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Model Simplification Methods for Coded Discrete-Event Simulation Models: A Systematic Review and Experimental Study
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. Powertrain Engineering Sweden AB, Skövde, Sweden. (Produktion och automatiseringsteknik (PAT), Production and automation engineering)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1215-152x
Chalmers University of Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4086-3877
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. (Produktion och automatiseringsteknik (PAT), Production and automation engineering)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0880-2572
University of Skövde, School of Engineering Science. University of Skövde, Virtual Engineering Research Environment. Uppsala University, Sweden. (Produktion och automatiseringsteknik (PAT), Production and automation engineering)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0111-1776
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In an increasingly competitive market due to customer demands of customization and an increasing rate of new product variant introductions, companies need to explore new tools to support them to better predict and optimally re-configure their production networks. In terms of the factory flow level, discrete-event simulation and simulation-based optimization represent such kinds  of tools available at the disposal of production engineers or managers. For a complex factory consisting of multiple production lines, creating detailed simulation models of these lines and connecting them together can be used for optimization, but the computational complexity can be prohibitively large for acquiring results in time. Model simplification methods can be utilized to reduce the computational complexity of a model. In this study, a systematic literature review is conducted with the aim of identifying simplification methods for coded models, characteristics of the detailed model, type of industry, motivation, and validation measures. Based on the results of the literature review an experimental study wherein the limits of a specific simplification method are analyzed. We compare the output of a dynamically created model with the output of a simplified representation. A correlation can be observed between outputs for medium to large lines, but for smaller lines, there is a larger discrepancy. The simplification method allows for the reduction in simulation runtime, enabling simulation-based optimization of large lines or interconnected simplified models forming a production network, i.e., a factory, to be optimized and analyzed more efficiently, leading to competitive advantages for companies.

Keywords [en]
Discrete-event simulation, model simplification, model aggregation, systematic literature review
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20625OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-20625DiVA, id: diva2:1600921
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Note

Preprint submitted to international journal, August 25, 2021.

Available from: 2021-10-06 Created: 2021-10-06 Last updated: 2021-10-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Evaluating Fast and Efficient Modeling Methods for Simulation-Based Optimization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluating Fast and Efficient Modeling Methods for Simulation-Based Optimization
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

As the industry in general, and the automotive industry in particular, is transforming -- due to new technologies and changes in market demands through electrification, digitalization, and globalization -- maintaining a competitive edge will require better predictions. Better predictions of production performance allows companies to capitalize on opportunities, avoid costly mistakes, and be proactive about change.

A commonly used tool in manufacturing for the prediction of production performance is discrete-event simulation. In combination with artificial intelligence methods such as multi-objective optimization, in literature often referred to as simulation-based optimization, and knowledge extraction, bottlenecks in the production process can be identified and recipes for optimal improvement order can be obtained. These recipes support the decision-maker in both understanding the production system and improving it optimally in terms of resource efficiency and investment cost. Even though the use of simulation-based optimization is widespread on the production line level, use on the factory level is more scarce. Improvements on the production line level, without a holistic view of factory performance, can be suboptimal and may only lead to increased storage levels instead of increased output to the customer.

The main obstacle for applying simulation-based optimization to the factory level is the complexity of its constituent parts, i.e., detailed production line models. Connecting several detailed production line models to create a factory model results in an overly complicated, albeit, accurate model. A single factory model running for one minute would equate to almost 140 days required for an optimization project, too long to provide decision-support relevant to manufacturing decision-making. This can be mitigated by parallel computing, but a more effective approach is to simplify the production line models to decrease the runtime while trying to maintain accuracy. Model simplification methods are approaches to reduce model complexity in new and existing simulation models. Previous research has provided an accurate and runtime efficient simplification method by use of a generic model structure built by common modeling components. Although the method seems promising in a few publications, it was lacking external and internal validity.

This project presents simulation-based optimization on the factory level enabled by a model simplification method. By following the design science research methodology, several case-studies mainly in the automotive industry identify issues with the current implementation, propose additions to the method, and validates them.

Abstract [sv]

Industrin i allmänhet, och fordonsindustrin i synnerhet, är under transformation -- som reaktion på nya tekniker och marknadsförändringar orsakade av elektrifiering, digitalisering och globalisering -- och för att upprätthålla konkurrenskraft krävs bättre prediktering av nuvarande och framtida produktionsprestanda. Bättre prediktering ger företag möjlighet att gå från att vara reaktiva till att vara proaktiva och undvika kostsamma misstag.       

Ett vanligt verktyg i tillverkande industri för att förutspå produktionsprestanda är diskret händelsestyrd simulering. Kombinerat med artificiell intelligens -- genom flermålsoptimering, även kallat simuleringsbaserad optimering, och kunskapsextrahering -- kan flaskhalsar identifieras och ge recept för en optimal förbättringsordning. Dessa recept stödjer beslutsfattaren genom både förståelse för sitt eget produktionssystem och hur det kan förbättras optimalt med avseende på resurseffektivitet och investeringskostnad. Även om simuleringsbaserad optimering är vanligt förekommande för produktionslinjer är det desto mer sällsynt på fabriksnivån. Förbättringar på produktionslinjenivå, utan hänsyn till den övergripande fabriksnivån, kan vara suboptimala och endast leda till ökade lagernivåer istället för leverans till slutkund.       

Det största hindret för att applicera simuleringsbaserad optimering på fabriksnivån är komplexiteten av dess ingående delar, det vill säga de detaljerade modellerna på produktionslinjenivå. Att ansluta flera detaljerade produktionslinjemodeller för att skapa en fabriksmodell resulterar i en överkomplicerad men exakt modell. En fabriksmodell som kräver en minut simuleringstid betyder nästan 140 dagars simuleringstid för en optimeringsstudie. Tiden kan minskas genom parallella processer men ett mer lämpligt angreppssätt är att minska komplexiteten för produktionslinjemodellerna, och därmed körtiden, och samtidigt bibehålla noggrannheten i resultaten. Metoder för modellförenkling är angreppssätt för att reducera modellkomplexitet i nya och existerande modeller. En existerande metod ger noggranna och snabba modeller genom en generisk modellstruktur byggd på vanligt förekommande modellkomponenter. Metoden har visats fungera i ett antal publikationer men experiment för att säkerställa validitet och generaliserbarhet saknas.       

Detta projekt presenterar simuleringsbaserad optimering på fabriker vilket möjliggörs genom en validerad modellförenklingsmetod. Genom att följa forskningsmetoden design science har flera fallstudier planerats och genomförts för att identifiera brister i nuvarande implementation, genomföra förbättringar och validera dessa.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Skövde: University of Skövde, 2021. p. 140
Series
Dissertation Series ; 40
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Production and Automation Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20624 (URN)978-91-984919-4-4 (ISBN)
Presentation
2021-10-26, Portalen, Insikten, Kanikegränd 3, Skövde, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
Smart Industry Research School
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Note

In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of University of Skövde's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink.

Available from: 2021-10-12 Created: 2021-10-06 Last updated: 2021-11-01Bibliographically approved

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Lidberg, SimonFrantzén, MarcusAslam, TehseenNg, Amos H. C.

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