. Overall, electric trucks have the lowest emissions. This paper also addresses the development of the methodology for this study. In particular, comparisons are made regarding the selection of different functional units and system activity mapping. Ways of achieving more accurate conclusions in future studies are discussed. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2020
Series
Progress in IS, ISSN 2196-8705, E-ISSN 2196-8713
Keywords
Life cycle assessment, Simulation, Decision support system
National Category
Energy Systems Energy Engineering Other Environmental Engineering
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19768 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-30862-9_12 (DOI)000661130900009 ()978-3-030-30862-9 (ISBN)978-3-030-30861-2 (ISBN)978-3-030-30864-3 (ISBN)
Conference
33rd International Conference EnviroInfo 2019, University of Kassel, Germany, 23rd – 26th September 2019
Note

© 2020

Part of the Progress in IS book series (PROIS)

Available from: 2021-06-09 Created: 2021-06-09 Last updated: 2023-06-20Bibliographically approved
3. Linking Simulation-Based LCA to Manufacturing Decision Support: An Iron Foundry Case Study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Linking Simulation-Based LCA to Manufacturing Decision Support: An Iron Foundry Case Study
2022 (English)In: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXV: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Incorporating the 36th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, 6–8 September 2022, University of Derby, Derby, UK / [ed] Mahmoud Shafik; Keith Case, IOS Press, 2022, p. 325-333Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In recent years, an increasing number of legislations have mandated environmental impact evaluations of products from a life cycle perspective. This study applies a discrete-event simulation-based life cycle assessment to study the environmental consequences that respond to system configuration changes in production processes. The proposed method allows capturing the dynamic links in production processes, which is lacking in conventional static LCA modelling. This approach is demonstrated via a real-world case study of a Swedish foundry production line, where its environmental impacts’ hotspots are identified. These environmental consequences are further analyzed to link to the respective production decision domains for providing suggestions on potential improvements. This study demonstrates the value of combining DES and LCA for revealing the hidden environmental consequences of production processes that are difficult to uncover with traditional LCA studies. Moreover, the strengths and difficulties of the proposed method are also discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press, 2022
Series
Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, ISSN 2352-751X, E-ISSN 2352-7528 ; 25
Keywords
Decision support systems, Discrete event simulation, Environmental impact, Foundries, Iron, Life cycle, Case-studies, Decision supports, Decisions makings, Discrete-event simulations, Environmental consequences, Environmental impact evaluation, Iron foundries, Life cycle assessment, Life cycle perspectives, Production process, Decision making, discrete-event simulation
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics Other Environmental Engineering Environmental Sciences Environmental Management
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-21938 (URN)10.3233/ATDE220611 (DOI)2-s2.0-85145600955 (Scopus ID)978-1-64368-330-0 (ISBN)978-1-64368-331-7 (ISBN)978-1-614994-39-8 (ISBN)
Conference
19th International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Incorporating the 36th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, 6–8 September 2022, University of Derby, Derby, UK
Note

CC BY-NC 4.0

International Conference on Manufacturing Research, ISSN 2053-3373

Available from: 2022-10-12 Created: 2022-10-12 Last updated: 2023-05-03Bibliographically approved
4. Evaluating environmental impacts of production process by simulation based life cycle assessment
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluating environmental impacts of production process by simulation based life cycle assessment
Show others...
2016 (English)In: Proceedings of the 7th Swedish Production Symposium, 2016Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Historically, the manufacturing industry is one of the main contributors to the environmental issues. With conservation of the environment becoming more and more critical for survival, it is of importance for the manufacturing industry to take responsibility for minimizing their productions’ environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment has been widely used in the product’s development phase within the manufacturing industry. However, the environmental impacts that come from various dynamic manufacturing processes are only estimated with large uncertainty. Some studies have suggested that the combination of life cycle assessment and production flow simulation is an appropriate approach to address the environmental impacts from the manufacturing processes. Nevertheless, these studies are often limiting their concerns to the limited life cycle phases or certain environmental impacts. This study proposes a framework regarding how to develop a method for evaluating and identifying improvements that help reduce the life-cycle environmental impacts of complex production processes. In addition, this work employs a simplified case study to demonstrate the proposed framework. 

National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13225 (URN)
Conference
7th Swedish Production Symposium, Lund, Sweden, October 25-27, 2016
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Available from: 2016-12-12 Created: 2016-12-12 Last updated: 2022-10-12Bibliographically approved
5. A Review of Simulation Based Life Cycle Assessment in Manufacturing Industry
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Review of Simulation Based Life Cycle Assessment in Manufacturing Industry
2018 (English)In: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXII: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Manufacturing Research, incorporating the 33rd National Conference on Manufacturing Research, September 11 – 13, 2018, Skövde, Sweden / [ed] Peter Thorvald, Keith Case, Amsterdam, Berlin, Washington,DC: IOS Press, 2018, Vol. 8, p. 381-386Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The manufacturing industry has a duty to minimize their environmental impact and more and more legislations include environmental impact evaluations from a life cycle perspective to avoid burden shift. Current manufacturing industry increase their use of computer-based simulations for optimizing production processes. In recent years, a number of studies have been published, combining simulations with life cycle assessments (LCA), to evaluate and minimize the environmental impact of production activities, as part of improving the production processes. Still, current knowledge concerning simulations for LCA is rather scattered. Therefore, this paper reviews relevant literature covering simulation based LCA for production development. The results of the review and cross comparison of papers are structured following the 6 categories in line with the ISO standard definition of LCA (goal formulation, scope definition, environmental impact assessment, data quality, level of modelling details, and model validation) and report the strengths and constraints of the reviewed studies. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam, Berlin, Washington,DC: IOS Press, 2018
Series
Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, ISSN 2352-751X, E-ISSN 2352-7528 ; 8
Keywords
life cycle assessment, production process, simulation
National Category
Engineering and Technology Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics Environmental Analysis and Construction Information Technology
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16342 (URN)10.3233/978-1-61499-902-7-381 (DOI)000462212700061 ()2-s2.0-85057394386 (Scopus ID)978-1-61499-901-0 (ISBN)978-1-61499-902-7 (ISBN)
Conference
16th International Conference on Manufacturing Research, incorporating the 33rd National Conference on Manufacturing Research, September 11 – 13, 2018, Skövde, Sweden
Available from: 2018-10-26 Created: 2018-10-26 Last updated: 2023-06-20Bibliographically approved

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Liu, Yu

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