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Söderberg, A., Thelandersson, A., Fagevik Olsén, M. & Karlsson, V. (2025). “I will get out of this” - The patients’ experiences of early mobilisation in intensive care: A hermeneutic study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 86, Article ID 103884.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>“I will get out of this” - The patients’ experiences of early mobilisation in intensive care: A hermeneutic study
2025 (English)In: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, ISSN 0964-3397, E-ISSN 1532-4036, Vol. 86, article id 103884Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The significance of early mobilisation in intensive care has become increasingly apparent along with a growing understanding of patient experiences within this critical setting. However, there is still a need for more knowledge regarding the complex experiences of the patients. Therefore, this study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the significance and deeper meaning of early mobilisation in patients recently treated in intensive care.

Methods: A qualitative study with a hermeneutic, interpretive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants recently treated in the intensive care units, in two different hospitals.

Findings: The analysis yielded three themes: ‘Struggling to regain independence and normal life’, ‘Interaction with healthcare professionals’ and ’Early mobilisation in a chaotic, confused context without control’. The first theme captures the participants’ experiences, motivations, and the deeper significance of early mobilisation, which was hope, the beginning of recovery and a willingness to fight. The other themes describe the context and circumstances surrounding the participants’ mobilisation including the collaboration with healthcare professionals.

Conclusion: Early mobilisation’s significance and deeper meaning in intensive care were understood as the starting point of recovery. It had the ability to evoke hope and strengthen the fighting spirit, especially when it included leaving bed. The patients’ pre-existing understanding that resilience and persistence were crucial for regaining strength and mobility contributed, as well as positive interactions with healthcare professionals that restored human dignity and facilitated involvement and participation contributed.

Implications for practice: Early mobilisation should be used to inspire hope and a willingness to fight for recovery in patients treated in intensive care. Efforts should be made to engage patients in positive interactions with healthcare professionals that encourage this fighting spirit and active participation in early mobilisation. Mobilisations involving patients getting up and leaving bed should be used as much as possible.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Wellbeing in long-term health problems (WeLHP)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24653 (URN)10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103884 (DOI)001351349600001 ()39500107 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85208069735 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

Corresponding author: Annika Söderberg

The study was funded by the Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Skövde, Sweden, Research Fund at Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden, and Skaraborg Research and Development Council, Skövde, Sweden. There was no involvement of the funding sources in the study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretations of results, or in writing this article and the decision to submit it for publication.

Available from: 2024-11-05 Created: 2024-11-05 Last updated: 2025-01-14Bibliographically approved
Söderberg, A., Karlsson, V., Fagevik Olsén, M., Thelandersson, A. & Johansson, A. (2024). Patient as active partner – clue to successful early mobilization in intensive care. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 40(10), 2298-2308
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Patient as active partner – clue to successful early mobilization in intensive care
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2024 (English)In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, Vol. 40, no 10, p. 2298-2308Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: The evidence for the benefits of early mobilization in intensive care is growing. Early mobilization differs from most other interventions in intensive care since the patient’s participation is requested. What kind of challenges this entails for the intensive care clinicians, and what is crucial in successful early mobilization from their perspective, is sparsely explored and was therefore the purpose of this study.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were held with 17 intensive care clinicians, seven nurses, five assistant nurses and five physiotherapists. The interviews were analyzed with a phenomenographic methodology.

Findings: Four descriptive categories emerged: 1) Taking responsibility; 2) Taking the patient’s perspective; 3) Time or not time to mobilize; and 4) The “know-how” of early mobilization. Early mobilization was perceived as an important and crucial part of intensive care. It includes positioning and sensory stimulation, which could be used to re-orientate the patient and prevent delirium. The patients’ experiences were considered individual with a mix of strong emotions. Despite the stated significance of early mobilization, different conceptions were expressed about the right time, some of them based on concerns for the patient, and some due to safety concerns. In the optimal active mobilization to upright positions there was an emphasis on careful preparation and patient involvement, including negotiation and active participation.

