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Interactive knowledge discovery and knowledge visualization for decision support in multi-objective optimization
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. (Production and Automation Engineering)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3124-0077
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. (Production and Automation Engineering)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5436-2128
2023 (English)In: European Journal of Operational Research, ISSN 0377-2217, E-ISSN 1872-6860, Vol. 306, no 3, p. 1311-1329Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In many practical applications, the end-goal of multi-objective optimization is to select an implementable solution that is close to the Pareto-optimal front while satisfying the decision maker’s preferences. The decision making process is challenging since it involves the manual consideration of all solutions. The field of multi-criteria decision making offers many methods that help the decision maker in this process. However, most methods only focus on analyzing the solutions’ objective values. A more informed decision generally requires the additional knowledge of how different preferences affect the variable values. One difficulty in realizing this is that while the preferences are often expressed in the objective space, the knowledge required to implement a preferred solution exists in the decision space. In this paper, we propose a decision support system that allows interactive knowledge discovery and knowledge visualization to support practitioners by simultaneously considering preferences in the objective space and their impact in the decision space. The knowledge discovery step can use either of two recently proposed data mining techniques for extracting decision rules that conform to given preferences, while the extracted knowledge is visualized via a novel graph-based approach that allows the discovery of important variables, their values and their interactions with other variables. The result is an intuitive and interactive decision support system that aids the entire decision making process — from solution visualization to knowledge visualization. We demonstrate the usefulness of this system on benchmark optimization problems up to 10 objectives and real-world problems with up to six objectives.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 306, no 3, p. 1311-1329
Keywords [en]
Decision support systems, Multi-objective optimization, Multiple criteria decision making, Data mining, Knowledge discovery
National Category
Computer Sciences Other Computer and Information Science Computer Systems Information Systems
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering; VF-KDO
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-21874DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2022.09.008ISI: 000925146600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85139046739OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-21874DiVA, id: diva2:1699643
Part of project
Virtual factories with knowledge-driven optimization (VF-KDO), Knowledge Foundation
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Note

CC BY 4.0

Corresponding author: Henrik Smedberg. E-mail addresses: henrik.smedberg@his.se (H. Smedberg), sunith.bandaru@his.se (S. Bandaru).

Erratum in: European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 308, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 496-497. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.040

The authors acknowledge the financial support received from KK-stiftelsen (The Knowledge Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden) under the Research Profile 2018 project Virtual Factories with Knowledge-Driven Optimization. For more information, please visit www.virtualfactories.se/

Available from: 2022-09-28 Created: 2022-09-28 Last updated: 2023-09-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Knowledge discovery for interactive decision support and knowledge-driven optimization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Knowledge discovery for interactive decision support and knowledge-driven optimization
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Multi-objective optimization involves the simultaneous optimization of several objective functions. In real-world problems, these objectives are often in conflict, giving rise to trade-offs in the optimal solutions from the optimization process. All these solutions are equally viable, with no single solution being better or worse than the others. Typically, decision makers have certain preferences that guide the selection of a final solution for practical implementation. While most multi-criteria decision analysis methods focus on the performance of solutions in the objective space, it is important to note that practically relevant knowledge is often found in the design space. Access to this knowledge can provide decision makers with meaningful insights into the problem and the optimization process, leading to more informed decision-making.

This thesis develops and employs methods for knowledge discovery in the context of multi-objective optimization. By emphasizing explicit knowledge representations, this thesis investigates how extracted knowledge can be processed and presented to decision-makers in an interactive manner for insightful decision support. This thesis also explores how extracted knowledge from preferred solutions can be integrated into the algorithms or the multi-objective optimization problem itself, to improve the convergence behavior of optimization algorithms. This approach, called Knowledge-Driven Optimization (KDO), can be implemented either offline or online. Offline KDO involves incorporating knowledge obtained from previous optimization runs into future problem scenarios of a similar nature, restricting the search process to preferred regions of the objective space. A main challenge with such approaches is the storage and retrieval of relevant past knowledge, as well as modifications to the optimization problem formulation. In contrast, online KDO involves integrating knowledge discovery methods with optimization algorithms and utilizing the knowledge obtained during their runtime to enhance the search process, driving algorithms towards better convergence in preferred regions of the objective space. This approach necessitates the development of new search operators capable of incorporating and exploiting various forms of knowledge.

