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Floegel, A., Intemann, T., Siani, A., Moreno, L. A., Molnár, D., Veidebaum, T., . . . IDEFICS/I.Family consortia, . (2024). Cohort-Based Reference Values for Serum Ferritin and Transferrin and Longitudinal Determinants of Iron Status in European Children Aged 3–15 Years. Journal of Nutrition
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cohort-Based Reference Values for Serum Ferritin and Transferrin and Longitudinal Determinants of Iron Status in European Children Aged 3–15 Years
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0022-3166, E-ISSN 1541-6100Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Background: Reference values of ferritin and transferrin for European children do not exist. Objective: We aimed to provide sex-, age-, and body mass index (BMI)-specific serum ferritin and transferrin reference percentiles of 3–15-y-old children based on cohort data and to investigate determinants of iron status. Methods: A total of 3390 ferritin and 3416 transferrin measurements from children residing in 8 European countries participating in the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN62310987) at baseline (W0) and 6 y later (W3) were used to estimate percentiles using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape. Associations of serum ferritin and transferrin concentrations with total iron intake, total iron intake additionally adjusted for vitamin C intake, and iron from heme sources were investigated separately with adjustment for sex, age, country of residence, parental education, usual energy intake and BMI z-score in regression models using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Results: The age-specific ferritin and transferrin 5th and 95th reference percentiles ranged from 10.9 to 81.1 μg/L and 2.23 to 3.56 g/L, respectively. A deficient iron status was observed in 3% of children at W0 and 7% of children and adolescents at W3, respectively. At both waves, a higher iron intake from heme sources was positively associated with serum ferritin {W0: β = 3.21 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 5.71]; W3: β = 4.48 [95% CI: 2.09, 6.87]}, that is, children consuming one mg more heme iron had a 3.21 and 4.48 μg/L higher ferritin concentration. Adherence to a mainly vegetarian diet was associated with a lower chance for sufficient serum ferritin cross-sectionally at W3 [odds ratio (OR) 0.40 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.81)] and longitudinally [OR 0.35 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.93)]. Conclusions: Age-, sex-, and BMI-specific reference percentiles of serum ferritin and transferrin concentrations based on cohort data are provided for European children aged 3–15 y and may be used in clinical practice. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
Keywords
child health, ferritin, iron deficiency, reference percentiles, transferrin
National Category
Pediatrics Nutrition and Dietetics Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23527 (URN)10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.001 (DOI)38048991 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85181248055 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU Sixth Framework Programme for Research, Contract No. 016181 (FOOD)EU Sixth Framework Programme for Research, Contract No. 266044
Note

CC BY 4.0 DEED

© 2023 The Authors

Correspondence Address: M. Wolters; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany; email: wolters@leibniz-bips.de; CODEN: JONUA

The IDEFICS study (http://www.idefics.eu) was supported by the European Commission within the Sixth RTD Framework Program [Contract No. 016181 (FOOD)] and the I.Family study (http://www.ifamilystudy.eu) was funded within the Seventh RTD Framework Program [Contract No. 266044].

Available from: 2024-01-11 Created: 2024-01-11 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved
Dello Russo, M., Formisano, A., Lauria, F., Ahrens, W., Bogl, L. H., Eiben, G., . . . I.Family Consortium, . (2023). Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health Status of European Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Results from the I.Family Study. Foods, 12(24), Article ID 4458.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health Status of European Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Results from the I.Family Study
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2023 (English)In: Foods, E-ISSN 2304-8158, Vol. 12, no 24, article id 4458Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Dietary diversity (DD) plays a crucial role in fostering high-quality diets, but its association with health outcomes, particularly body adiposity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is inconsistent. This may be due to a lack of a standardized method for estimating DD. Our study investigates the association between two DD indices, namely the dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety score (FVS), and anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and diet quality in a large population sample from the I.Family study across research centers in eight European countries. In our cross-sectional analysis of 3035 participants, DDSs varied among countries, with a higher prevalence in the third DDS tertile among those with higher education. DDS showed a positive association with diet quality across all age groups. Higher DDS tertile individuals showed increased fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake, greater meal frequency, and lower ultra-processed food consumption. No relevant biochemical differences were observed across DDS tertiles, and a higher DDS was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence only in adults. No significant associations were found with FVS. Our findings emphasize the need to consider food groups for a more accurate estimation of diet quality. This aligns with studies suggesting DDS alone is not an independent risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents. Public health programs should prioritize food diversity to promote improved nutrition and overall well-being in communities. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023
Keywords
diet diversity, diet quality, obesity
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Food Science Pediatrics
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23530 (URN)10.3390/foods12244458 (DOI)001131383700001 ()38137262 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85180655392 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0 DEED