Conclusions: The importance of early mobilization is indisputable. Successful early mobilization is achieved by applying a person-centered approach, involving the patient as an active partner. Early mobilization comprises positioning and sensory stimulation and should be included in the daily planning of patient care. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2024
Keywords
Barriers, clinician, early mobilization, intensive care, person-centredness
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Wellbeing in long-term health problems (WeLHP)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-23086 (URN)10.1080/09593985.2023.2239891 (DOI)001036439900001 ()37489585 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85165670360 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY NC-ND 4.0

© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Published online: 25 Jul 2023

Taylor & Francis Group an informa business

CONTACT Annika Söderberg annika.soderberg@gu.se Department of Health and Rehabilitation/Physiotherapy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, SE 405 30, Sweden

The work was supported by the Skaraborg Research and Development Council, Skövde, Sweden [VGFOUSKB- 932496]; Research Fund at Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden [VGSKAS-981105]; Skaraborg Institute [15/1028].

Available from: 2023-08-10 Created: 2023-08-10 Last updated: 2024-11-05Bibliographically approved
Holm, A., Karlsson, V. & Dreyer, P. (2021). Nurses’ experiences of serving as a communication guide and supporting the implementation of a communication intervention in the intensive care unit. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 16(1), Article ID 1971598.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nurses’ experiences of serving as a communication guide and supporting the implementation of a communication intervention in the intensive care unit
2021 (English)In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 16, no 1, article id 1971598Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: To explore the experience of serving as a nurse communication guide, supporting the bottom-up implementation of a multi-component communication intervention prototype in the intensive care unit.

Methods: The overall frame was Complex Interventions, and the study was conducted within the phenomenological-hermeneutic tradition. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with eight nurse communication guides. Data were analysed using a Ricoeur-inspired interpretation method.

Results: Two main themes emerged: 1) “The communication intervention components provided overview, a conceptual framework, awareness and room for reflection” and 2) “Being a communication guide illuminated the barriers and challenges of implementation”. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding was established that illuminated experiences throughout the analysis: “An ICU communication intervention has to be adaptable to the specific situation and the double need for individualization but also provide overall guidance”.

Conclusion: Findings showed that as communication is inherent to all human beings, it can be difficult to change the communication behaviour of nurses. Therefore, a communication intervention in the intensive care unit must be sensitive to the nurse communication guides’ individual communication style. Furthermore, a communication intervention should provide nurse communication guides with overall guidance while at the same time remaining adaptable to the needs of each specific situation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2021
Keywords
augmentative and alternative communication, critical care, health communication, implementation science, intensive care unit, nurse-patient relations, evidence-based nursing, qualitative research
National Category
Nursing Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24382 (URN)10.1080/17482631.2021.1971598 (DOI)000693205700001 ()34482806 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85114332736 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

Taylor & Francis Group an informa business

Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital funded the project.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Ringdal, M., Bergbom, I., Nilsson, J. & Karlsson, V. (2021). Older patients’ recovery following intensive care: A follow-up study with the RAIN questionnaire. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 65, Article ID 103038.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Older patients’ recovery following intensive care: A follow-up study with the RAIN questionnaire
2021 (English)In: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, ISSN 0964-3397, E-ISSN 1532-4036, Vol. 65, article id 103038Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim: The aim was to investigate older patient recovery (65 years+) up to two years following discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU) using the Recovery After Intensive Care (RAIN) instrument and to correlate RAIN with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD).

Methods: An explorative and descriptive longitudinal design was used. Eighty-two patients answered RAIN and HAD at least twice following discharge. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient records.

Results: Recovery after the ICU was relatively stable and good for older patients at the four data collection points. There was little variation on the RAIN subscales over time. The greatest recovery improvement was found in existential ruminations from 2 to 24 months. A patient that could look forward and those with supportive relatives had the highest scores at all four measurements. Having lower financial situation was correlated to poorer recovery and was significant at 24 months. The RAIN and HAD instruments showed significant correlations, except for the revaluation of life subscale, which is not an aspect in HAD.

