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Influence of physical fitness on cardio-metabolic risk factors in European children. The IDEFICS study
Univ Ghent, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Ghent, Belgium.
Univ Ghent, Dept Publ Hlth, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Ghent, Belgium.
Univ Bremen, Inst Publ Hlth & Nursing Res, Fac Human & Hlth Sci, Bremen, Germany.;Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
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2016 (English)In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 40, no 7, p. 1119-1125Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the associations of individual and combined physical fitness components with single and clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors in children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This 2-year longitudinal study included a total of 1635 European children aged 6-11 years. The test battery included cardio-respiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test), upper-limb strength (handgrip test), lower-limb strength (standing long jump test), balance (flamingo test), flexibility (back-saver sit-and-reach) and speed (40-m sprint test). Metabolic risk was assessed through z-score standardization using four components: waist circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), blood lipids (triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment). Mixed model regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age, parental education, sugar and fat intake, and body mass index. RESULTS: Physical fitness was inversely associated with clustered metabolic risk (P<0.001). All coefficients showed a higher clustered metabolic risk with lower physical fitness, except for upper-limb strength (beta = 0.057; P = 0.002) where the opposite association was found. Cardio-respiratory fitness (beta = -0.124; P<0.001) and lower-limb strength (beta = -0.076; P = 0.002) were the most important longitudinal determinants. The effects of cardio-respiratory fitness were even independent of the amount of vigorous-to-moderate activity (beta = -0.059; P = 0.029). Among all the metabolic risk components, blood pressure seemed not well predicted by physical fitness, while waist circumference, blood lipids and insulin resistance all seemed significantly predicted by physical fitness. CONCLUSION: Poor physical fitness in children is associated with the development of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Based on our results, this risk might be modified by improving mainly cardio-respiratory fitness and lower-limb muscular strength.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2016. Vol. 40, no 7, p. 1119-1125
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14421DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.22ISI: 000379498200011PubMedID: 26857382Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84977266454OAI: oai:DiVA.org:his-14421DiVA, id: diva2:1157597
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Group Author(s): IDEFICS Consortium

Available from: 2017-11-16 Created: 2017-11-16 Last updated: 2017-11-27Bibliographically approved

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Eiben, Gabriele

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