© 2023 by the authors

Correspondence Address: F. Lauria; Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, 83100, Italy; email: flauria@isa.cnr.it

We are grateful for the participation of European children and their parents in this examination. We acknowledge the support received from school boards, headmasters, and communities. We gratefully acknowledge Rosaria Tremigliozzi for her support in statistical analysis. Finally, we acknowledge the support of the CNR project NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225 and the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3—Call fortender No. 341 of 15 March 2022 of the Italian Ministry of University and Research, funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU; award number: project code PE00000003, concession decree no. 1550 of 11 October 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, project title “ON Foods—Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security—Working ON Foods”. The pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family children cohort is registered under ISRCTN62310987.

Available from: 2024-01-11 Created: 2024-01-11 Last updated: 2024-01-31Bibliographically approved
Sina, E., Buck, C., Ahrens, W., Coumans, J. M. J., Eiben, G., Formisano, A., . . . I. Family consortium, . (2023). Digital media exposure and cognitive functioning in European children and adolescents of the I.Family study. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article ID 18855.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital media exposure and cognitive functioning in European children and adolescents of the I.Family study
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2023 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 18855Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The digital environment can pose health risks through exposure to unhealthy content. Yet, little is known about its relation to children’s cognitive functioning. This study investigates the association between digital media (DM) exposure and children’s cognitive functioning. This cross-sectional study is based on examinations of children aged 8–18 years (N = 8673) of the I.Family cohort (2013–2014). Exposure to television, computer, smartphone and internet was self-reported (hours/day). Media multitasking (MMT) was defined as simultaneous use of computers with other digital or non-screen-based activities. Standard instruments were used to assess cognitive inflexibility (score: 0–39), decision-making ability (− 100 to + 100) and impulsivity (12–48). Adjusted regression coefficients and 99.9%CIs were calculated by generalized linear mixed-effects models. In total, 3261 participants provided data for impulsivity, 3441 for cognitive inflexibility and 4046 for decision-making. Exposure to smartphones and media multitasking were positively associated with impulsivity (βsmartphone = 0.74; 99.9%CI = 0.42–1.07; βMMT = 0.73; 99.9%CI = 0.35–1.12) and cognitive inflexibility (βsmartphone = 0.32; 99.9%CI = -0.02–0.66; βMMT = 0.39; 99.9%CI = 0.01–0.77) while being inversely associated with decision-making ability. Extensive smartphone/internet exposure combined with low computer/medium TV exposure was associated with higher impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility scores, especially in girls. DM exposure is adversely associated with cognitive functioning in children and adolescents. Children require protection against the likely adverse impact of digital environment. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
National Category
Neurosciences Pediatrics Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23362 (URN)10.1038/s41598-023-45944-0 (DOI)001105087400068 ()37914849 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85175728648 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme, 266044
Note

CC BY 4.0 DEED

© 2023, The Author(s)

Correspondence Address: A. Hebestreit; Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; email: sec-epi@leibniz-bips.de

I. Family consortium: Elida Sina, Gabriele Eiben, Annarita Formisano, Lauren Lissner, Artur Mazur, Nathalie Michels, Dénes Molnar, Valeria Pala & Lucia Reisch

Author correction in: Scientific Reports, Volume 13, December 2023, Article number: 22595. doi:s41598-023-49411-8

The original version of this Article contained an error in the I. Family consortium, where authors Christoph Buck, Wolfgang Ahrens, Juul M. J. Coumans, Luis A. Moreno, Hermann Pohlabeln, Michael Tornaritis, Toomas Veidebaum and Antje Hebestreit were omitted as Consortium Members.

