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Ljungkvist, TorbjörnORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8337-3472
Publications (10 of 46) Show all publications
Ljungkvist, T. & Boers, B. (2023). A theory of venture capital family business: a governance trajectory. Journal of Family Business Management, 13(2), 503-522
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A theory of venture capital family business: a governance trajectory
2023 (English)In: Journal of Family Business Management, ISSN 2043-6238, E-ISSN 2043-6246, Vol. 13, no 2, p. 503-522Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand venture capital family businesses (VCFBs) governance of portfolio companies through the deal process.

Design/methodology/approach – This study applies a theory-developing approach. A model of VCFB governance is developed whose key aspects are illuminated by four examples (cases) of VCFBs.

Findings – Recent research suggests that a venture capital firm’s corporate deal processes can be divided intothe pre-deal, deal and post-deal phases. Based on the age, size and succession dimensions, propositions for how a governance trajectory develops for VCFBs, affecting the deal process of target family firms (TFFs), are presented. These propositions highlight how the family owners’ actions and behavior are related to VCFB governance, which in turn, influences the three phases involved in making an investment.

Originality/value – The propositions suggest how personal and administrative VCFBs’ governance of the deal process of portfolio companies is significantly affected by centrifugal and centripetal forces that drive the respective types of governance where third-generation family owners appear as changers of governance approach.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2023
Keywords
venture capital, family business, family generation, governance, deal process, portfolio company
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20794 (URN)10.1108/JFBM-08-2021-0096 (DOI)000730708600001 ()2-s2.0-85121312549 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

Article publication date: 14 December 2021

Torbjörn Ljungkvist is the corresponding author and can be contacted at: torbjorn.ljungkvist@his.se

Available from: 2021-12-17 Created: 2021-12-17 Last updated: 2023-06-02Bibliographically approved
Boers, B., Ljungkvist, T. & Brunninge, O. (2023). Ceasing to communicate public family firm identity: the decoupling of internally experienced and externally communicated identities. Journal of Family Business Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ceasing to communicate public family firm identity: the decoupling of internally experienced and externally communicated identities
2023 (English)In: Journal of Family Business Management, ISSN 2043-6238, E-ISSN 2043-6246Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how the family firm identity is affected when it is no longer publicly communicated. Design/methodology/approach: A case study approach was used to follow a third-generation family business, a large Swedish home electronics firm that acquired a competitor and, initially, continued using its family firm identity after the acquisition. This study longitudinally tracks the company and its owning family using archival data combined with interviews. Findings: The case company decided to stop communicating their identity as a family business. Such a move initially appears counterintuitive, since it potentially threatens the family firm identity and leads the firm to forgo other advantages, e.g. in branding. However, the decision was based on arguments that were rational from a business perspective, leading to a decoupling of family and firm identity. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by showing a decoupling of internally experienced and externally communicated identities. It further contributes to the understanding of the family firm identity concept.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Publishing, 2023
Keywords
Case study, Decoupling, Family business, Family firm identity, Rebranding, Sweden
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22656 (URN)10.1108/JFBM-01-2023-0003 (DOI)000994457100001 ()2-s2.0-85160336097 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

© 2023, Börje Boers, Torbjörn Ljungkvist and Olof Brunninge.

Article publication date: 26 May 2023

Corresponding author Börje Boers can be contacted at: borje.boers@his.se

Available from: 2023-06-08 Created: 2023-06-08 Last updated: 2023-07-14Bibliographically approved
Ljungkvist, T., Evansluong, Q. & Boers, B. (2023). Family influences on entrepreneurial orientation in immigrant entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 29(11), 241-267
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Family influences on entrepreneurial orientation in immigrant entrepreneurship
2023 (English)In: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, ISSN 1355-2554, E-ISSN 1758-6534, Vol. 29, no 11, p. 241-267Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: This study explores how the family influences the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) process in immigrant businesses. Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws on inductive multiple-case studies using 34 in-depth interviews. This paper relies on three cases of immigrant entrepreneurs originating from Mexico and Colombia that established firms in Sweden. Findings: The results suggest that EO development trajectories vary in the presence of family roles (i.e. inspirers, backers and partners), resulting in the immigrant family business configurations of family-role-influenced proactiveness, risk-taking and innovation. Originality/value: The immigrant family configurations drive three EO-enabling scenarios: (1) home-country framing, (2) family backing and (3) transnational translating. Immigrant family dynamics facilitate the development of EO over time through reciprocal interaction processes across contexts. This study indicates that, through family dynamics, EO develops as mutually interactive processes between the immigrant entrepreneur's family in the home and host countries. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Publishing, 2023
Keywords
Entrepreneurial orientation, Immigrants, Start-ups
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23057 (URN)10.1108/IJEBR-07-2022-0602 (DOI)001031256600001 ()2-s2.0-85165190115 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License

© 2023, Torbjörn Ljungkvist, Quang Evansluong and Börje Boers.

