The term cognitive enhancers are substances that increase cognitive performance. The stimulant methylphenidate is commonly used as a medication for attention deficit hyperactive disorder and is highly popular as a cognitive enhancer. One of its theorized mechanisms of action is to enhance working memory. This systematic review aims to examine literature that tests the effect of methylphenidate on cognitive performance, specifically working memory, in healthy subjects. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline Ebsco on 1st March 2022. Articles were selected based on the predetermined eligibility criteria. Of the ten selected articles, three found a significant effect of methylphenidate on working memory, and one found a significant effect on spatial working memory. The studies produced varied results due to differential use of working memory tasks and methylphenidate dosage. Further studies on how methylphenidate affects working memory are needed.