The research was done in the framework of the I.Family study (http://www.ifamilystudy.eu). We are thankful for the participation of European children and adolescents and their parents in our study as well as the support received from school boards, headmasters, and communities.

Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This research was funded by the European Community within the Seventh RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 266044. The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Available from: 2023-11-16 Created: 2023-11-16 Last updated: 2024-03-12Bibliographically approved
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), . (2023). Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development. Nature, 615(7954), 874-883
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
2023 (English)In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, Vol. 615, no 7954, p. 874-883Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being 1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m-2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
Keywords
Adolescent, Africa South of the Sahara, Africa, Northern, Body Mass Index, Child, Growth and Development, Humans, Male, Rural Population, Urban Population
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Pediatrics
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22407 (URN)10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8 (DOI)001023407200001 ()36991188 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85151221457 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Wellcome trust, 209376/Z/17/ZAstraZenecaEU, Horizon 2020, 774548
Note

CC BY 4.0

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

This study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (grant number MR/V034057/1), the Wellcome Trust (Pathways to Equitable Healthy Cities grant 209376/Z/17/Z), the AstraZeneca Young Health Programme and the European Commission (STOP project through EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement 774548). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to the Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. We thank W. Dietz, L. Jaacks and W. Johnson for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.

Available from: 2023-04-13 Created: 2023-04-13 Last updated: 2023-08-17Bibliographically approved
Wolters, M., Marron, M., Foraita, R., Charalampos, H., De Henauw, S., Eiben, G., . . . IDEFICS and I.Family consortia, . (2023). Longitudinal associations between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk markers among children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 108(12), e1731-e1742
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Longitudinal associations between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk markers among children and adolescents
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2023 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, E-ISSN 1945-7197, Vol. 108, no 12, p. e1731-e1742Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

Vitamin D status has previously been associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents. In particular, it has been suggested that children with obesity are more prone to vitamin D deficiency and unfavorable metabolic outcomes compared to healthy-weight children. However, to date, there have been few longitudinal studies assessing this association in children stratified by BMI category.

Methods

Children from the pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort with at least one measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) at cohort entry or follow-up (n=2,171) were included in this study. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D as an independent variable and z-scores of cardiometabolic risk markers [waist circumference (WC), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high (HDL) and low density lipoprotein, non-HDL, triglycerides (TRG), apolipoprotein A1 and B (ApoB), fasting glucose (FG), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), metabolic syndrome score] as dependent variables.

Results

After adjustment for age, sex, study region, smoking and alcohol status, sports club membership, screen time, BMI, parental education, and month of blood collection, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with SBP, DBP, FG, HOMA-IR and TRG. The HOMA-IR z-score decreased by 0.07 units per 5 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D. 25(OH)D was consistently associated with HOMA-IR irrespective of sex or BMI category.

Conclusion

Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with unfavorable levels of cardiometabolic markers in children and adolescents. Interventions to improve vitamin D levels in children with a poor status early in life may help to reduce cardiometabolic risk.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press, 2023
Keywords
children cohort, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cardiometabolic risk markers, metabolic syndrome, waist circumference, blood pressure, insulin resistance, blood lipids
National Category
Pediatrics Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Nutrition and Dietetics
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22640 (URN)10.1210/clinem/dgad310 (DOI)001013016500001 ()37261399 (PubMedID)
Note

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Published: 01 June 2023

IDEFICS and I.Family consortia

Available from: 2023-06-02 Created: 2023-06-02 Last updated: 2023-12-13Bibliographically approved
Wolters, M., Intemann, T., Russo, P., Moreno, L. A., Molnar, D., Veidebaum, T., . . . Floegel, A. (2022). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D reference percentiles and the role of their determinants among European children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(4), 564-573
Open this publication in new window or tab >>25-Hydroxyvitamin D reference percentiles and the role of their determinants among European children and adolescents
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2022 (English)In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 76, no 4, p. 564-573Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background/objectives

To provide age- and sex-specific percentile curves of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by determinants from 3-<15 year-old European children, and to analyse how modifiable determinants influence 25(OH)D.