Available from: 2023-07-31 Created: 2023-07-31 Last updated: 2023-12-19Bibliographically approved
Ljungkvist, T., Boers, B. & Andersén, J. (2022). Family firm versus non-family firm: the role of resource orchestration in fast-growing high-tech SMEs. Journal of Family Business Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Family firm versus non-family firm: the role of resource orchestration in fast-growing high-tech SMEs
2022 (English)In: Journal of Family Business Management, ISSN 2043-6238, E-ISSN 2043-6246Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: This paper strives to understand the role of resource orchestration (RO) in the rapid growth of high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach: Based on a comparative case study, RO is compared between a high-tech family firm and a high-tech non-family firm. To capture the complexity of RO, this study applies a longitudinal approach using a large volume of archival and interview data gathered over ten years. Findings: The configuration of family-firm paradoxical growth-oriented RO emphasizes RO based on collectivism and responsibility, although relying on large-scale conforming normative control. In contrast, the configuration of non-family-firm growth-oriented RO emphasizes administrative-based delegation and management-supported value creation. Originality/value: By suggesting ownership-based RO configurations, this study provides insights into how ownership types, i.e. family firms and non-family firms, affect RO in firms operating in complex and dynamic environments. These configurations explain how and why RO is arranged in a growth context. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2022
Keywords
Configurations, Family firms, Growth, Ownership, Resource orchestration, SMEs
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20855 (URN)10.1108/JFBM-11-2021-0137 (DOI)000739926000001 ()2-s2.0-85122278608 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

Torbjörn Ljungkvist is the corresponding author and can be contacted at: torbjorn.ljungkvist@his.se

Article publication date: 7 January 2022

Available from: 2022-01-13 Created: 2022-01-13 Last updated: 2022-05-05Bibliographically approved
Ljungkvist, T. & Österlund, U. (2022). Managerial dynamic capabilities within the real estate industry: Strategies to encounter economic decline. In: : . Paper presented at International Academy of Business and Economics®, IABE-2022 New York Conference, October 21-23, 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Managerial dynamic capabilities within the real estate industry: Strategies to encounter economic decline
2022 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this paper is to understand how the managerial cognitive capabilities within the real estate industry are manifested and used to develop strategies to encounter economic decline. Based on the framework of dynamic capabilities (DC) and the related concept of managerial cognitive capabilities, the present study offers deeper insights in the strategic management of the real estate industry. Since the case study method allows a deeper understanding of investigated phenomena, new empirical conditions can be revealed and theory developed. Based on ten case studies, we identify the managerial micro-foundations at the individual level. Thereby, we explain how managers’ managerial cognitive capabilities affect and create the real estate company’s strategy. The results will be compiled in tables and analyzed by first-order categories, second-order themes, and aggregated theoretical dimensions, which enables us to present a strategy-based configuration of the real estate managerial cognitive capabilities.

Keywords
Dynamic capabilities, managerial cognitive capabilities, firm strategy, real estate industry
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-22209 (URN)
Conference
International Academy of Business and Economics®, IABE-2022 New York Conference, October 21-23, 2022
Available from: 2023-01-27 Created: 2023-01-27 Last updated: 2023-01-27Bibliographically approved
Ljungkvist, T. & Andersén, J. (2021). A taxonomy of ecopreneurship in small manufacturing firms: A multidimensional cluster analysis. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(2), 1374-1388
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A taxonomy of ecopreneurship in small manufacturing firms: A multidimensional cluster analysis
2021 (English)In: Business Strategy and the Environment, ISSN 0964-4733, E-ISSN 1099-0836, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 1374-1388Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study presents a multidimensional taxonomy of “ecopreneurship” for small manufacturing firms. Based on a cluster analysis of 312 Swedish firms, four distinct clusters are identified: pioneers, green dumpers, overlookers, and recyclers. These clusters are compared regarding their level of entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Based on the results, and because of the resource constraints associated with small firms, managers of such companies are advised to examine the economic consequences of specific environmental business practices and to adopt a less aggregated approach to ecopreneurship. This study illustrates the usefulness of a multidimensional scale when researching environmental behaviors and is a response to the lack of an empirically based classification of ecopreneurship configurations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2021
Keywords
cluster analysis, ecopreneurship, performance, small manufacturing firms, taxonomy
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19275 (URN)10.1002/bse.2691 (DOI)000591217500001 ()2-s2.0-85096708932 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

First published: 22 November 2020

Available from: 2020-11-24 Created: 2020-11-24 Last updated: 2021-03-26Bibliographically approved
Boers, B. & Ljungkvist, T. (2021). Distinguishing VCFB, Family Offices and other devices for wealth transition and sustainability of owning families. In: María Concepción Lopéz-Fernandéz; Unai Azurbiaga; José C. Casillas (Ed.), IFERA 2021: Family business: A model for the new world?. Paper presented at IFERA 2021: Family business: A model for the new world?, June 14-25, 2021, virtual edition (pp. 85-85).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Distinguishing VCFB, Family Offices and other devices for wealth transition and sustainability of owning families
2021 (English)In: IFERA 2021: Family business: A model for the new world? / [ed] María Concepción Lopéz-Fernandéz; Unai Azurbiaga; José C. Casillas, 2021, p. 85-85Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper compares and distinguishes different devices, which family owners use to manage and develop their wealth over time. The paper addresses similarities and differences and states research questions for future development.