Conclusion: The RAIN instrument shows to be a good measurement for all dimensions of recovery, including existential dimensions, which are not covered by any other instrument.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021
Keywords
Follow-up, Intensive care, Nursing, RAIN questionnaire, Recovery, Validation
National Category
Nursing Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24383 (URN)10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103038 (DOI)000661431800017 ()33775549 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85103235462 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

The study was funded by Agneta Prytz-Folke’s and Gösta Folke’s Foundations.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Holm, A., Karlsson, V., Nikolajsen, L. & Dreyer, P. (2021). Strengthening and supporting nurses’ communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: Development of a communication intervention. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 3, Article ID 100025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Strengthening and supporting nurses’ communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: Development of a communication intervention
2021 (English)In: International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, E-ISSN 2666-142X, Vol. 3, article id 100025Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Nurse-patient communication in intensive care units is challenged by the fact that patients are voiceless due to intubation and mechanical ventilation. Difficult communication affects nurses negatively, and it requires knowledge and expertise to facilitate communication in this complex and technologically tense setting. Augmentative and alternative communication has been suggested as a way of optimising communication; several approaches can be combined in a multi-component intervention. Also, a communication algorithm has been proposed as a way of providing structure in patient communication. To enhance transparency and avoid poorly reported interventions, this paper describes the process, rationale and reflections behind developing a communication intervention called the ICU-COM.

Objectives: To present the development process of a communication intervention prototype that aims to support and strengthen nurses’ communication with mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit.

Design: The Medical Research Council's framework for developing complex interventions in health was applied. The approach was target-population centred.

Settings: The intervention was developed and tailored to four intensive care unit departments at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark.

Participants: Intensive care nurses and various experts, namely, speech-language pathologists, graphic designers, a software company, the local Centre for E-learning and nurse specialists were involved in its development.

Results: An intervention consisting of: 1) a multi-component communication bundle, 2) delivery of the bundle via a teaching session and 3) initial implementation via nurse communication guides was developed. The communication bundle contained: 1) a communication strategy with a BASIS framework and algorithm, 2) a nurse education programme and 3) low-tech and high-tech communication tools.

Conclusions: A systematic approach was applied in the development process. However, the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention is at present unknown.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021
Keywords
Augmentative and alternative communication, Complex interventions, Critical care, Intensive care unit, Intervention development, Mechanical ventilation, Nurse-patient communication
National Category
Nursing Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24387 (URN)10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100025 (DOI)001026269700022 ()2-s2.0-85113797191 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital funded the project.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Söderberg, A., Karlsson, V., Ahlberg, B. M., Johansson, A. & Thelandersson, A. (2020). From fear to fight: Patients experiences of early mobilization in intensive care. A qualitative interview study. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 38(6), 750-758
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From fear to fight: Patients experiences of early mobilization in intensive care. A qualitative interview study
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2020 (English)In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, Vol. 38, no 6, p. 750-758Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Early mobilization (EM) in intensive care is frequently used to prevent physical and psychological complications, with promising results. However, the patient´s perception of EM has been sparsely investigated. Pe: To investigate the experience of EM in patients treated in intensive care. Md: Nineteen former patients who had been treated in intensive care were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative, inductive content analysis. Rs: The analysis resulted in three categories; 1) Facing the impossible – a too demanding situation; 2) Struggling successfully on the way back; and 3) Need of having dedicated supporters. Con: A considerable variety of experiences of EM were described in this study, both negative and positive. Prominent features were that pleasant emotions and great physical effort occurred simultaneously and that interaction and cooperation with the caregivers was paramount. To regain independence was another prominent feature, with EM considered to be of great importance in the recovery process. Moving to an upright position and ambulating appears to be beneficial to both body and mind. EM should therefore be among the first priorities in intensive care. EM should be practiced with respect and support, while encouraging and challenging the patient to strive for independence.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis Group, 2020
Keywords
early mobilization, experiences, intensive care, physiotherapy, qualitative research
National Category
Nursing Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24379 (URN)10.1080/09593985.2020.1799460 (DOI)000559141900001 ()32787479 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85089454816 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Taylor & Francis Group an informa business