Subjects/methods

Serum samples were collected from children of eight European countries participating in the multicenter IDEFICS/I.Family cohort studies. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were analysed in a central lab by a chemiluminescence assay and the values from 2171 children (N = 3606 measurements) were used to estimate percentile curves using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape. The association of 25(OH)D with time spent outdoors was investigated considering sex, age, country, parental education, BMI z score, UV radiation, and dietary vitamin D in regressions models.

Results

The age- and sex-specific 5th and 95th percentiles of 25(OH)D ranged from 16.5 to 73.3 and 20.8 to 79.3 nmol/l in girls and boys, respectively. A total of 63% had deficient (<50 nmol/l), 33% insufficient (50-<75 nmol/l) and 3% sufficient (≥75 nmol/l) levels. 25(OH)D increased with increasing UV radiation, time spent outdoors, and vitamin D intake and slightly decreased with increasing BMI z score and age. The odds ratio (OR) for a non-deficient 25(OH)D status (reference category: deficient status) by one additional hour spent outdoors was 1.21, 95% CI [1.12–1.31], i.e., children who spent one more hour per day outdoors than other children had a 21% higher chance of a non-deficient than a deficient status.

Conclusion

A majority of children suffer from deficient 25(OH)D. UV radiation, outdoor time, and dietary vitamin D are important determinants of 25(OH)D.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2022
National Category
Nutrition and Dietetics Pediatrics
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20264 (URN)10.1038/s41430-021-00985-4 (DOI)000676061600004 ()34302130 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85111676685 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU Sixth Framework Programme for Research, Contract No. 016181 (FOOD)EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme, Contract No. 266044German Research Foundation (DFG), 391977161
Note

CC BY 4.0

Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.W. email: wolters@leibniz-bips.de

Published online: 23 July 2021

Available from: 2021-08-05 Created: 2021-08-05 Last updated: 2022-04-19Bibliographically approved
Guo, A., Wide, U., Arvidsson, L., Eiben, G. & Hakeberg, M. (2022). Dietary intake and meal patterns among young adults with high caries activity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health, 22, Article ID 190.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dietary intake and meal patterns among young adults with high caries activity: a cross-sectional study
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2022 (English)In: BMC Oral Health, ISSN 1472-6831, E-ISSN 1472-6831, Vol. 22, article id 190Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is highly dependent on diet, where a lower consumption and intake frequency of sugar would be favorable. The aims were (i) to examine dietary intake and meal patterns, more specifically sugar intake and foods high in sugar, among young adults with high caries activity, and (ii) to investigate the association between dietary and meal patterns consumption, and level of caries activity.

Methods

This study presents baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial. A total of 50 young adults (aged 23.0 ± 3.0 years) with ≥ 2 decayed tooth surfaces were included. Dietary intake was captured with a 59-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a three-day food diary. Adherence to dietary guidelines was analyzed by comparing the dietary intake to the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations (NNR) 2012 and by using the Healthy Dietary Adherence score (HDAS). Participants were categorized into two groups: (i) the Caries group with 2–4 decayed surfaces, and (ii) the High caries group with ≥ 5 decayed surfaces.

Results

The High caries group reported a statistically significantly higher snack and total meal intake compared to the Caries group, as well as a sugar intake exceeding the Nordic nutritional recommendations. The majority of the participants reported a high intake frequency (> 2.5/day) of sweet foods and drinks and less than one intake of fruit and vegetables, respectively, per day. Similar results were found when analyzing adherence by using the HDAS, where the lowest adherence according to dietary guidelines was shown for the food groups of sugar, whole meal products, and fruit and vegetables.