National Category
Social Sciences Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20636 (URN)979-12-200-8948-7 (ISBN)
Conference
IFERA 2021: Family business: A model for the new world?, June 14-25, 2021, virtual edition
Available from: 2021-10-08 Created: 2021-10-08 Last updated: 2021-10-12Bibliographically approved
Andersén, J. & Ljungkvist, T. (2021). Resource orchestration for team-based innovation: A case study of the interplay between teams, customers, and top management. R&D Management, 51(1), 147-160
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Resource orchestration for team-based innovation: A case study of the interplay between teams, customers, and top management
2021 (English)In: R&D Management, ISSN 0033-6807, E-ISSN 1467-9310, Vol. 51, no 1, p. 147-160Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The resource orchestration concept has attracted considerable interest in contemporary innovation research. However, resource orchestration is a manager-centric framework and not all of its components necessarily reflect the value-creation processes of organizations focusing on team-based innovation. Drawing on a single-case study of an innovative Swedish software company, we illustrate the roles of autonomous teams, customers, and top managers in orchestrating resources for team-based innovation. Moreover, we introducethe concept of resource flocculation to describe how key actors co-orchestrate various resource orchestration processes. The study contributes to research on resource orchestration by adapting the model to the conditions characterizing team-based innovation, and to research on team-based innovation by addressing how innovative teams are related to overall resource orchestration processes and, ultimately, organizational innovation outcomes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2021
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19240 (URN)10.1111/radm.12442 (DOI)000588636700001 ()2-s2.0-85096696349 (Scopus ID)
Projects
Nöjda medarbetare och högpresterande företag - En studie av framgångsrika exempel
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2015-00790
Note

CC BY 4.0

Available from: 2020-11-13 Created: 2020-11-13 Last updated: 2021-01-28Bibliographically approved
Boers, B., Ljungkvist, T. & Evansluong, Q. (2021). The family influences of EO development in immigrant family businesses. In: : . Paper presented at EURAM 2021, Reshaping capitalism for a sustainable world, 16-18 June 2021. European Academy of Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The family influences of EO development in immigrant family businesses
2021 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper explores how family influences the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) process in immigrant family business. To fulfill the purpose, we employ inductive multiple case studies using fifty-six in-depth interviews. We rely on seven cases of immigrant entrepreneurs of Chinese, Icelandic, Turkish, Cameroonian, Mexican and Libanese who established firms in Sweden. Our results suggest that EO development trajectories vary in regard to first and second generation immigrant entrepreneurs, low and high-tech sectors and host and home contries. Thus, family dynamics facilitates the development of entrepreneurial orientation over time through transfering across generations and contexts. Our study indicates that, through family dynamics, EO is developed as a transferring process of the founders' proactiveness, risk-taking and innovativeness between the family in the home and host country.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
European Academy of Management, 2021
Keywords
Immigrant entrepreneurship, EO, family influence, immigrant family business
National Category
Economics and Business Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20479 (URN)
Conference
EURAM 2021, Reshaping capitalism for a sustainable world, 16-18 June 2021
Note

Part of: Entrepreneurship, Regions & Regional Development

European Academy of Management

Available from: 2021-08-18 Created: 2021-08-18 Last updated: 2021-08-19Bibliographically approved
Andersén, J., Jansson, C. & Ljungkvist, T. (2020). Can environmentally oriented CEOs and environmentally friendly suppliers boost the growth of small firms?. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(2), 325-334
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Can environmentally oriented CEOs and environmentally friendly suppliers boost the growth of small firms?
2020 (English)In: Business Strategy and the Environment, ISSN 0964-4733, E-ISSN 1099-0836, Vol. 29, no 2, p. 325-334Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The core question addressed in the natural resource‐based view (NRBV) of the firm is how to develop and exploit resources beneficial for both the natural environment and firm performance. Due to the resource constraints and increased competition facing small manufacturing firms, achieving this is a challenge for such companies. Building on the NRBV and resource orchestration literatures, we examine the relationship between green purchasing capabilities (GPCs), CEO's environmental orientation(EO), and firm growth. Results from 304 Swedish small manufacturing firms indicate a significant relationship between GPC and growth, and this relationship is positively moderated by the EO of the CEO.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2020
Keywords
green purchasing, natural resource‐based view, resource orchestration, small firm growth, sustainable entrepreneurship
National Category
Business Administration
Research subject
Strategic Entrepreneurship
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17389 (URN)10.1002/bse.2366 (DOI)000513702200001 ()2-s2.0-8506968489 (Scopus ID)
Projects
Hållbar lönsamhet och lönsam hållbarhet
Funder
The Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation, P16-0183The Kamprad Family Foundation, 20180048
Available from: 2019-07-17 Created: 2019-07-17 Last updated: 2020-03-05Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8337-3472

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