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Can Johnny actually like security training?
University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment. (Informationssystem (IS), Information Systems)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2084-9119
University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment.
University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment.
University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, Informatics Research Environment. (Informationssystem (IS), Information Systems)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5962-9995
2020 (English)In: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development (STPIS 2020): Virtual conference in Grenoble, France, June 8-9, 2020 / [ed] Peter Bednar, Alexander Nolte, Mikko Rajanen, Helena Vallo Hult, Anna Sigridur Islind, Federico Pigni, CEUR-WS , 2020, p. 76-83Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Information security is a socio-technical property where a lot of traditional efforts has been placed in the technical domain. Security has been seen as a technical challenge and the solutions has been technical. However, it is well known that human behavior plays a key role in information security and the user is often seen as the weakest link in the security chain. As such, information security is a socio-technical property where the social, or human side needs increased attention. Security training is commonly suggested as the way to improve user behavior but the effects of various training efforts is also under-researched. This paper demonstrates how ContextBased MicroTraining (CBMT) can be implemented and performs a usability evaluation of that implementation. CBMT is a method for information security training which has been developed over years of research. The paper demonstrates that the CBMT method can aid in the development of highly usable security training. The paper also emphasizes the need for user centered design in development of security software intended for end-users. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
CEUR-WS , 2020. p. 76-83
Series
CEUR Workshop Proceedings, ISSN 1613-0073 ; 2789
Keywords [en]
CBMT, ContextBased MicroTraining, Usability, Usable security, Security training
National Category
Information Systems
Research subject
INF303 Information Security; Information Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19357Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85099414436OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-19357DiVA, id: diva2:1513112
Conference
6th International Workshop on Socio-Technical Perspective in IS development, virtual conference in Grenoble, France, June 8-9, 2020
Projects
Utveckling av beslutsstöd för användare i riskfyllda situationer online
Funder
The Swedish Post and Telecom Authority (PTS), 19-10617
Note

CC BY 4.0

Available from: 2020-12-29 Created: 2020-12-29 Last updated: 2022-09-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Context-Based Micro-Training: Enhancing cybersecurity training for end-users
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Context-Based Micro-Training: Enhancing cybersecurity training for end-users
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This research addresses the human aspect of cybersecurity by developing a method for cybersecurity training of end-users. The reason for addressing that area is that human behaviour is widely regarded as one of the most used attack vectors. Exploiting human behaviour through various social engineering techniques, password guessing, and more is a common practice for attackers. Reports even suggest that human behaviour is exploited in 95% of all cybersecurity attacks. 

Human behaviour with regard to cybersecurity has been long discussed in the research. It is commonly suggested that users need support to behave securely. Training is often suggested as the way to improve user behaviour, and there are several different training methods available. The available training methods include instructor-led training, game-based training, eLearning, etc. However, even with the diversity of existing training methods, the effectiveness of such training has been questioned by recent research. Research suggests that existing training does not facilitate knowledge retention and user participation to a high enough degree.    

This research aims to address the problems with current training practices by developing a new method for cybersecurity training of end-users. The research used a design science (DS) approach to develop the new method in three increasingly complex design cycles. Principles for cybersecurity training were developed based on previous research and the Technology Acceptance Model and made the theoretical foundation of the reserach. The result is a theoretically grounded method for cybersecurity training that outlines goals and guidelines for how such training should be implemented. It has been evaluated in several steps with more than 1800 survey participants and 300 participants in various experiments. The evaluations have shown that it can both support users towards secure behaviour and be appreciated by its users.  

The main contribution of this research is the method for cybersecurity training, Context-Based Micro-Training (CBMT). CBMT is a theoretical contribution that describes good practices for cybersecurity training for end-users. Practitioners can adopt it as a guide on how to implement such training or to support procurement decisions. The research also shows the importance of integrating usability into the development of security practices. Users must positively receive both training and the guidelines imposed by training since positive user perception increases user adoption. Finally, the research shows that following security guidelines is difficult. While training is essential, this research suggests that training alone is not enough, and future research should consider the interplay between training and other support mechanisms.

Abstract [sv]

Denna forskning adresserar mänskliga aspekter på cybersäkerhet genom att utveckla en metod för cybersäkerhetsträning av användare. Forskningen motiveras med att användarbeteende anses vara en av de attackvektorer som angripare oftast använder. Att använda social manipulation, gissa lösenord och liknande för att utnyttja mänskligt beteende är vanligt. Vissa rapporter hävdar till och med att mänskligt beteende utnyttjas i 95% av alla cyberattacker.

Användarbeteende relaterat till cybersäkerhet har diskuterats i forskningen under lång tid. Det beskrivs ofta att användare behöver stöd för att agera säkert och träning föreslås ofta som sättet för att förbättra användarbeteenden. Det finns flera olika träningsmetoder att tillgå, bland annat lärarledd träning, spelbaserad träning och eLearning. Trots att det finns en mångfald av träningsmetoder har effektiviteten hos dessa metoder blivit ifrågasatt i samtida forskning. Forskning visar att existerande träningsmetoder inte ger tillräckligt bestående kunskap eller har tillräckligt hög användningsgrad.

Målet med denna forskning är att adressera problemen med existerande metoder för cybersäkerhetsträning genom att utveckla en ny metod för cybersäkerhetsträning av användare. Designbaserad forskning tillämpades för att utveckla den nya metoden i tre allt mer komplexa designcykler. Principer för cybersäkerhetsträning utvecklades baserat på tidigare forskning och teorin Technology Acceptance Model. Dessa principer utgjorde startpunkten för denna forskning. Resultatet är en teoretisk grundad metod för cybersäkerhetsträning vilken beskriver mål och riktlinjer för hur träning kan implementeras. Metoden har utvärderats i flera steg med fler än 1800 enkätdeltagare och 300 deltagare i olika experiment. Utvärderingarna visar att metoden kan stödja användare att agera säkert och att metoden uppskattas av användare.

Det huvudsakliga bidraget från denna forskning är metoden för säkerhetsträning, KontextBaserad MikroTräning (CBMT). CBMT är ett teoretiskt bidrag som beskriver mål och riktlinjer för säkerhetsträning av användare. Yrkesverksamma kan använda metoden som en guide för implementation av säkerhetsträning eller som ett stöd vid upphandling av säkerhetsträning. Forskningen visar också att det är viktigt att integrera användbarhet i utvecklingen av säkerhetsrutiner. När användare är positiva till träning, och de rutiner träningen förmedlar, ökar sannolikheten att användarna tillämpar rutinerna. Avslutningsvis påvisar forskningen att det är svårt för användare att följa säkerhetsråd. Även om träning är avgörande föreslår denna forskning att träning i sig inte är tillräckligt. Framtida forskning behöver studera samspelet mellan träning och andra stödfunktioner för användare.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Skövde: University of Skövde, 2022. p. 139
Series
Dissertation Series ; 45
Keywords
cybersecurity, training, usable, security, user, education, awareness
National Category
Computer Systems Information Systems
Research subject
Information Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-21819 (URN)978-91-984919-9-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-17, Assar Industrial Innovation Arena, Kavelbrovägen 2B, Skövde, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-15 Last updated: 2022-09-20Bibliographically approved

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Kävrestad, JoakimNohlberg, Marcus

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