Conclusion

The results indicated a high intake of sugar and low intake of fruit, vegetables, and fiber in high caries-active individuals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central, 2022
Keywords
Oral health, Dental caries, Sugar, Dietary intake, Meal patterns, Young adults
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-21161 (URN)10.1186/s12903-022-02227-w (DOI)000797976100005 ()35590301 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85130417196 (Scopus ID)
Funder
University of GothenburgRegion Västra Götaland
Note

CC BY 4.0

"BMC part of Springer Nature"

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Funding: The authors disclosed receipt of the following financialsupport for the research, authorship, and/or publication of thisarticle: This work was supported by the School of Health Science sand the Research Group Family Centered Health (FamCeH), University of Skövde, Sweden; Regionhälsan Midwifery Unit, Västra Götalandsregionen, Sweden; School of Informatics, University of Skövde, Sweden; Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden; Chalmers Innovationskontoret, Sweden.

Available from: 2022-05-20 Created: 2022-05-20 Last updated: 2022-09-02Bibliographically approved
González-Gil, E. M., Santaliestra-Pasías, A. M., Buck, C., Gracia-Marco, L., Lauria, F., Pala, V., . . . Moreno, L. A. (2022). Improving cardiorespiratory fitness protects against inflammation in children: the IDEFICS study. Pediatric Research, 91(3), 681-689
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving cardiorespiratory fitness protects against inflammation in children: the IDEFICS study
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2022 (English)In: Pediatric Research, ISSN 0031-3998, E-ISSN 1530-0447, Vol. 91, no 3, p. 681-689Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness (MF and CRF) have been related to inflammation. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between fitness and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children both in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven children (46.2% males) aged 2–9 years with hs-CRP measured, data from MF and CRF, diet quality, objectively measured physical activity (PA) and screen time at baseline and follow-up after 2 years were included. Body mass index z-score (zBMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat mass index (FMI) were assessed. MF and CRF were also dichotomized as follows: low-medium quartiles (Q1–Q3) and highest quartile (Q4). Results: At follow-up, children with the highest CRF (Q4) showed a lower probability of having high hs-CRP. In the longitudinal analysis, children who improved their CRF over time showed a significantly lower probability (p < 0.05) of being in the highest hs-CRP category at follow-up, independently of the body composition index considered: odds ratio (OR) = 0.22 for zBMI, OR = 0.17 for WC, and OR = 0.21 for FMI. Conclusions: Improving CRF during childhood reduces the odds of an inflammatory profile, independently of body composition and lifestyle behaviours. These highlight the importance of enhancing fitness, especially CRF, to avoid an inflammatory state in children. Impact: Improvements in the cardiorespiratory profile during childhood could reverse an unfavourable inflammatory status.There is a longitudinal and inverse association between CRF and inflammation in children.This is the first longitudinal study assessing the relationship between fitness and inflammation during childhood that takes also into account the lifestyle behaviours.Results from the present study suggest a protective role of fitness already in childhood.Efforts to improve fitness in children should be aimed at as inflammation could trigger future cardiovascular disease. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2022
National Category
Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Pediatrics
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19650 (URN)10.1038/s41390-021-01471-0 (DOI)000638576100004 ()33837254 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85104151023 (Scopus ID)
Note

© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.

