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Kvinnliga ledare inom mansdominerade branscher: Rollernas betydelse
University of Skövde, School of Business.
University of Skövde, School of Business.
2021 (Swedish)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Female leaders in male dominated industries : The importance of roles (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Jämställdhetsbarometern (2020) visar att det fortfarande råder stora könsskillnader i det svenska arbetslivet. Att jämställdheten inte är optimal visar bland annat fördelningen av kvinnor respektive män på ledande positioner, där den största skillnaden av andelen kvinnor respektive män på chefspositioner finns inom mansdominerade branscher. Ledarrollen är förknippad med maskulina handlingskraftiga egenskaper som ses som synonymt med den manliga könsstereotypen. Den kvinnliga könssterotypen är i kontrast feminin, och diskrepansen mellan rollerna har resulterat i negativa konsekvenser för kvinnliga ledare. Sverige anno 2021 målas upp som ett jämställt land vilket borde medföra att problemen inte existerar i Sverige som de gör i andra nationella kontext.             

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur följare ser på kvinnliga ledare och vilken typ av egenskaper de föredrar hos en ledare i en mansdominerad bransch i Sverige utifrån ett Implicit Leadership Theory, där bedömningen av kvinnliga ledare sätts i relation till Role Congruity Theory.

Teoretisk referensram: Studien utgår från empiri inom Implicit Leadership Theory (ILT) och Role Congruity Theory (RCT). ILT är en ledarskapsteori som berör perceptionen av ledare och menar att ledarskap skapas av kognitiva kategoriseringar, som avgör vem som ses som ledare. RCT är en teori som uppkom genom en analys av de deskriptiva aspekterna av könsroller för att förstå hur könsfördomar möjligtvis skadar kvinnliga ledare. Metod: Den kvantitativa undersökningen, som utfördes i den här studien, genomfördes via en enkätstudie och riktades till medarbetare på en organisation inom verkstadsindustrin som hade en kvinnlig produktionsledare som närmsta chef.

Slutsats: Det finns signifikanta samband mellan åsikter om kvinnor och andra faktorer, som vi anser berör ledarskap, i mansdominerade branscher. Fördomar verkar vara av betydelse när det kommer till preferensen av maskulina ledare samt om man upplever en kvinnlig ledare som effektiv eller inte. Resultatet från den här studien stödjer tidigare forskning som visade att maskulinitet och femininitet är något som har ett positivt samband till hur följare upplever ledare i relation till effektivitet. Däremot kan inga kausala slutsatser dras.

Abstract [en]

Background: The Equality Barometer (2020) shows that gender differences are large in  Swedish work life. That equality isn’t optimal shows in the distribution of women, respectively men, in leading positions, where the largest difference in the amount of women respectively men can be seen in director/management level positions in male-dominated industries. The leader role is associated with masculine, agentic, characteristics which is seen as synonymous with the male gender stereotype. The female gender stereotype is, in contrast,feminine, and the discrepancy between roles have resulted in negative consequences for female leaders. Sweden year 2021 is branded as an equal country which should mean that the problems should not exist in Sweden to the same extent as they do in other national contexts.

Purpose: The purpose with the study was to investigate how followers view female leaders and what kind of characteristics they prefer a ledare expresses, in a male-dominated industry in Sweden. This will be done from an Implicit Leadership Theory perspective, where the evaluation of female leaders are put in relation to the Role Congruity Theory.

Theoretical framework: The study emanates from the empirical work within Implicit Leadership Theory (ILT) and Role Congruity Theory (RCT). ILT is a leadership theory which focuses on the perception of leaders and says that leadership is created out of cognitive categorisations which decide who is seen as a leader and who is not. RCT is a theory which arose from an analysis of the descriptive aspects of gender roles to understand how gender prejudice possibly harms female leaders.

Method: The quantitative research, which was conducted in this study, was conducted through a survey and aimed at workers at an organisation within the engineering industry which had a female production manager as their closest boss.

Conclusion: There are significant correlations between opinions about women and other factors, which we consider affect leadership, in a male-dominated industry in Sweden. Prejudice appears to be of significance when it comes to preference for masculine leaders and if female leaders are perceived as effective or not. The results from this study support previous research which showed masculinity and femininity as something with a positive 4correlation to how followers perceive leaders in relation to effectiveness. However, nofactitive conclusions can be made. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2021. , p. 74
Keywords [en]
Gender stereotypes, Implicit Leadership, Role Congruity Theory, leadership, female leaders, prejudice
Keywords [sv]
Könsstereotyper, Implicit Leadership, Role Congruity Theory, ledarskap, kvinnliga ledare, fördomar
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20594OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-20594DiVA, id: diva2:1596915
Subject / course
Business Administration
Educational program
Leadership and Organizational Development - Master’s Programme
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2021-09-23 Created: 2021-09-23 Last updated: 2021-09-23Bibliographically approved

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