Högskolan i Skövde

The convergence of cyber and physical systems through cyber–physical systems (CPSs) has been integrated into cyber–physical production systems (CPPSs), leading to a paradigm shift toward intelligent manufacturing. Despite the transformative benefits that CPPS provides, its increased connectivity exposes manufacturers to cyber-attacks through exploitable vulnerabilities. This paper presents a novel approach to CPPS security protection by leveraging digital twin (DT) technology to develop a comprehensive security model. This model enhances asset visibility and supports prioritization in mitigating vulnerable components through DT-based virtual tuning, providing quantitative assessment results for effective mitigation. Our proposed DT security model also serves as an advanced simulation environment, facilitating the evaluation of CPPS vulnerabilities across diverse attack scenarios without disrupting physical operations. The practicality and effectiveness of our approach are illustrated through its application in a human–robot collaborative assembly system, demonstrating the potential of DT technology.