Published online: 9 April 2021

Available from: 2021-04-22 Created: 2021-04-22 Last updated: 2022-03-21Bibliographically approved
Breau, B., Brandes, M., Veidebaum, T., Tornaritis, M., Moreno, L. A., Molnár, D., . . . Buck, C. (2022). Longitudinal association of childhood physical activity and physical fitness with physical activity in adolescence: insights from the IDEFICS/I.Family study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 19(1), Article ID 147.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Longitudinal association of childhood physical activity and physical fitness with physical activity in adolescence: insights from the IDEFICS/I.Family study
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2022 (English)In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, E-ISSN 1479-5868, Vol. 19, no 1, article id 147Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: This study aimed to examine associations of early childhood physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with PA during later childhood/early adolescence while accounting for gender differences. Methods: We selected data of N = 4329 children from the IDEFICS/I. Family cohort (age 2.4–11.7 years) with data on baseline fitness and accelerometer measurements. At baseline, physical fitness tests were conducted including Flamingo balance, Backsaver sit and reach, Handgrip strength, Standing Long Jump, 40-m sprint and 20-m Shuttle run (to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness levels). PA was measured with Actigraph accelerometers over 3 days at baseline (ActiTrainer or GT1M) and 7 days at follow-up (GT3X). Evenson cutpoints were used to determine moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) time, and children with ≥60mins/day of average MVPA were deemed as having met WHO guidelines at baseline and follow-up. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to examine longitudinal associations between meeting WHO guidelines, MVPA, and physical fitness tests at baseline with meeting WHO guidelines and MVPA at follow-up. Models were conducted on the entire sample, the sex-stratified sample, and stratified by sex and pubertal status at follow-up. Results: Results showed that meeting WHO guidelines for MVPA at baseline was positively associated with MVPA (Standardized Beta (B) = 0.13, 95%CI:(5.6;11.1)) and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up for the entire sample (OR = 2.1, 95%CI:(1.5; 3.14), and stratified by males (OR = 2.5, 95%CI:(1.5; 4.1)) and females (OR = 1.8, 95%CI:(1.0; 3.2)). This was also found for both male pre/early pubertal and pubertal groups but only in the female pre/early pubertal group, and not the female pubertal group (MVPA: B =.00, 95%CI:(− 6.1; 5.6), WHO: OR = 0.61, 95%CI:(0.23;1.6)). Models indicated that Standing Long jump, 40-m sprint, Shuttle run and Flamingo balance at baseline were associated with MVPA and meeting the guidelines at follow-up. Conclusions: Meeting WHO guidelines and certain fitness tests at baseline were strongly associated with MVPA and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up, but this association varied with sex and pubertal status. Consequently, these findings underline the importance of ensuring sufficient physical activity in terms of quality and quantity for children at the earliest stages of life. Trial registration: ISRCTN62310987. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2022
Keywords
Accelerometry, PA guidelines, Physical activity, Physical fitness
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Pediatrics Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22158 (URN)10.1186/s12966-022-01383-0 (DOI)000896591500004 ()36494689 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85143794625 (Scopus ID)
Funder
European Commission, 016181European Commission, 266044
Note

CC BY 4.0

CC0 1.0

© 2022, The Author(s).

on behalf of the IDEFICS/I.Family consortia

Correspondence: buck@leibniz-bips.de

Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This study as part of the IDEFICS and I. Family studies was financially supported by the European Commission within the Sixth RTD Framework Programme Contract No.016181 (FOOD) and the Seventh RTD Framework Programme Contract No.266044, respectively. The funding body was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation as well as manuscript writing. Work of the first author was funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the EC.

Available from: 2022-12-22 Created: 2022-12-22 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), . (2021). Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight. eLIFE, 10, Article ID e60060.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
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2021 (English)In: eLIFE, E-ISSN 2050-084X, Vol. 10, article id e60060Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2021
Keywords
systematic analysis, Australian adults, pooled analysis, Chinese adults, double burden, US adults, trends, health, malnutrition, prevalence
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
Research on Citizen Centered Health, University of Skövde (Reacch US)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19600 (URN)10.7554/eLife.60060 (DOI)000627596100001 ()33685583 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85103837539 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Wellcome trust
Note

CC BY 4.0

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

For correspondence:

majid.ezzati@imperial.ac.uk

s.filippi@imperial.ac.uk

Funder | Author:

Wellcome Trust | Majid Ezzati

Medical Research Council | Maria LC Iurilli

Available from: 2021-04-08 Created: 2021-04-08 Last updated: 2023-08-17Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-4397-3721

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