First, the author would like to thank the participants forgenerously giving their time and for sharing their experiences. This study was funded by the Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Skövde, Sweden, Skaraborg Research and Development Council and the Research and Development Centre, Skaraborg Hospital.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Holm, A., Viftrup, A., Karlsson, V., Nikolajsen, L. & Dreyer, P. (2020). Nurses' communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: Umbrella review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(11), 2909-2920
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nurses' communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: Umbrella review
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2020 (English)In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 76, no 11, p. 2909-2920Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim: To conduct a review summarizing evidence concerning communication with mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Background: ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation are unable to communicate verbally, causing many negative emotions. Due to changes in sedation practice, a growing number of patients are conscious and experience communication difficulties.

Design: The umbrella review method guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute was applied.

Data Sources: A systematic search was done in the Cochrane Library, the Joanna Briggs Institute database, Cinahl, Pubmed, PsycINFO and Scopus between January-April 2019. Search terms were ‘nurse-patient communication’, ‘mechanical ventilation’, ‘intensive care’, and ‘reviews as publication type’. Literature from 2009–2019 was included.

Review Methods: Following recommendations by the Joanna Briggs Institute, a quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis were done.

Results: Seven research syntheses were included. There were two main themes and six subthemes: (1) Characterization of the nurse–patient communication: (a) Patients' communication; (b) Nurses' communication; (2) Nursing interventions that facilitate communication: (a) Communication assessment and documentation; (b) Communication methods and approaches; (c) Education and training of nurses; and (d) Augmentative and alternative communication.

Conclusion: Nurse–patient communication was characterized by an unequal power relationship with a common experience – frustration. Four key interventions were identified and an integration of these may be key to designing and implementing future ICU communication packages.

Impact: Nurse–patient communication is characterized by an unequal power relationship with one joint experience – frustration. Four key interventions should be integrated when designing and implementing communication packages in the ICU. Findings are transferable to ICU practices where patients are conscious and experience communication difficulties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2020
Keywords
augmentative and alternative communication, communication, critical care, intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, nurse–patient relations, nursing, nursing interventions, umbrella review
National Category
Nursing Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24381 (URN)10.1111/jan.14524 (DOI)000566273500001 ()32893350 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85090183874 (Scopus ID)
Note

Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital has given funding to the project.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Rudolfsson, G. & Karlsson, V. (2019). Interacting with parents in Sweden who hesitate or refrain from vaccinating their child. Journal of Child Health Care, 24(3), 432-443
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Interacting with parents in Sweden who hesitate or refrain from vaccinating their child
2019 (English)In: Journal of Child Health Care, ISSN 1367-4935, E-ISSN 1741-2889, Vol. 24, no 3, p. 432-443Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences of encountering parents who are hesitant about or refrain from vaccinating their child. A qualitative approach was chosen and data collected through individual, semi-structured interviews with 12 nurses. The text was analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from the interviews: giving room and time for acknowledging parents’ insecurity concerning vaccination, striving to approach the parents’ position with tact, and a struggle between feelings of failure and respect for the parents’ view. The findings indicate that it was crucial to give time, be tactful when meeting parents, as well as to appear credible and up-to-date. The nurses wanted to be open and respect the parents’ views on vaccination but found it difficult and frustrating to be unable to reach out with their message because their quest was to protect the child.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2019
Keywords
child health nurse, hesitation, parents, thematic analysis, vaccination
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24380 (URN)10.1177/1367493519867170 (DOI)000479355000001 ()31359790 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85070372013 (Scopus ID)
Note

Copyright © 2024 by Association of British Pediatric Nurses, SAGE Publications

The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Bergbom, I., Karlsson, V. & Ringdal, M. (2018). Developing and evaluating an instrument to measure Recovery After INtensive care: the RAIN instrument. BMC Nursing, 17(1), Article ID 5.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Developing and evaluating an instrument to measure Recovery After INtensive care: the RAIN instrument
2018 (English)In: BMC Nursing, E-ISSN 1472-6955, Vol. 17, no 1, article id 5Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Measuring and evaluating patients' recovery, following intensive care, is essential for assessing their recovery process. By using a questionnaire, which includes spiritual and existential aspects, possibilities for identifying appropriate nursing care activities may be facilitated. The study describes the development and evaluation of a recovery questionnaire and its validity and reliability.

Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 30 items on a 5-point Likert scale was completed by 169 patients (103 men, 66 women), 18 years or older (m=69, SD 12.5) at 2, 6, 12 or 24 months following discharge from an ICU. An exploratory factor analysis, including a principal component analysis with orthogonal varimax rotation, was conducted. Ten initial items, with loadings below 0.40, were removed. The internal item/scale structure obtained in the principal component analysis was tested in relation to convergent and discrimination validity with a multi-trait analysis. Items consistency and reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha and internal item consistency. Test of scale quality, the proportion of missing values and respondents' scoring at maximum and minimum levels were also conducted.

Results: A total of 20 items in six factors - forward looking, supporting relations, existential ruminations, revaluation of life, physical and mental strength and need of social support were extracted with eigen values above one. Together, they explained 75% of the variance. The half-scale criterion showed that the proportion of incomplete scale scores ranged from 0% to 4.3%. When testing the scale's ability to differentiate between levels of the assessed concept, we found that the observed range of scale scores covered the theoretical range. Substantial proportions of respondents, who scored at the ceiling for forward looking and supporting relations and at floor for the need of social support, were found. These findings should be further investigated.

Conclusion: The factor analysis, including discriminant validity and the mean value for the item correlations, was found to be excellent. The RAIN instrument could be used to assess recovery following intensive care. It could provide post-ICU clinics and community/primary healthcare nurses with valuable information on which areas patients may need more support.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central (BMC), 2018
Keywords
Recovery, Intensive care recovery, Factor analysis, Recovery questionnaire
National Category
Nursing Anesthesiology and Intensive Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24378 (URN)10.1186/s12912-018-0275-1 (DOI)000425096000001 ()29456456 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85041842825 (Scopus ID)
Note

CC BY 4.0

This study was supported by the Agneta Prytz-Folkes and Gösta Folkes foundation. There had not been any conditions connected to the research regarding design of the study data collection, analysis, interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript.

Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
Kisch, A. M., Forsberg, A., Fridh, I., Almgren, M., Lundmark, M., Lovén, C., . . . Lennerling, A. (2018). The Meaning of Being a Living Kidney, Liver, or Stem Cell Donor—A Meta-Ethnography. Transplantation, 102(5), 744-756
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Meaning of Being a Living Kidney, Liver, or Stem Cell Donor—A Meta-Ethnography
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2018 (English)In: Transplantation, ISSN 0041-1337, E-ISSN 1534-6080, Vol. 102, no 5, p. 744-756Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Studies on living donors from the donors’ perspective show that the donation process involves both positive and negative feelings involving vulnerability. Qualitative studies of living kidney, liver, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donors have not previously been merged in the same analysis. Therefore, our aim was to synthesize current knowledge of these donors’ experiences to deepen understanding of the meaning of being a living donor for the purpose of saving or extending someone's life.

Methods: The meta-ethnography steps presented by Noblit and Hare in 1988 were used.

Results: Forty-one qualitative studies from 1968 to 2016 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The studies comprised experiences of over 670 donors. The time since donation varied from 2 days to 29 years. A majority of the studies, 25 of 41, were on living kidney donors. The synthesis revealed that the essential meaning of being a donor is doing what one feels one has to do, involving 6 themes; A sense of responsibility, loneliness and abandonment, suffering, pride and gratitude, a sense of togetherness, and a life changing event.

Conclusions: The main issue is that one donates irrespective of what one donates. The relationship to the recipient determines the motives for donation. The deeper insight into the donors’ experiences provides implications for their psychological care.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wolters Kluwer, 2018
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:his:diva-24386 (URN)10.1097/tp.0000000000002073 (DOI)000431423600024 ()29298236 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85046547061 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-07-15 Created: 2024-07-15 Last updated: 2024-07-16Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-9423-9378

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