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Localization from an Indie Game Production Perspective: Why, When and How?
University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre. (Interaction Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8291-1793
University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre. (Interaction Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9287-9507
University of Skövde, School of Informatics. University of Skövde, The Informatics Research Centre. (Interaction Lab)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9972-4716
2018 (English)In: DiGRA '18 - Proceedings of the 2018 DiGRA International Conference: The Game is the Message, Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA) , 2018Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper investigates the process of game localization from an indie development perspective. The global nature of the digitally distributed game industry gives opportunities for game studios of all sizes to develop and distribute games on a global market. This poses a challenge for small independent developers with limited resources in funding and personnel, seeking to get as wide spread of their game as possible. To reach the players in other regions of the world localization needs to be done, taking language and other regional differences in mind. In an AAA or big-budget game production, these questions are handled by separate entities focusing solely on the localization process – but how do small independent game developers handle this? Indie game developers in Sweden, China and India have been interviewed to investigate the research question of how do indie game developers handle localization in the development process. The results points to a widespread use of community- and fan translation, and that only basic localization is done i.e. culturalization aspects are not considered. The results also show that the reason for localizing can be both business decisions but also to spread a specific message using games.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA) , 2018.
Series
Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA), E-ISSN 2342-9666
Keywords [en]
game development, indie game, localization, game production
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Research subject
Interaction Lab (ILAB)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16133OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-16133DiVA, id: diva2:1244827
Conference
DIGRA 2018: The 11th Digital Games Research Association Conference, Turin, Italy, July 25-28, 2018
Funder
Interreg Öresund-Kattegat-SkagerrakAvailable from: 2018-09-03 Created: 2018-09-03 Last updated: 2022-09-16
In thesis
1. Being Local in a Global Industry: Game Localization from an Indie Game Development Perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Being Local in a Global Industry: Game Localization from an Indie Game Development Perspective
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

During recent years a rise of small, independent game developers have become a large part of the global game industry. These indie developers are often distributing their games using digital distribution with a self-publishing business model. While the possibilities to reach a large global audience are expanding with digital distribution, there are also challenges for the developers, where the work tasks previously handled by a publisher now has to be handled by the developers themselves. One such work task directly related to the globalness of the game industry is localization, which is the process of altering a product in such ways it can be used by consumers in a specific target market. 

The main objective of the thesis project is to understand how indie game developers are working with game localization as a part of the development process. In this case, "indie" refers to developers with limited resources in terms of financing and manpower, using a self-publishing business model. The research has partly been carried out through participatory field studies in close connection to indie game developers and development clusters in Sweden, China, and India. In addition to this, the technical aspects of game localization have been scrutinized through studies of localization support in commonly used game engines and game development tools.

The results of the thesis show that game localization is an important development task due to the global nature of the game industry, but that its complexity often is underestimated by the developers. To reach a large player base, localization is a must and should be planned for early in the process. Further, the results show that game localization is less resource demanding ifusing a localization friendly production pipeline, and that the tools to set up such production pipelines are available in all major game engines

Abstract [sv]

Under de senaste åren har en ökning av små, oberoende spelutvecklare blivit en stor del av den globala spelindustrin. Dessa indieutvecklare distribuerar ofta sina spel med hjälp av digitala distributionskanaler och agerar ofta även utgivare för sina egna spel. Samtidigt som möjligheterna att nå en stor global publik ökat med digital distribution finns det även utmaningar. Ett exempel är de arbetsuppgifter som tidigare sköttes av en förläggare eller utgivare och som nu måste skötas av utvecklarna själva. En sådan arbetsuppgift är lokalisering, en arbetsuppgift som dessutom är av stor vikt för att kunna nå en global spelarbas. 

Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att förstå hur små, oberoende spelutvecklare, ofta kallade indiespelsutvecklare, arbetar med lokalisering som en del av spelutvecklingsprocessen. I det här fallet syftar "indie" på utvecklare med begränsade resurser vad gäller finansiering och arbetskraft och som använder en självpublicerande affärsmodell. Avhandlingsarbetet har delvis utförts genom deltagande fältstudier i nära anslutning till indiespelsutvecklare och spelutvecklingskluster i Sverige, Kina och Indien. Utöver detta har de tekniska aspekterna av spellokalisering granskats genom studier av lokaliseringsstöd i vanligt förekommande spelmotorer och spelutvecklingsverktyg.

Resultaten från avhandlingen visar att spellokalisering är en viktig arbetsuppgift i spelutvecklingssammanhang. Detta på grund av att spelindustrin är global och att ett spel direkt har möjligheten att nå en stor internationell målgrupp. Däremot underskattas komplexiteten gällande lokaliseringsarbete vilket medför att lokaliseringsrelaterade frågor prioriteras ner i tidigt utvecklingsprocessen. Detta kan få stora konsekvenser i ett senare stadie, och resultaten från avhandlingen visar att lokalisering bör planeras tidigt i processen för att spara tid och resurser. Vidare pekar resultaten på att spellokalisering är mindre resurskrävande om man använder en lokaliseringsvänlig produktionspipelineoch att verktyg för att sätta upp sådana produktionspipelines finns tillgängliga i alla vanligt förekommande spelmotorer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Skövde: University of Skövde, 2022. p. x, 75
Series
Dissertation Series ; 47
Keywords
game development, localization, game development process, indie games
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Research subject
GAME Research Group
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-21822 (URN)978-91-987906-1-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-09-29, Portalen, Insikten, Kanikegränd 3B, Skövde, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Ett av sex delarbeten (övriga se rubriken Delarbeten/List of papers):

Toftedahl, M. (2021). Towards a deeper understanding of localization as a game development process: Game studio studies in Sweden and China. Submitted to Entertainment Computing (in review).

Available from: 2022-09-19 Created: 2022-09-16 Last updated: 2022-09-26Bibliographically approved

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Toftedahl, MarcusBacklund, PerEngström, Henrik

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