In both offline and online KDO, the veracity and accuracy of the extracted knowledge are critical factors. The thesis validates the effectiveness of the developed methods using various benchmark and engineering optimization test problems, and use-cases from the manufacturing industry. A particular focus is given to generating explicit knowledge that is both meaningful to human decision makers, and can easily be processed algorithmically. The main contributions of this thesis are methods for discovering relevant knowledge about the convergence characteristics of problems, a decision support system for interactive knowledge discovery, and algorithms for realizing both offline and online KDO by incorporating knowledge into the optimization process.

Abstract [sv]

Flermålsoptimering hanterar samtidig optimering av flera målfunktioner, vilka i praktiska optimeringsproblem ofta är i konflikt, vilket ger upphov till avvägningar i de optimala lösningarna från optimeringsprocessen. Alla dessa lösningar är lika värdefulla, och ingen lösning är bättre eller sämre än någon annan. Typiskt sett har beslutsfattare också preferenser som styr valet av en slutlig lösning att implementera i praktiken. De flesta metoder för analys av flera kriterier fokuserar på prestandan hos en uppsättning lösningar i målrymden, det är dock viktigt att notera att praktiskt relevant kunskap ofta finns i designrymden till lösningarna. Tillgång till denna kunskap kan ge beslutsfattare betydelsefulla insikter till både problemet och optimeringsprocessen, vilket leder till mer informerat beslutstagande.

Denna avhandling utvecklar och använder metoder för kunskapsutvinning i sammanhanget av flermålsoptimering. Genom ett särskilt fokus på explicit kunskap, undersöker denna avhandling hur utvunnen kunskap kan bearbetas och presenteras för beslutsfattare på ett interaktivt sätt för förbättrat beslutsstöd. Det undersöks också hur utvunnen kunskap från tidigare lösningar kan integreras i algoritmer för flermålsoptimerings eller direkt i optimeringsproblem för att avlasta beräkning av nya lösningar i optimeringsprocessen. Sådana metoder, kallade kunskapsdriven optimering (KDO), kan implementeras antingen offline eller online. Offline KDO innebär att integrera kunskap som erhållits från tidigare optimeringar, i framtida, liknande problem, vilket avlastar sökprocessen till preferensrika regioner i målrymden. En huvudsaklig utmaning med offline KDO är lagring och återhämtning av relevant tidigare kunskap, samt modifieringar av formuleringar till optimeringsproblem. I kontrast innefattar online KDO att integrera metoder för kunskapsutvinning tillsammans med optimeringsalgoritmer, och att utnyttja den resulterande kunskapen under optimeringen, för att förbättra sökprocessen och driva algoritmerna mot snabbare ankomst i preferensrika regioner i målrymden. Sådana metoder kräver utveckling av nya sökoperatorer kapabla att integrera och utnyttja olika former av utvunnen kunskap.

I både offline och online KDO är det viktigt att den integrerade kunskapen beskriver beslutfattarens preferenser noggrant. Denna avhandling validerar effektiviteten hos de utvecklade metoderna med hjälp av olika benchmark-optimeringsproblem, praktiska tekniska testproblem och fallstudier från tillverkningsindustrin. Ett särskilt fokus har lagts på utvinning av explicit kunskap som både är meningsfull för beslutsfattare och som enkelt kan bearbetas algoritmiskt. Denna avhandlings huvudsakliga bidrag består av metoder för utvinning av relevant kunskap om sökbeteendet för problem, ett beslutstödssystem för interaktiv kunskapsutvinning, samt algoritmer för att förverkliga både offline och online KDO genom att integrera kunskap i optimeringsprocessen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Skövde: University of Skövde, 2023. p. xv, 185
Series
Dissertation Series ; 52
National Category
Computer Sciences Information Systems Software Engineering Computer Systems Computational Mathematics
Research subject
Virtual Production Development (VPD); VF-KDO
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23152 (URN)978-91-987906-6-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-09-27, Assar Industrial Innovation Arena, Kavelbrovägen 2B, Skövde, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-09-01 Created: 2023-09-01 Last updated: 2023-09-01Bibliographically approved

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Publisher's full textScopusRelated item: Erratum to “Interactive knowledge discovery and knowledge visualization for decision support in multi-objective optimization” [European Journal of Operational Research 306 (2023) 1311–1329, (S0377221722007202), (10.1016/j.ejor.2022.09.008)]

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Smedberg, HenrikBandaru, Sunith

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